• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.252-261
• /
• 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Although previous experimental studies reported the health benefits of foods rich in phytochemicals, few epidemiologic studies have investigated the associations between phytochemicals and metabolic disorders. This study aimed to calculate a phytochemical index (PI) and examine its association with metabolic syndrome in the Korean population. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Data of Korean adults aged ≥ 19 years who participated in the 2008-2016 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys were analyzed. The PI was calculated using 24-hour intake recall data regarding whole grains, vegetables, fruits, legumes, nuts and seeds, and soybeans and soy products. Demographic and lifestyle data were obtained using self-administered questionnaires. A multivariable logistic regression was performed to calculate the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components according to PI quintiles. RESULTS: Overall, 31,319 adults were evaluated. Compared with men, women had a higher median PI level (9.96 vs. 13.63) and significantly higher caloric intake levels from most PI components (P < 0.05), except for soy products. After adjusting for multiple confounding variables, participants in the highest PI quintile had significantly lower prevalences of abdominal obesity (OR: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.81-0.99), hyperglycemia (OR: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.74-0.94), high blood pressure (OR: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.73-0.93), hypertriglyceridemia (OR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.75-0.94), and metabolic syndrome (OR: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.69-0.88). CONCLUSIONS: Higher intakes of phytochemical-rich foods are associated with a lower prevalence of metabolic dysregulation and consequently, cardiometabolic diseases.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.2 no.3
• /
• pp.226-229
• /
• 1992

An ethanol tolerant mutant was selected by successive transfers of Clostridium thermohydrosulfuricum ATCC 33223 into the media with progressively higher ethanol concentrations. The growth kinetics of the mutant were characterized under various growth conditions. Physiological differences such as enhanced growth, tolerance to various solvents, alteration of the optimum temperature and the ratio of end products during fermentation were noticed in the mutant.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Inherited Metabolic disease
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.53-57
• /
• 2022

Congenital metabolic disorders are rare inherited disorders resulting from a defect in biochemical and metabolic pathways affecting proteins, fats, carbohydrates metabolism or impaired organelle function. Depending on the abnormality of biochemical metabolism, various precursors and their abnormal metabolites can accumulate in the body and the final products which are critical in normal physiology can be deficient, resulting in disease. Congenital metabolic disorders present complicated medical conditions involving several human organ systems, including nervous system, eyes, liver, and kidneys. Various proteins and lipids are involved in the development and homeostasis of the skin, so many congenital metabolic disorders present abnormal changes in skin and hair. In this review, congenital metabolic diseases related to amino acid and lipid metabolism accompanying skin abnormalities will be discussed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nutrition Society Conference
• /
• 2003.05a
• /
• pp.263.1-263.1
• /
• 2003

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.65 no.1
• /
• pp.63-74
• /
• 2022

Microbial dysbiosis in the gut is associated with human diseases, and variations in mucus alter gut microbiota. Therefore, we explored the effects of mucin on the gut microbiota using a community of 19 synthetic gut microbial species. Cultivation of these species in modified Gifu anaerobic medium (GAM) supplemented with mucin before synthetic community assembly facilitated substantial growth of the Bacteroides, Akkermansia, and Clostridium genera. The results of 16S rRNA microbial relative abundance profiling revealed more of the beneficial microbes Collinsella, Bifidobacterium, Ruminococcus, and Lactobacillus. This increased acetate levels in the community cultivated with, rather than without (control), mucin. We identified differences in predicted cell function and metabolism between microbes cultivated in GAM with and without mucin. Mucin not only changed the composition of the gut microbial community, but also modulated metabolic functions, indicating that it could help to modulate microbial changes associated with human diseases.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.3-10
• /
• 2014

