• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.149-163
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• 2016

Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the readability and suitability of printed educational materials related to metabolic syndrome in South Korea. Methods: Data were collected on 15 educational materials on metabolic syndrome from public health centers in Seoul. The 9 Graded Korean Vocabulary Classification and Korean version of SAM (Suitability Assessment of Materials) were used for the readability evaluation and the suitability evaluation respectively. Results: Overall average of the readability was 3.0th grade level. The percentage of 1st to 4th grade words was 79.4%. The printed educational materials on metabolic syndrome were written according to recommended reading levels. In suitability assessment, 2 out of 15 materials(13.3%) were scored as superior, 12 materials(80.0%) were scored as adequate and only 1 (6.7%) was scored as inadequate. The total average score of suitability was adequate. However, there are limitations in "summary and review" and "context is given first" due to limited writing pages. Conclusion: Readability and suitability of educational materials for metabolic syndrome were evaluated as adequate level. However, future health educational materials should be evaluated for readability via different factors including length of sentences, numbers of sentences, and structure of sentences. In addition, for easier understanding and motivation of readers, materials should use summary & review, context and proper interaction.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.384-393
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of Participatory Action-Oriented Training (PAOT) programs in korean manufacture workers with metabolic syndrome for three years. Methods: A total of 890 workers with risks of metabolic syndrome were recruited from one workplace. The experimental group (n=51) received PAOT program for the preventive management on metabolic syndrome, while the control group (n=51) received conventional program. Results: In the experimental group who participated in PAOT program, percentage of achieved action plans was 73.4% at three months, 75.8% at six months, 82.8% at three years. After three years, the rate of risk factor in the experimental group has significantly decreased from $1.94{\pm}1.77$ to $0.76{\pm}1.25$ for moderate exercise, and from $1.72{\pm}2.01$ to $1.04{\pm}1.59$ for the strenuous exercise. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure has significantly decreased from $125.06{\pm}11.83$ to $117.65{\pm}19.94$, from $83.45{\pm}13.38$ to $76.39{\pm}8.09$ mmHg. In addition, risk factor score also decreased from $3.31{\pm}0.61$ to $1.41{\pm}0.89$. Conclusion: To improve the effectiveness of PAOT program for the management of risk factors of metabolic syndrome, there is a need to continue implement programs and analyze the long-term effects are required in the workplace.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.314-325
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• 2015

The goal of this study was to evaluate the relationship between metabolic syndrome risk factors and health promotion behavior in general hospital nurses. Data were conducted using a structured questionnaire survey with 450 registered nurses in a general hospital in Gyeonggido. Data were collected from October 6 to October 31, 2014. The data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 21.0. version. The overall prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 8.0% for nurses at a general hospital. The mean score of Health promotion lifestyle profile was 2.53( range: 1.22~3.44). The high prevalence risk groups for metabolic syndrome was between 26 and 30 yr of age, ICU nurses and drinking one or two times/1wk. The study indicates that hospital administrators should focus on job circumstances of nurses(especially nurses classified as high prevalence risk for metabolic syndrome) for improvement and prevention of MS prevalence risk.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.10
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• pp.411-423
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to examine the association between metabolic syndrome and its components and health-related quality of life in Korean adults. Metabolic syndrome defined in accordance with NCEP-ATP III, and HRQOL was evaluated using EQ-5D. Data on 16,657 adult, extracted from Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys in 2016-2018, were analyzed and showed that 34.3% of subjects were metabolic syndrome, with males higher than females. The average score of HRQOL was 96.7 for men and 94.5 for women. Multiple logistic regression analysis was results, The OR of impaired HRQOL in women who metabolic syndrome was 1.27(95% CI: 1.09-1.46) compared to who women without metabolic syndrome. Among the components of metabolic syndrome, abdominal obesity (OR=1.72, 95% CI: 1.50-1.97) and high blood pressure (OR=1.26, 95% CI: 1.06-1.50) were associated to impaired HRQOL. But, there were no significant in men. In conclusion, In order to improve women's HRQOL, it suggests that an approach strategy is necessary to reduce the risk factors of metabolic syndrome, which take into account women's characteristics.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.4029-4032
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• 2014

Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyze any association between the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and risk of prostate cancer (PCa) and cancer grade among men undergoing radical prostatectomy for PCa. Materials and Methods: 50 patients with MetS and 50 patients without MetS who undervent radical prostatectomy (RP) were included in the study. Age at biopsy, height, weight, digital rectal examination (DRE), pre-biopsy PSA levels, prostate volume, histopathologic diagnosis after surgery and gleason scores were collected data from all patients. Histologic material obtained at biopsy was given a Gleason score; tumours with a Gleason score ${\geq}7$ were considered high grade and <7 were considered low grade. Results: The mean age at the time of biopsy was $63.7{\pm}5.94$ in patients with MetS and $61.6{\pm}6.14$ in patients without MetS. Men with MetS had significantly lower PSA levels (p=0.01) ($7.21{\pm}2.74$ and $8.81{\pm}2.72$, respectively). Also, the men with MetS had higher RP tumor grade (p=0.04). Conclusions: Men with MetS undergoing RP have lower PSA levels and have significantly higher grade PCa. We must be careful for screening PCa in patients with MetS. Although the patients had lower PSA levels, they may have high grade disease.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.13-21
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• 2018

