• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.651-656
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• 2017

Ursolic acid (UA) supplementation was previously shown to improve skeletal muscle function in resistance-trained men. This study aimed to determine, using the same experimental paradigm, whether UA also has beneficial effects on exercise-induced skeletal muscle damage markers including the levels of cortisol, B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), myoglobin, creatine kinase (CK), creatine kinase-myocardial band (CK-MB), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in resistance-trained men. Sixteen healthy participants were randomly assigned to resistance training (RT) or RT+UA groups (n=8 per group). Participants were trained according to the RT program (60~80% of 1 repetition, 6 times/week), and the UA group was additionally given UA supplementation (450 mg/day) for 8 weeks. Blood samples were obtained before and after intervention, and cortisol, BNP, myoglobin, CK, CK-MB, and LDH levels were analyzed. Subjects who underwent RT alone showed no significant change in body composition and markers of skeletal muscle damage, whereas RT+UA group showed slightly decreased body weight and body fat percentage and slightly increased lean body mass, but without statistical significance. In addition, UA supplementation significantly decreased the BNP, CK, CK-MB, and LDH levels (p<0.05). In conclusion, UA supplementation alleviates increased skeletal muscle damage markers after RT. This finding provides evidence for a potential new therapy for resistance-trained men.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.37-44
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• 1977

In the previous study of the release, excretion, and plasma concentration of aldosterone in normal Koreans, the author found that urinary aldosterone excretion and aldosterone secretion rate of the Korean who usually take high amount of salt are significantly lower, in compared to Americans, although the plasma concentration is only tended to be low. The control of plasma aldosterone level depends on the secretion rate and the metabolic clearance of the hormone. In this experiments, the metabolic clearance rate of aldosterone was determined in normotensive korean and the effects of adrenal stimulations on the rates were also studied in the same subjects. The metabolic clearance rate of the normal Korean was not significantly different from those of the American, and shown a little increase in response to sodium restriction. These results indicate that the decrease in secretion rate rather than the increase in metabolic clearance Tate is the major factor maintaining lower plasma aldosterone level. After furosemide diuresis, on the contrary, the removal of aldosterone showed significant the decrease despite slight increase of secretion rate. This suggest that the reduction in metabolic clearance rate of the hormone during volume depletion found to be major cause of high plasma concentration. Additional potassium supply produced detectable decrease of metabolic clearance rate, but the changes were smaller than that of secretion rate, which suggested that the higher secretion rate could account for elevated plasma concentration of aldosterone rather than metabolic clearance. Above results also support author's previous evidences that the normal Korean who already adapted to a high sodium diet have ability to produce adequate aldosterone activity without producing detectable changes on the metabolic clearance rate under the condition of sodium restriction with approp riate potassium intake.

• BMB Reports
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• 제48권10호
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• pp.539-540
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• 2015

It has been proposed that the selective elimination of cancer stem cells (CSCs) using targeted therapy could greatly reduce tumor growth, recurrence, and metastasis. To develop effective therapeutic targets for CSC elimination, we aimed to define the properties of CSC mitochondria, and identify CSC-mitochondria-specific targets in colon cancer. We found that colon CSCs utilize mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) to produce ATP. We also found that forkhead box protein 1 (FOXM1)-induced peroxiredoxin 3 (PRDX3) maintains the mitochondrial function, and the FOXM1/PRDX3 mitochondrial pathway maintains survival of colon CSCs. Furthermore, FOXM1 induces CD133 (PROM1/prominin 1) expression, which maintains the stemness of colon CSCs. Together, our findings indicate that FOXM1, PRDX3, and CD133 are potential therapeutic targets for the elimination of CSCs in colon cancer.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.167-175
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• 2021

Far-infrared rays (FIR) are known to have various effects on atoms and molecular structures within cells owing to their radiation and vibration frequencies. The present study examined the effects of FIR on gene expression related to glucose transport through microarray analysis in rat skeletal muscle cells, as well as on mitochondrial biogenesis, at high and low glucose conditions. FIR were emitted from a bio-active material coated fabric (BMCF). L6 cells were treated with 30% BMCF for 24 h in medium containing 25 or 5.5 mM glucose, and changes in the expression of glucose transporter genes were determined. The expression of GLUT3 (Slc2a3) increased 2.0-fold (p < 0.05) under 5.5 mM glucose and 30% BMCF. In addition, mitochondrial oxygen consumption and membrane potential (ΔΨm) increased 1.5- and 3.4-fold (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001), respectively, but no significant change in expression of Pgc-1a, a regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis, was observed in 24 h. To analyze the relationship between GLUT3 expression and mitochondrial biogenesis under FIR, GLUT3 was down-modulated by siRNA for 72 h. As a result, the ΔΨm of the GLUT3 siRNA-treated cells increased 3.0-fold (p < 0.001), whereas that of the control group increased 4.6-fold (p < 0.001). Moreover, Pgc-1a expression increased upon 30% BMCF treatment for 72 h; an effect that was more pronounced in the presence of GLUT3. These results suggest that FIR may hold therapeutic potential for improving glucose metabolism and mitochondrial function in metabolic diseases associated with insufficient glucose supply, such as type 2 diabetes.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.22-28
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• 2014

