• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.105-112
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• 2013

Turbopump is typically an assembly of rotors and casings, and there are a number of joints between them. Every joint should be leak-proof, so there is always a seal to accomplish the goal. Among various seals, metal seals are advantageous in that they are robust at high pressure, and at wide range of temperature. In this study, flange joints using conical seal made of stainless steel, solid flat metal seal made of copper and metal C seal made of Inconel 718 were structurally designed and analyzed, considering both initial tightening and operating conditions.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.643-649
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• 2011

For the development of butterfly valves used in liquefied natural gas (LNG) vessels, the seat tightness is one of the important factors to be taken into account in the valve-design process. An O-ring-type metal seal with a retaining ring showing good seat tightness at cryogenic temperatures has been widely used, despite the high manufacturing costs involved. As an alternative, a flexible solid metal seal offers not only sufficient tightness of the butterfly valve, meeting specification requirements, but also relatively low manufacturing costs. In this study, a design criterion to ensure the seat tightness of the butterfly valve using the flexible solid metal seal is proposed. The contact pressure can be calculated by the simulation of the frictional contact behavior between the surface of the metal seal and the valve disc. The geometry of the flexible solid metal seal is determined so that it satisfies the design criterion for sufficient seat tightness, and is verified by experiments according to BS6755 and BS6364.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.183-190
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• 2018

Tilting pad journal bearing is widely used for steam turbines because of its excellent dynamic stability. As the turbine capacity increases, power loss in the bearings becomes a matter of concern. Power loss in tilting pad journal bearings can be reduced by increasing the bearing clearance and reducing the pad arc length. In this study, the tilting pad journal bearing is tested by changing the seal tooth clearance to verify the static characteristics of the bearing. Bearing power loss and bearing metal temperature are evaluated to compare the bearing's performance and reliability for several test cases. The test bearing is a tilting pad journal bearing with 300.62mm inner diameter and 120.00mm active length. The bearing power loss, its metal temperature, and oil film thickness are measured and evaluated based on the rotor's rotational speed, oil flow rate, and bearing load. Test results show that a tilting pad journal bearing with large seal tooth clearance has 40% lower power loss compared with a bearing with a small seal tooth clearance. As the seal tooth clearance is increased, the power loss of the tilting pad journal bearing decreases. However, with respect to the bearing metal temperatures, a detuning point is observed that makes the minimum bearing metal temperature. Moreover, as the seal tooth clearance is increased, the oil film thickness increases due to high viscosity.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.9 no.1 s.26
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• pp.26-32
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• 2005

This paper presents the design safety of metal seals in pressure vessels. For a high-pressure vessel, a metal seal is usually used as a primary sealing, and an elastomeric rubber O-ring is adopted as a secondary sealing unit. The FEM computed results show that an aluminium material for sealing a gas leakage is superior to a steel one because of the thermal expansion rate. The deformation and stress distributions on the metal seal and pressure vessel structures are mainly dominated by transferred temperature compared to those of the gas pressure in which is supplied by an external pump. Thus, the temperature of a metal seal material should be restricted to under $200^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Aerospace System Engineering
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.24-29
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• 2014

Turbopump is typically an assembly of rotors and casings, and there are a number of joints between them. Every joint should be leak-proof, so there is always a seal to accomplish the goal. Among various seals, metal seals are advantageous in that they are robust at high pressure, and at wide range of temperature. On the other hand, they require very high tightening forces, so that flanges, bolts and nuts should be carefully designed to ensure structural integrity and to prevent detrimental yielding of components. In this study, flange joints using conical seals made of stainless steel, solid flat metal seals made of copper and metal C-seals made of Inconel 718 were structurally designed and analyzed, considering both initial tightening and operating conditions.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.537-545
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• 2013

The elastic recovery of a metal seal is a factor that can be used to assess its sealing performance. In this study, a compliant mechanism topology optimization has been performed to find a structure of a metal O-ring seal that can maintain excellent sealing performance with a maximized elastic recovery over extended operation. An evolutionary structural optimization (ESO) was used as a topology optimization algorithm with two different types of objective functions considering both flexibility and stiffness. In particular, a circular design domain was adopted to consider the outer shape of the metal O-ring seal. The elastic recovery of the optimal topology was calculated and compared to that of a commercial product.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.101-108
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• 2013

An aircraft fuel hose is a kind of high pressure hose, and generally consists of a nipple, a socket, an inner tube, and a reinforcement layer to increase the tensile strength. Especially the nipple supports the other components in manufacturing stages such as the swaging or crimping processes however, the nipple also serves to prevent leakage in cases of hose engagement with a hydraulic system. To ensure the seal of the hose assembly, a beam seal fitting with metal-to-metal contact is usually adopted at the end of a nipple. Therefore, the geometry of the beam is an important parameter to be determined to make sure there is sufficient contact force. This study aims to investigate the effects of beam seal geometry on the contact force by changing the inclined angle and the thickness of the beam. The results reveal that the proper thickness and inclined angle of the beam seal are 0.45 mm and $8.5^{\circ}$, respectively.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.18 no.2_spc
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• pp.237-245
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• 2020

Metal seals are the main components that establish the containment boundary in bolted casks, which store spent nuclear fuel. These seals are degraded by heat and radiation. In addition, creep occurs when the seals are exposed to intense heat for an extended period. This creep results in the stress relaxation of the seals, which consequently impairs the seal integrity. The stress relaxation can reduce the sealing performance of the metal seal, which can further cause leakage in the storage cask. Moreover, the reduction of bolt tension leads to sealing performance degradation. In this study, the results of high-temperature-accelerated tests were obtained to evaluate the containment integrity of metal seals and the decrease in bolt tension. During the tests, the leakage rate, bolt strain, and ambient temperature of the metal seals were measured and analyzed. The metal seals were found to maintain containment integrity for 50 years of storage. The validity of the acceleration test was also investigated.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.99-104
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• 1981

Glass-ceramics possessed a number of characteristics which suggested their suggested their use for sealing to metals. The choice of particular glass-ceramics compositions for this application is governed by various factors, including workability of the glasses, thermal expansion characteristics and the matching of these to appropriate metals. Other properties, such as mechanical strength, determined the performance of glass-ceramics to metal seals. The purpose of the present study was to investigate direct sealing behaviour of copper to $Li_2O-ZnO-SiO_2$ system glass-ceramics. The design of the seal was a concentric seal which might contribute to the strong bond formation by providing compressive stress during thermal excursions. Tensile strengths of sealing layers were measured by Instron test machine. The layers were examined by electron probe microanalyzer. Crsystallization rate was increased with the amount of ZnO or $Li_2O$, and ZnO increased the sealing strength, but $Li_2O$ lowered it. Sealing mechanism was due to the formation of metal oxides, which acted as binder between copper and glass-ceramics. The nickle-plated copper seal with 10% $Li_2O$ and 30% ZnO was the most strong seal, and its sealing strength was more than 56kg/$\textrm{cm}^2$.

• 연구논문집
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• s.24
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• pp.175-188
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• 1994

Water seal is composed of metal case, garter spring, and NBR. Axisymmetric, large deformation non-linear contact problems were solved by using the finite element method for the evaluation of performance of the water seal. Effects of the interference between seal and shaft, and the garter spring on the seal characteristics were considered in this analysis. The contact force and sealing performance increased as the interference and spring stiffness increases. And middle seal is main role sealing performance. Further research efforts are required to consider the effects of the garter spring stiffness, the eccentricity by the shaft or case, and the water pressure.