• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.229-235
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• 2014

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess artifacts induced by metallic restorations in three-dimensional (3D) dental surface models derived by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods: Fifteen specimens, each with four extracted human premolars and molars embedded in a plaster block, were scanned by CBCT before and after the cavitated second premolars were restored with dental amalgam. Five consecutive surface models of each specimen were created according to increasing restoration size: no restoration (control) and small occlusal, large occlusal, disto-occlusal, and mesio-occluso-distal restorations. After registering each restored model with the control model, maximum linear discrepancy, area, and intensity of the artifacts were measured and compared. Results: Artifacts developed mostly on the buccal and lingual surfaces. They occurred not only on the second premolar but also on the first premolar and first molar. The parametric values increased significantly with increasing restoration size. Conclusions: Metallic restorations induce considerable artifacts in 3D dental surface models. Artifact reduction should be taken into consideration for a proper diagnosis and treatment planning when using 3D surface model derived by CBCT in dentofacial deformity patients.

• 보존과학연구
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• 통권8호
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• pp.13-34
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• 1987

A large number of metallic relics were excavated by a team of Kyungsang University museum (Nov. 25, 1985 - Jan. 29, 1986) from the groups of tombs located at No. 9 Mountain,Okchun Village, Sungsan-Ri, Ssangchak-Myon, Hyopchun-Kun, Kyungsangnam-Do which are believed to date back to Kaya period. The Research Institute of Cultural Properties was in charge performing scientific conservation and restoration for the iron cuirass and horse halmet (for one year and seven months, Feb. '86 - Sep. '87)The scientific processing for them are as follows :1. Taken Photo and record the actual conditions prior to conservation.2. Taken radiography3. Elimate Goethite ($\alpha$-FeOOH) layer on the surface using Air-brasive, remaining Magnetite ($Fe_3O_4$) layer.4. Treat to dechlorinize with 3% Sodium-Sesquicarbonate5. Protected the relics with Ruscoat acryl resin using vacuum infiltration method.6. Joint the sherd using Araldite and Microballoon mixture.7. Restored missing parts by Araldite SV 427 and HV 4278. Made record and taken photo after restoration Several hundred of sherds of relics, small or large, were restored by assortment which this method for the purpose of contributing to the further study of ancient Kaya history.* Conservator, National Research Institute of Cultural Properties.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.61-67
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• 2010

기존에 연구되어 온 금속 유물 접착용 에폭시 수지인 $Araldite^{(R)}$ rapid type, $Devcon^{(R)}$, $Araldite^{(R)}$ SV427+HV427, $CDK^{(R)}$520, $Araldite^{(R)}$ AW106+HV953 5 종을 선별하여 이들 수지의 문제점인 황변과 시간에 따라 나타날 수 있는 노화징후를 금속 문화재의 안전과 연결하여 접근하였다. 금속문화재 보존처리 후, 생길 수 있는 환경 변화 조건인 자외선 조사, 산 염기 상황을 인공적으로 극악하게 부여하였으며, 이들의 물성 변화를 굴곡 강도 변화와 표면 경도 변화를 통해 알아보고, 이 결과들을 FT-IR을 연결, 분석하여 그 변성 원인을 화학적으로 추적하고자 하였다. 자외선 조사 및 산 염기 환경에서 노출된 에폭시 수지들은 노출 전후에 굴곡 강도, 표면 경도들의 물리적 변성과 알코올의 생성 등의 화학적 변성이 나타났다. 대부분의 조건에서 SV427+HV427과 $CDK^{(R)}$520이 비교적 각 내후성 조건 아래 안정적이었지만, 자체의 굴곡 강도 수치가 낮아 복원 면적이 얇고 넓은 경우의 사용은 자제해야 할 것으로 보인다. 또한 보존 환경이 유물은 물론이고 보존처리 시 사용된 수지의 보존을 위해서도 매우 중요하다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• Conservation and Restoration of Cultural Heritage
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.9-22
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• 2012

