• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.625-641
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• 1999

Aging occurs as a part of maturation as the time progresses which manifests in the human body causing morphological and functional degeneration, eventually leading to death. This experimental study was conducted to investigate a herbal formula to fortify the heart with easy clinical applications. Sungshimsan was chosen to study its effects in heart lipid peroxide and metabolic enzyme system in senescence induced rats. After pre-treatment of Sungshimsan for 2 weeks at the dosage of A (100mg/kg), B (250mg/kg), C (350mg/kg), and D (500mg/kg), a lipid peroxide and metabolic enzyme system changes of the heart were meaured in 32 weeks old rats. The following results were obtained in this study: 1. The contents of lipid peroxide was significantly reduced in the experimental groups treated with greater than 2 weeks at 250mg/kg. 2. The enzymatic activity of cytochrome P-450, cytochrome b5, and NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase were significantly decreased in the 250mg/kg, 350mg/kg, and 500mg/kg experimental groups. 3. The activity of glutathione and glutathione S-transferase were significantly increased in the 250mg/kg, 350mg/kg, and 500mg/kg experimental groups. 4. The activity of glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase were not influenced compared to the control group. 5. The activity of ${\gamma}$-glutamylcystein synthetase was significantly increased in the 250mg/kg, 350mg/kg, and 500mg/kg experimental groups. 6. The activity of enzymes detoxificatioon superoxide dismutase and catalase were not influenced compared to the control group. Summarizing above results suggest that the Sungshimsan has profound effects in the heart lipid peroxide, free radicals, and delaying the heart aging process. Further clinical researches and application can be anticipated on the topic of senility and gerontology.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.38 no.12
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• pp.1044-1053
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• 2015

This study first investigated the effects of corn gluten hydrolysate (CGH) (1.5 g/day) administration for 7 days on appetite-responsive genes in lean Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. In a second set of experiments, the metabolic changes occurring at multiple time points over 8 weeks in response to CGH (35.33% wt/wt) were observed in high-fat (HF, 60% of energy as fat) diet-fed SD rats. In lean rats, the hypothalamus neuropeptide-Y and proopiomelanocortin mRNA levels of the CGH group were significantly changed in response to CGH administration. In the second part of the study, CGH treatment was found to reduce body weight and perirenal and epididymal fat weight. CGH also prevented an increase in food intake at 2 weeks and lowered plasma leptin and insulin levels in comparison with the HF group. This reduction in the plasma and hepatic lipid levels was followed by improved insulin resistance, and the beneficial metabolic effects of CGH were also partly related to increases in plasma adiponectin levels. The Homeostasis Model of Assessment - Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), an index of insulin resistance, was markedly improved in the HF-CGH group compared with the HF group at 6 weeks. According to the microarray results, adipose tissue mRNA expression related to G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway and sensory perception was significantly improved after 8 weeks of CGH administration. In conclusion, the present findings suggest that dietary CGH may be effective for improving hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia and insulin resistance in diet-induced obese rats as well as appetite control in lean rats.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.420-428
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• 2015

Purpose: Purpose was to explore associations between sleep duration and metabolic syndrome (MS) risks, and to determine factors associated with self-rated health (SRH) of adults with MS compared to other adults. Methods: This is a secondary data analysis based on the Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey KNHANES V (N=12662). Study instruments included sleep duration, MS risk factors, SRH and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Results: Mean age of participants was $43.68{\pm}12.26years$. Fifty-eight percent were women, and 18.3% were identified as having MS. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and SRH were significantly different according to sleep duration (p <.05) among all participants. In the non MS group, male gender, younger age (19~30 and 41~50 age brackets) upper income level, sufficient sleep duration, and high density lipoprotein (HDL) were positively associated with SRH, whereas, lower education levels (${\leq}$ middle school), glucose level, and waist circumference were negatively associated with SRH (p <.05). In the MS group, lower income, lower education levels (${\leq}$ middle school), glucose level, and waist circumference were negatively associated with SRH, whereas, having an occupation was positively associated with SRH (p <.05). Conclusion: Results suggest that tailored approaches are required for prevention and control of MS and sleep duration of each individual should be considered rather than applying standardized guidelines. However, as sleep quality was not included in the analysis, further investigations regarding influence of sleep quality on MS and SRH and controlling for other lifestyle and health behavior factors are required.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.91-97
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• 2017

