• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.375-381
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• 1992

Streptomyces sp. S34가 분비하는 exoinulase의 생산조건을 검토하고 정제하였으며 이 호소의 성질을 조사하여 Streptomyces sp. S56이 생산하는 endoinulase와 비교하였다. 이 효소는 같은 속에서 분비되는 endoinulase와는 달리 탄소원으로 inulin이외에 glucose 및 soluble starch를 사용할 때도 효소가 생산되어 구성효소로 생각되었으며 유기질소원으로 대두박을 사용할 때 최대의 효소생산을 보였다. DEAE-cellulose에 이어 Sephadex G-200 chromatography로 정제한 효소의 최적 pH는 $5.5{\sim}6.0$이었고 최적온도 $50^{\circ}C$에서의 열안정성은 1시간 처리로 45%의 잔류활성이 있었다. 효소활성은 $Mn^{+2}$ 이온에 의하여 증가되나 $Ag^+$, $Hg^{+2}$, $Fe^{+3}$ 이온들에 의하여는 80% 이상 감소되었으며 특히 EDTA, 8-hydroxyquinoline에 의해 저해되어 metalloenzyme으로 생각되었다. 본 효소는 inulase 활성 대 invertase 활성비가 0.52로 전형적인 exoinulase로서 inulin 및 sucrose에 대한 친화도는 거의 같으나 최대속도는 inulin이 기질일 경우 sucrose보다 약 10배 빨랐다. 같은 Streptomyces 속에서 분비되는 endoinulase와 비교하면 작용 pH 범위가 $5{\sim}7$로 더 좁고 열안정성도 낮으며 저해 금속이온도 상이하나 두 효소 모두 metalloenzyme으로 추정되었다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제30권7호
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• pp.1647-1650
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• 2009

• 한국균학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.119-124
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• 2004

쓴송이버섯으로부터 분리한 혈전용해효소(TSFE)의 활성은 11.42 U/mg이었으며, N-terminal amino acid 서열은 Ala-Thr-Tyr-Lys-Ile-X-Ser-Ala-Thr-His-Gln-X-X-Leu-Val로 지금까지 발표되지 않은 새로운 효소였다. MALDI-TOF와 ICP/MS로 분자량은 18788.25 Da이며, $Zn^{2+}$을 함유하는 금속효소임을 알게 되었다. 이 효소는 $40^{\circ}C$까지 열에 안정하고, 특히 합성된 기질 Lys pNA를 강하게 분해하였다. $Zn^{2+}$와 $Co^{2+}$에 의해 활성이 증가되고, EDTA, 1,10-phenanthroline, $Hg^{2+}$에 의해서는 활성이 완전히 소멸되었다. 이 효소는 섬유소원의 $A{\alpha}$ chain은 분해하지만, $B{\beta}$ chain과 ${\gamma}$ chain은 분해하지 못했다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.420-426
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• 1998

Glutamic acid의 분해능이 뛰어난 aminopeptidase를 생산하는 세균을 토양으로부터 분리하였다. 이 균은 형태적 생리적 특성으로부터 Bacillus licheniformis로 동정되었다. 이 균을 최적 배지에 접종하고 37$^{\circ}C$에서 진탕배양한 후 균이 생산한 aminopeptidase를 ammonium sulfate 침전, Phenyl Sepharose CL-4B, Resource Q, Superose 12HR column을 통해 분리하여서 20.6%의 수율로 17.6배 정제된 glutamyl p-nitroanilide을 기질로 했을 때 9.2unit/mg의 순수효소를 얻었다. SDS-PAGE와 Native-PAGE로 부터 이 효소의 분자량이 42,000Da와 22,000Da으로 구성된 헤테로다이커로 약 64,000Da임이 밝혀졌고 효소의 등전점은 5.2로 나타났다. 이 효소의 반응 최적 온도는 55$^{\circ}C$, 반응최적 pH는 8.0이었고, EDTA와 1,10-phenanthroline에 의해서 효소활성이 저해되는 metalloenzyme으로 판명되었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권8호
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• pp.1043-1048
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• 2010