The most widely excavated iron artifacts used as weapons or farm tools from central southern regions of Korea were subjects of non-metallic inclusion analysis through metallographic examination, microhardness measurement, and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Through metallographic interpretation and study of the analyzed results, the steel manufacturing and iron smelting using heat processing in the iron artifacts excavated from the central southern region of the ancient Korean peninsula was studied, and the analysis of the non-metallic inclusions mixed within the metallic structures was interpreted as the ternary phase diagram of the oxide to infer the type of iron ores for the iron products and the temperature of the furnace used to smelt them. Most of the ancient forged iron artifacts showed $Al_2O_3/SiO_2$ with high $SiO_2$ contents and relatively low $Al_2O_3$ contents for iron ore, indicating t hat for $Al_2O_3$ below 5%, it is presumed that magnetic iron ores were reduced to bloom iron (sponge iron) with direct-reduction process for production. The temperature for extraction of wustite for $Al_2O_3$ below 1% was found to be $1,020{\sim}1,050^{\circ}C$. Considering the oxide ternary constitutional diagram of glassy inclusions, the steel-manufacturing temperature was presumed to have been near $1,150{\sim}1,280^{\circ}C$ in most cases, and minimum melting temperature of casting iron part excavated in Daeseong-ri. Gyeonggi was near $1,400^{\circ}C$, and it is thought that hypoeutectic cast iron of about 2.3% carbon was casted and fragility of cast iron was improved by decarburizing in solid state.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.738-747
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• 2021

제철원료별 직접제련법 복원실험으로 생산된 단조박편의 재료과학적 분석을 통해 금속학적 특성을 규명하였다. 제련을 위해 경주감포사철과 양양철광석을 이용하며, 각각 4개의 그룹을 설정하였다. 분석은 주성분, 광물 동정, 미세조직 관찰을 하였다. 주성분 분석 결과 정련·단접이 진행될수록 Fe의 함량은 증가하고 비금속개재물의 함량은 감소하였다. 광물을 동정한 결과 산화철 계열의 광물이 확인되었다. 미세조직 관찰 결과 Wüstite, Fayalite가 관찰되었으며, 일부에는 응집된 Wüstite가 관찰되었다. 일부 다각형, 장주상의 Magnetite도 확인되었다. 또한, 공극 및 불순물, 비금속개재물은 점차 감소하였다. 차후 다양한 제철원료를 이용한 복원실험을 통해 생산된 단조박편의 재료과학적 분석을 통해 금속학적 특성을 규명하고, 이를 유적에서 출토된 단조박편과 비교·검토하는 것이 필요하다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.630-638
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of galvanic current between different metallic restorations on human saliva. The rate of salivary flow and concentrations of IgG, IgM, sIgA and lactoferrin were measured. In this study, unstimulated whole saliva collected before restoration was regarded as control group and unstimulated whole saliva collected 10 minutes, 1 day, 1 week, and 1 month after restoration were regarded as experimental groups. Following results were obtained from this study. 1. There were some differences in values of salivary flow rate between experimental groups, but the changes in values compared to those of the control group were not statistically significant(P>0.05). 2. Measurements of major antibacterial components of saliva showed that while the concentrations of IgG and IgM decreased significantly 1 week and 1 month after restoration(P<0.05), changes in values of sIgA and lactoferrin were not statistically significant(P>0.05). 3. In vitro measurements of galvanic currents decreased sharply in the first 20 seconds and thereafter decreased gradually. Galvanic current values measured in the early stages were greatly varied, but after 2 hours, the values in all groups approximated each other.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.60-65
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• 2014