Hyperglycemia is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. It has been demonstrated that chronic exposure to high glucose impaired endothelial functions. However, specific effects of short-term exposure to high glucose on vascular reactivity are controversial. Moreover, the combined effects of other metabolic substrates such as free fatty acids (FFA) on vascular reactivity remain poorly understood. Here we investigate the effects of short-term exposure to high glucose with or without other metabolic substrates including FFAs termed "nutrition full" (NF) solution, on mesenteric (MA) and deep femoral arteries (DFA) of rats. Arterial ring segments were mounted in a double-wire myograph. Contraction in response to phenylephrine (PhE) was determined in control (5 mM) and high glucose (23 mM, HG) environments over a 30 min period. In both arteries, PhE-inducedvasocontraction was enhanced by pre-incubation of HG solution. A combined incubation with HG and palmitic acid ($100{\mu}M$) induced similar sensitization of PhE-contractions in both arteries. In contrast, high $K^+$-induced contractions were not affected by HG. Interestingly, pre-incubation with NF solution decreased PhE-induced contraction in MA but increased the contraction in DFA. In NF solution, the HG-induced facilitation of PhE-contraction was not observed in MA. Furthermore, the PhE-induced contraction of DFA was attenuated by HG in NF solution. Our results demonstrate that the sensitization of PhE-induced arterial contraction by HG is differentially affected by other metabolic substrates. The conversation of skeletal arterial contractility by HG in NF solution requires careful interpretation of the previous in vitro studies where only glucose is included in physiological salt solutions. Further studies are required to elucidate the mechanism underlying the inconsistent effect of NF solution on MA and DFA.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.23 no.8
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• pp.184-194
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between coffee intake and metabolic syndrome, which has increased the burden of social illness, based on the data of the $6^{th}$ National Health and Nutrition Survey in 2015. The subjects' coffee intake level was divided into <1 cup/a day, 1~2 cups/a day, and ${\geq}3cups/a\;day$ and the general characteristics of the subjects were examined according to the classification. The effect of coffee consumption on the risk factors of metabolic syndrome was evaluated by OR value. The age of the subjects was higher than that of the other groups in the < 1 cup/day group and the TG in the prediabetic group was above the normal level in the ${\geq}3cups/day$ group. In the normal group of blood glucose, coffee intake was the highest in <1 cup/day group and BP was significantly different according to intake. In the multiple regression analysis conducted to identify the causal relationship between the risk of metabolic syndrome and coffee intake, BP was significantly decreased in ${\geq}3cups/day$ coffee group in normal group. In order to control the level of blood lipids in pre-diabetic subjects, it is necessary to establish dietary guidelines for foods that are frequently consumed, and various situations and long-term studies are needed to determine the precise effect of coffee intake on BP.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.83-87
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• 2009

In this study, we assessed the stability and toxicological safety of Angelica gigas Nakai (A. gigas Nakai) extract, which is comprised of decursin and decursinol angelate (D/DA). D/DA was tested for mutagenicity using Ames Salmonella tester strains (TA102, TA1535, and TA1537) with or without metabolic activation (S9 mix). No increase in the number of revertants was observed in response to any of the doses tested (1.25, 12.5, 125, and $1,250{\mu}/mLg$). In addition, a chromosome aberration test was conducted in the Chinese hamster lung (CHL) cell line. To accomplish this, cells were treated with D/DA (3.28, 13.12, 52.46, and $209.84{\mu}g/mL$) or with Mitomycin C ($0.1{\mu}/mLg$) as a positive control in the case of no metabolic activation or benzo(a)pyrene ($20{\mu}g/mL$) in the case of metabolic activation. No significant increase in chromosome aberrations was observed in response to treatment with any of these concentrations, regardless of activation of the metabolic system. According to these results, we concluded that D/DA did not induce bacterial reverse mutation or clastogenicity in vitro in the range of concentrations evaluated in these experiments.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.119-119
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• 2017