Objectives: The objective of this study is to develop the diagnostic tool to distinguish between cold syndrome (CS) and heat syndrome (HS). Methods: A total of 1,753 subjects were divided into three groups, those are CS group, intemediate group, and HS group, by the mean and standard deviation of the cold heat syndrome differentiation score using 7 point scale consisting of 9 items. Demographic characteristics, diseases history, health status, Mibyeong, syndrome differentiation were analyzed. Results: CS is characterized by women, elderly, and low body mass index. CS has a history of thyroid disease, cataract, depression, osteoporosis, and HS has a history of prostatomegaly. CS receives less social psychosocial stress than HS, and the quality of life associated with health status is lower than HS. CS group has the tendency to be tired, painful, sleepless, dyspeptic and anxious. Conclusions: CS is a set of symptoms associated with decreased energy metabolism and decreased metabolic function, and is more likely to be unhealthy than HS.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.351-361
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• 2015

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relations between diabetic dietary compliance and dietary intake, physical activity and prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) in type 2 diabetic patients. Methods: Seventy five subjects diagnosed with type 2 diabetes visiting the D hospital in Dongducheon from May 2014 to Dec 2014 were included in this study. The subjects were divided into two groups according to their diabetic dietary compliance score (median 39); low diabetic dietary compliance (LDDC) group (n=44) and high diabetic dietary compliance (HDDC) group (n=31). Survey data collection was carried out by direct interview method. The nutrient intake, food intake and KDDS (Korean's dietary diversity score), DVS (dietary variety score) and GMVDF (grain, meat, vegetable, dairy and fruit) were analyzed using data from the 24-recall method. Metabolic parameters were obtained from the hospital records. Data was analyzed using Chi-square test and general linear model adjusted for sex. Results: The prevalence of MS was 59.7% in the participating diabetic patients. The prevalence of MS of the HDDC (39.3%) was significantly lower than that of the LDDC (72.7%). The distribution of physical activity showed a significant difference between the groups (p=0.006). The intakes of seeds and nuts of the HDDC were significantly lower than those of the LDDC. Fat and vegetable fat intakes and % fat of energy in the HDDC were significantly lower than those in the LDDC. But, carbohydrate (CHO) and potassium intake and %CHO of energy in the HDDC were significantly higher than those in the LDDC. KDDS and GMVDF showed significant differences between groups (p=0.033; p=0.012). Conclusions: Continuous intervention by specialized nutritionists for long-term self-regulation is needed for diabetic patients, and the high compliance to diabetic diet and increasing physical activity may be effective in the prevention of metabolic syndrome.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.1744-1753
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to provide obese middle school girls with walking and behavior modification program(WBMP) by investigating effects of the exercise on their body composition(BC), physical fitness(PF) and metabolic syndrome(MS). Analysis result of the difference between before and after the exercise(paired and independent t-test) was acquired by measuring BC, PF and MS for 12 weeks(60min/day, three a week). 24 Volunteers were 14 years over ${\geq}223.64kg/m^2$ and 15 years over ${\geq}24.00kg/m^2$. In the body composition, waist circumference(WC), body fat mass(BFM), %fat, arm muscle circumference(AMC), total body water(TBW), physical score(PS) were significant difference between the exercise group(EG) and the control group(CG), also including all factors in PF. The components of metabolic syndrome were significant difference between EG and CG, but HDL-C, systolic & diastolic blood pressure were no difference. The metabolic syndrome factors by separate of waist girth were no difference between EG and CG, but BMI, diastolic blood pressure were significant difference. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 4 of 24(16.7%) before intervention, but it dropped from 2 to 1 after intervention in WBMP. The components of metabolic syndrome was distributed a big WC>low HDL-C>high TG>hypertension. The changes of AMC, We, PS, BW, 50m run and BFM effect the factors on BMI(35%), WHR(waist-hip ratio, 69%), HDL-C(42%), fasting blood glucose(65%), HOMA-IR index(34%) and systolic blood pressure(39%) respectively. There were significantly increased in breakfast frequency, walking steps, and meal eating period, but decreased in snacks and eating out in exercise group.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.594-601
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• 2009

Purpose: The goal of this study was to evaluate the impact of life style characteristics on the prevalence risk of metabolic syndrome (MS). Methods: A total of 581 adults were recruited from a cardiovascular outpatient clinic. A newly developed comprehensive life style evaluation tool for MS patients was used, and patient data related to the MS diagnosis were reviewed from the hospital records. Results: The overall prevalence of MS was 53.2%, and the mean of MS score was 2.6 for patients at a cardiovascular outpatient clinic (78% of the patients had hypertension). Dietary habits among the life style characteristics had significant influence on the prevalence risk of MS and MS scores. And also interestingly, the classification and regression tree (CART) model suggested that the high prevalence risk groups for MS were older adults (61.5$\leq$age<79.4), and adults between 48.5 and 61.5 yr of age with bad dietary habits. Conclusion: This study indicates that nurses should focus on dietary habits of patients (especially patients classified as high prevalence risk for MS) for improvement and prevention of MS prevalence risk.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.135-143
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• 2016

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify the factors associated with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) risk in patients with metabolic syndrome (MS). Methods: Patients with MS between 30 and 74 years of age were recruited in an outpatient clinic of a cardiovascular center in Seoul, South Korea. MS and the risk of OSA were evaluated by Berlin questionnaire survey, the medical records of the participants were reviewed and a comprehensive lifestyle survey was performed. SPSS WIN 21.0 was used for statistical analysis. Results: BMI (OR: 1.31, CI: 1.14-1.51, p<.001) and lifestyle score (OR: 0.96, CI: 0.93-0.99, p=.028) were associated with the risk of OSA. Physical activity, weight control and diet were specifically associated with the risk of OSA after controlling for age, gender and BMI. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that lifestyle was an important factor associated with OSA risk in patients with MS.