This study investigated the effects of Fe-soy proteinate (Fe-SP) and magnesium oxide (MgO) dietary supplements on eggshell quality in laying hens. A total of 800 26-wk-old Hy-Line Brown hens were assigned to four dietary treatments: control (C), Fe-SP 100 (100 ppm Fe-soy proteinate), MgO (3 g MgO/kg diet), and Fe-SP 100+MgO. Each treatment had five replicates of 40 hens. The FT-IR (Fourier transform infrared) and XRD (X-ray diffraction) spectra of Fe-soy proteinate were different from those of $FeSO_4$ and soy digest. There were no significant differences among treatments in hen-day egg production, hen-house egg production, broken and soft egg rate, feed intake, or feed conversion. The MgO and Fe-SP 100+MgO treatments showed significantly (p<0.05) higher egg weights than the control group. Eggshell strength and thickness were significantly (p<0.05) higher in the MgO supplemented groups. The lightness and yellowness of the eggshells decreased, and the redness increased significantly in the Fe-SP treated groups. There were no significant differences among treatments in leukocyte level, but hemoglobin (Hb) concentrations were higher with Fe-SP treatments. In conclusion, supplementation with Fe-SP significantly affects eggshell color and hemoglobin concentration, whereas MgO supplementation increases eggshell strength and thickness. Egg weight and egg shell quality can be improved by supplementation of 100 ppm Fe in the form of Fe-SP and 3 g MgO/kg diet.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제62권4호
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• pp.315-322
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• 2019

Seasonal ginsenoside flux in the leaves of 5-year-old Panax ginseng was analyzed from the field-grown ginseng, for the first time, to study possible biosynthesis and translocation of ginsenosides. The concentrations of nine major ginsenosides, Rg1, Re, Rh1, Rg2, R-Rh1, Rb1, Rc, Rb2, and Rd, were determined by UHPLC during the growth in between April and November. It was confirmed total ginsenoside content in the dried ginseng leaves was much higher than the roots by several folds whereas the composition of ginsenosides was different from the roots. The ginsenoside flux was affected by ginseng growth. It quickly increased to 10.99±0.15 (dry wt%) in April and dropped to 6.41±0.14% in May. Then, it slowly increased to 9.71±0.14% in August and maintained until October. Ginsenoside Re was most abundant in the leaf of P. ginseng, followed by Rd and Rg1. Ginsenosides Rf and Ro were not detected from the leaf. When compared to the previously reported root data, ginsenosides in the leaf appeared to be translocated to the root, especially in the early vegetative stage even though the metabolite translocated cannot be specified. The flux of ginsenoside R-Rh1 was similar to the other (20S)-PPT ginsenosides. When the compositional changes of each ginsenoside in the leaf was analyzed, complementary relationship was observed from ginsenoside Rg1 and Re, as well as from ginsenoside Rd and Rb1+Rc. Accordingly, ginsenoside Re in the leaf was proposed to be synthesized from ginsenoside Rg1. Similarly, ginsenosides Rb1 and Rc were proposed to be synthesized from Rd.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.460-469
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• 2019

Bacterial ${\alpha}-type$ carbonic anhydrase (${\alpha}-CA$) is a zinc metalloenzyme that catalyzes the reversible and extremely rapid interconversion of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate. In this study, we report the first crystal structure of a hyperthermostable ${\alpha}-CA$ from Persephonella marina EX-H1 (pmCA) in the absence and presence of competitive inhibitor, acetazolamide. The structure reveals a compactly folded pmCA homodimer in which each monomer consists of a 10-stranded ${\beta}-sheet$ in the center. The catalytic zinc ion is coordinated by three highly conserved histidine residues with an exchangeable fourth ligand (a water molecule, a bicarbonate anion, or the sulfonamide group of acetazolamide). Together with an intramolecular disulfide bond, extensive interfacial networks of hydrogen bonds, ionic and hydrophobic interactions stabilize the dimeric structure and are likely responsible for the high thermal stability. We also identified novel binding sites for calcium ions at the crystallographic interface, which serve as molecular glue linking negatively charged and otherwise repulsive surfaces. Furthermore, this large negatively charged patch appears to further increase the thermostability at alkaline pH range via favorable charge-charge interactions between pmCA and solvent molecules. These findings may assist development of novel ${\alpha}-CAs$ with improved thermal and/or alkaline stability for applications such as $CO_2$ capture and sequestration.