Flos Sophorae, the dried flower bud of Sophora japonica L, possesses anti-inflammatory properties, prevents and treats blood capillary and hypertension diseases and can also be used as a hemostat. However, the effect of Flos Sophorae on breast cancer invasion is unknown. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), which degrades the extracellular matrix, is a major component in cancer cell invasion. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of Flos Sophorae extract (FSE) on 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression and cell invasion, as well as the molecular mechanisms involved in Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF-7) cells. FSE inhibited the TPA-induced transcriptional activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-${\kappa}B$). These results indicate that FSE-mediated inhibition of TPA-induced MMP-9 expression and cell invasion involves the suppression of NF-${\kappa}B$ pathway in MCF-7 cells. Thus, FSE may have therapeutic potential for controlling breast cancer invasiveness.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제45권10호
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• pp.692-694
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• 2022

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.207-210
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• 2003

Lipids play many structural and metabolic roles, and dietary fat has great impact on metabolism and health. Fatty acid oxidation rate is dependent on tissue types. However there has been no report on the relationship between the rate of fatty acid oxidation and carnitine transport system in outer mitochondrial membrane of many tissues. In this study, the rate of fatty acid oxidation and carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT) I activity in the carnitine transport system were measured to understand the metabolic characteristics of fatty acid in various tissues. Palmitic acid oxidation rate and CPT I activity in various tissues were measured. Tissues were obtained from the white and red skeletal muscles, heart, liver, kidney and brain of rats. The highest lipid oxidation rate was demonstrated in the cardiac muscle, and the lowest oxidation rate was in brain. Red gastrocnemius muscle followed to the cardiac muscle. Lipid oxidation rates of kidney, white gastrocnemius muscle and liver were similar, ranging from 101 to 126 DPM/mg/hr. CPT I activity in the cardiac muscle was the highest, red gastrocnemius muscle followed by liver. Brain tissue showed the lowest CPT I activity as well as lipid oxidation rate, although the values were not significantly different from those of kidney and white gastrocnemius muscle. Therefore, lipid oxidation rate was highly (p＜0.001) related to CPT I activity. Lipid oxidation rate is variable, depending on tissue types, and is highly (p＜0.001) related to CPT I activity. CPT I activity may be a good marker to indicate lipid oxidation capacity in various tissues.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.91-95
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• 2012

The role of the kidney in combating metabolic acidosis has been a subject of considerable interest for many years. The present study was aimed to determine whether there is an altered regulation of renal acid base transporters in acute and chronic acid loading. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were used. Metabolic acidosis was induced by administration of $NH_4Cl$ for 2 days (acute) and for 7days (chronic). The serum and urinary pH and bicarbonate were measured. The protein expression of renal acid base transporters [type 3 $Na^+/H^+$ exchanger (NHE3), type 1 $Na^+/{HCO_3}^-$ cotransporter (NBC1), Na-$K^+$ ATPase, $H^+$-ATPase, anion exchanger-1 (AE-1)] was measured by semiquantitative immunoblotting. Serum bicarbonate and pH were decreased in acute acid loading rats compared with controls. Accordingly, urinary pH decreased. The protein expression of NHE3, $H^+$-ATPase, AE-1 and NBC1 was not changed. In chronic acid loading rats, serum bicarbonate and pH were not changed, while urinary pH was decreased compared with controls. The protein expression of NHE3, $H^+$-ATPase was increased in the renal cortex of chronic acid loading rats. These results suggest that unaltered expression of acid transporters combined with acute acid loading may contribute to the development of acidosis. The subsequent increased expression of NHE3, $H^+$-ATPase in the kidney may play a role in promoting acid excretion in the later stage of acid loading, which counteract the development of metabolic acidosis.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2017

There are two kinds of body fluid metabolism in Traditional Korean Medicine based on 'Internal Classic'("內經"); one is metabolism of body fluid(津液) meaning metabolism of physiological substance, and another is metabolism of humor meaning a metabolic process that excretes waste out of the body. 'Phlegm-retained fluid'(痰飮) is a typical pathological condition caused by abnormal fluid metabolism in Traditional Korean Medicine. As a result of reviewing the literature on 'phlegm-retained fluid'(痰飮), the following facts were found; 'Phlegm-retained fluid'(痰飮) is formed by abnormal state of metabolism of body fluid(津液). In other words, because of the action of various etiologies, qi(氣) and body fluid(津液) metabolism can have abnormal conditions and these metabolic disorders cause formation of 'phlegm-retained fluid'(痰飮). Treatments for 'phlegm-retained fluid'(痰飮) include the following: Eliminating the causes of illness, recovery of metabolism of qi(氣) and body fluid(津液), and functional recovery of pancreas and kidney related to body fluid(津液) metabolism. These treatments are distinguished from promotion of sweating(發汗) and helping urination, the treatments for humor metabolism abnormality.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.328-332
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• 2018

In this study, Banhasasim-tang extracts (BSTE) have an inhibitory effects on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in mouse model. Cisplatin is the most widely used anticancer drug for treatment of various cancer. However, cisplatin treatment to cancer patients leads to many side effects such as nephrotoxicity and body weight decrease. We hypothesize that BSTE improve the cisplatin-induced side effects in mouse model. We found that BSTE administration protected tubular injury by cisplatin in mouse model. BSTE also inhibited increase of creatinine and BUN induced by cisplatin injection in serum. Collectively, our data suggest that BSTE could be a therapeutic agent for reducing kidney injury induced by cisplatin treatment in cancer patients.