Growth related to morphological and proteome response under waterlogging stress in sorghum has not yet been elucidated. Understanding how plants respond to waterlogging, the present study was conducted in seedlings leaf of the Nam-pung chal cultivar. Regarding 3-leaf stage of sorghum, stem length and plant height were slightly decreased in the treatments during ten days of waterlogging, and chlorophyll contents were also significantly different from 7 days of waterlogging treatment. The results observed from the present study were considered to be influenced by the waterlogging stress more in the $5^{th}$ leaf stage of the growth period of the sorghum, and as the waterlogging treatment progressed, the waterlogging stress gradually influenced the growth difference between the control and the treatment respectively. Using 2-DE method, a total of 74 differentially expressed protein spots were analyzed using LTQ-FT-ICR MS. Of these proteins, 45 proteins were up-regulated in the treatment group, and 32 proteins were down-regulated. Analysis of LTQ-FI-ICR MS showed that about 50% of the proteins involved in carbohydrate metabolic process, metabolic process, and cellular metabolic compound salvage were affected by stress. Malate dehydrogenase protein and Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase protein related to carbohydrate metabolic process increased the level of protein expression in both 3 and 5-leaf stage under waterlogging stress. The increased abundance of these proteins may play an active role in response to waterlogging stress. These results provide new insights into the morphological alteration and modulation of differentially expressed proteins in sorghum cultivar.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.165-175
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• 2010

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the program theory of a lifestyle intervention program for the prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome. Methods: The program evaluated is a tailored intervention for multiple health behavior associated with metabolic syndrome which is informed by theoretical constructs from the Intervention Mapping and Transtheoretical model. The program components include one-to-one health counseling, a self-management handbook, and a health diary. To evaluate program impact theory we examined the logic of program goals and objectives, intervention methods and strategies, and the theoretical constructs of program materials through document review and matrix building. Results: This evaluation has found that the intervention program applied social cognitive theory constructs to design intervention methods and strategies in addition to the Transtheoretical model: self-monitoring for goal setting and monitoring skill, outcome expectation for the benefits of health behavior change, and interaction with environment for observational learning through modeling. While the intervention addresses multiple determinants and behaviors, it is limited to an individual level and lacks social and environmental approaches. Following the Transtheoretical framework, the contents of the intervention materials were developed utilizing consciousness raising as a main strategy for earlier stages of change, and counterconditioning and stimulus control for later stages of change. Conclusion: Program theory evaluation can be a process of enhancing program validity. It would also be necessary for providing basis for efficient program implementation. When comparisons of program theory between similar programs are possible, program theory and validity will be strengthened when comparisons of program theories between similar programs are possible.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.2265-2270
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• 2016

Background: Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is one of the most frequent hematopoietic malignancies in the elderly population; however, knowledge is limited regarding the genetic factors associated with increased risk for CML. Polymorphisms affecting microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis or mRNA:miRNA interactions are important risk factors in the development of different types of cancer. Thus, we carried out a case-control study to test the association with CML susceptibility of gene variants located in the miRNA machinery genes AGO1 (rs636832) and GEMIN4 (rs2740348), as well as in the miRNA binding sites of the genes BRCA1 (rs799917) and KRAS (rs61764370). Materials and Methods: We determined the genotype of 781 Mexican-Mestizo individuals (469 healthy subjects and 312 CML cases) for the four polymorphisms using TaqMan probes to test the association with CML susceptibility. Results: We found a borderline association of the minor homozygote genotype of the KRAS_rs61764370 polymorphism with an increased risk for CML susceptibility (P = 0.06). After gender stratification, this association was significant only for women (odds ratio [OR] = 13.41, P = 0.04). The distribution of the allelic and genotypic frequencies of the four studied SNPs was neither associated with advanced phases of CML nor treatment response. Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to show a significant association of the KRAS_rs61764370 SNP with CML. To further determine such an association of with CML susceptibility, our results must be replicated in different ethnic groups.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.143-151
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• 2011

In this study, we propose a novel, intuitive method of constructing an expression quantitative trait (eQT) network that is related to the metabolic syndrome using LOD scores and peak loci for selected eQTs, based on the concept of gene-gene interactions. We selected 49 eQTs that were related to insulin resistance. A variance component linkage analysis was performed to explore the expression loci of each of the eQTs. The linkage peak loci were investigated, and the "support zone" was defined within boundaries of an LOD score of 0.5 from the peak. If one gene was located within the "support zone" of the peak loci for the eQT of another gene, the relationship was considered as a potential "directed causal pathway" from the former to the latter gene. SNP markers under the linkage peaks or within the support zone were searched for in the database to identify the genes at the loci. Two groups of gene networks were formed separately around the genes IRS2 and UGCGL2. The findings indicated evidence of networks between genes that were related to the metabolic syndrome. The use of linkage analysis enabled the construction of directed causal networks. This methodology showed that characterizing and locating eQTs can provide an effective means of constructing a genetic network.