• BMB Reports
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.1050-1057
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• 2007

Peptide deformylase (PDF) is a metalloenzyme that removes the N-terminal formyl groups from newly synthesized proteins. It is essential for bacterial survival, and is therefore-considered as a potential target for antimicrobial chemotherapy. However, some bacteria including medically relevant pathogens possess two or more def-like genes. Here we have examined two PDFs from Bacillus cereus. The two share only 32% sequence identity and the crystal structures show overall similarity with PDF2 having a longer C-terminus. However, there are differences at the two active sites, and these differences appear to contribute to the activity difference seen between the two. BcPDF2 is found as a dimer in the crystal form with two additional actinonin bound at that interface.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.415-418
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• 2009

Concerned with ambiguous stereochemistry assignment of natural (+)-glabridin, absolute configurations of (${\pm}$)-glabridin enantiomers were studied with synthetic glabridin. Synthetic glabridin enantiomers were separated by semi-preparative Sumi-chiral column chromatography, and characterized by UV-Vis and NMR spectroscopy. Three-dimensional molecular structure of glabridin was obtained as equatorial Ph-3 half chair chroman ring from semi-empirical PM3 calculation, and refined by coupling constants in $^1H$ NMR spectrum. Finally, absolute configurations of two enantiomers were determined by circular dichroism spectroscopy based on the empirical helicity rules. Absolute configuration of natural (+)-glabridin was confirmed as (R)-glabridin, as known.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.165-171
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• 1993

표고버섯 중의 광감응성 mitochondrial ATP synthase는 0.1 mM $Fe^{2+}$ 단독 이온에 의하여 그 활성이 대조구에 비해 102%, 증가되었으며, 반면 $Fe^{3+}$ 및 $Mg^{2+}$ 이온은 효소의 활성을 억제시켰다. 0.5 mM $Mg^{2+}$ 존재하에서 0.1 mM $Fe^{2+}$ 이온에 의한 이 효소의 활성은 32% 증가되었으며 0.5 mM $Mg^{2+}$ 존재하에서 $Fe^{3+}$ 이온효과는 단독 $Fe^{3+}$ 이온의 효과와 유사한 경향으로 효소의 활성을 저해하였다. 0.5 mM $Mg^{2+}$과 0.1 mM, 0.5 mM 및 1.0 mM $Fe^{3+}$ 이온의 공존하에서$Fe^{2+}$ 이온에 의한 효소의 활성은 모두 억제되었으며, 특히 0.5 mM $Mg^{2+}$과 0.1 mM $Fe^{3+}$ 이온의 공존하에서 5.0 mM $Fe^{2+}$ 이온에 의하여 53%의 억제현상을 나타내었다. 따라서 표고버섯 중의 광감응성 mitochondrial ATP synthase의 활성은 $Fe^{2+}$ 이온에 의하여 특이적으로 크게 증가되며, 이 효소에 대한 $Fe^{2+}$ 이온의 활성화 효과가 $Mg^{2+}$ 이온에 의하여 크게 영항을 받지 않으나, $Fe^{3+}$ 이온의 공존하에서는 억제됨을 알았다. 활성화 금속이온인 $Fe^{2+}$ 존재하에서 이 효소의 최적 pH는 7.6이며, 최적 온도는 $63^{\circ}C$이었다. 또한 이 효소는 금속 chelating agent인 EDTA에 의하여 효소의 활성이 상실됨으로써 metalloenzyme의 가능성을 제시하였다.