Teeth that have short clinical crown, which are not alone enough to support the definitive restoration can be best treated using the post and core system. The advantages of fiber post over conventional metallic post materials have led to its wide acceptance. In addition to that the combination of aesthetic and mechanical benefits of fiber post has provided it with a rise in the field of dentistry. Also the results obtained from some clinical trials have encouraged the clinicians to use the fiber posts confidently. Fiber posts are manufactured from pre-stretched fibers impregnated within a resin matrix. The fibers could that be of carbon, glass/silica, and quartz, whereas Epoxy and bis-GMA are the most widely used resin bases. But recently studies are also found to be going on for polyimide as possible material for the fiber post resin base as a substitute for the conventional materials.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.241-244
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• 2014

Fabricating a crown to retrofit an existing abutment tooth for a partial removable dental prosthesis (PRDP) is one of the most time-consuming and labor-intensive clinical procedures. In particular, when the patient is concerned with esthetic aspects of restoration, the task of fabricating becomes more daunting. Many techniques for the fabrication of all-metallic or metal-ceramic crowns have been discussed in the literature. This article was aimed to describe a simple fabrication method in which a retrofitting crown was fabricated for a precise fit using a ceramic-pressed-to-metal system.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.309-318
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• 2015

조선의 18대 왕인 현종이 당시의 원로대신 이경석에게 의자와 함께 하사한 지팡이는 국가에서 관장하는 제작기법과 양식을 알 수 있는 대표적인 조선시대 공예품이다. 지팡이의 장석을 분석한 결과, 지팡이 몸통에 살포가 연결된 금속제 끝 장식은 먼저 철판을 둥글게 말아 원기둥 형태를 만들고 황동으로 도금하였다. 도금된 부분은 살포와 연결된 금속제 끝 장식에만 국한되고 있으며, 동일한 철 소재로 제작된 살포에는 도금되지 않았다. 칼장식에는 20% 내외의 아연이 포함된 황동이 그대로 사용된 반면 살포 연결부는 철판 위에 황동도금을 했다. 이는 제작당시에 칼장식과 살포 연결부의 표면 색조가 동일하였음을 의미하는 것으로 기능적인 측면에서 바탕소재를 달리할 수밖에 없는 상황에서 외견상의 조화를 추구한 결과로 추정된다. 여기에 적용된 도금법으로 수은아말감, 구리박도금, 구리분말도포, 포목상감, 용융 금속 침적 등 다양한 도금법을 고려할 수 있으며, 분석된 결과는 용융 금속을 이용한 도금법이 적용된 것으로 나타났다. 황동으로 제작된 칼코는 주석납땜으로 접합하였다. 칼날을 고정시키기 위해 사용된 리벳은 강도와 유연성을 모두 충족시킬 수 있는 최적의 소재로 순철이 사용되었다.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.77-90
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• 2024

PURPOSE. The study aims to investigate the influence of the ferrule effect and types of posts on the stress distribution in three morphological types of the maxillary central incisor. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Nine models were created for 3 maxillary central incisor morphology types: "Fat" type - crown 12.5 mm, root 13 mm, and buccolingual cervical diameter 7.5 mm, "Medium" type - crown 11 mm, root 14 mm, and buccolingual cervical diameter 6.5 mm, and "Slim" type - crown 9.5 mm, root 15 mm, and buccolingual cervical diameter 5.5 mm. Each model received an anatomical castable post-and-core or glass-fiber post with resin composite core and three ferrule heights (nonexistent, 1 mm, and 2 mm). Then, a load of 14 N was applied at the cingulum with a 45° slope to the long axis of the tooth. The Maximum Principal Stress and the Minimum Principal Stress were calculated in the root dentin, crown, and core. RESULTS. Higher tensile and compression stress values were observed in root dentin using the metallic post compared to the fiber post, being higher in the slim type maxillary central incisor than in the medium and fat types. Concerning the three anatomical types of maxillary central incisors, the slim type without ferrule height in mm presented the highest tensile stress in the dentin, for both types of metal and fiber posts. CONCLUSION. Post system and tooth morphology were able to modify the biomechanical response of restored endodontically-treated incisors, showing the importance of personalized dental treatment for each case.