The rapid increase in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome, which is associated with a state of elevated systemic oxidative stress and inflammation, is expected to cause future increases in the prevalence of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids and sugars produces reactive carbonyl species, which, due to their electrophilic nature, react with the nucleophilic sites of certain amino acids. This leads to formation of protein adducts such as advanced glycoxidation/lipoxidation end products (AGEs/ALEs), resulting in cellular dysfunction. Therefore, an effective reactive carbonyl species and AGEs/ALEs sequestering agent may be able to prevent such cellular dysfunction. There is accumulating evidence that histidine containing dipeptides such as carnosine (${\beta}$-alanyl-L-histidine) and anserine (${\beta}$-alanyl-methyl-L-histidine) detoxify cytotoxic reactive carbonyls by forming unreactive adducts and are able to reverse glycated protein. In this review, 1) reaction mechanism of oxidative stress and certain chronic diseases, 2) interrelation between oxidative stress and inflammation, 3) effective reactive carbonyl species and AGEs/ALEs sequestering actions of histidine-dipeptides and their metabolism, 4) effects of carnosinase encoding gene on the effectiveness of histidine-dipeptides, and 5) protective effects of histidine-dipeptides against progression of metabolic syndrome are discussed. Overall, this review highlights the potential beneficial effects of histidine-dipeptides against metabolic syndrome. Randomized controlled human studies may provide essential information regarding whether histidine-dipeptides attenuate metabolic syndrome in humans.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.23-30
• /
• 2007

The effects of high energy short wave solar radiation on human skin have received much publicity as the major cause of accelerated skin ageing and of skin cancers. To meet public demand, the cosmetic industry has developed sun protection factor products, which contain a variety of so-called "UV filters", among others benzophenone (BP) and its metabolites are the widely used UV filters. UV filters are also used to prevent UV light from damaging scents and colors in a variety of cosmetics products and to protect of plastic products against light-induced degradation. There are many variants of BP in use. In this respect, to regulate and to evaluate the hazardous effect of BP-type UV filters will be important to environment and human health. The genotoxicity of 7 BP-type UV filters was evaluated in L5178Y $(tk^{+/-})$ mouse lymphoma cells in vitro. BP, benzhydrol, 4-hydroxybenzophenone 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone and 2, 4-dihydroxybenzophenone did not induce significant mutation frequencies both in the presence and absence of metabolic activation system. 2, 2'-Dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone appeared the positive results at the highest dose, i.e. 120.4 ${\mu}g/mL$ only in the absence of metabolic activation system. And also, 2, 3, 4-trihydroxybenzophenone revealed a significant increase of mutation frequencies in the range of 138.1-207.2 ${\mu}g/mL$ in the absence of metabolic activation system and 118.3-354.8 ${\mu}g/mL$ in the presence of metabolic activation system. Through the results of MLA with 7 BP-type UV filters in L5178Y cells in vitro, we may provide the important clues on the genotoxic potentials of these BP-type UV filters.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
• /
• 2000.04a
• /
• pp.59-60
• /
• 2000

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Bioinformatics Conference
• /
• 2003.10a
• /
• pp.251-257
• /
• 2003

Metabolic engineering has become a new paradigm for the more efficient production of desired bioproducts. Metabolic engineering can be defined as directed modification of cellular metabolism and properties through the introduction, deletion, and modification of metabolic pathways by using recombinant DNA and other molecular biological tools. During the last decade, metabolic flux analysis(MFA) has become an essential tool fur metabolic engineering. By MFA, the intracellular metabolic fluxes can be quantified by the measurement of extracellular metabolite concentrations in combination with the stoichiometry of intracellular reactions and mass balances. The usefulness and functionality of MFA are demonstrated by applying to metabolic pathways in E. coli. First, a large-scale in silico E. coli model is constructed, and then the effects of carbon sources on intracellular flux distributions and succinic acid production were investigated on the basis of the uptake and secretion rates of the relevant metabolites. The results indicated that succinic acid yields increased in order of gluconate, glucose and sorbitol. Acetic acid and lactic acid were produced as major products rather than when gluconate and glucose were used carbon sources. The results indicated that among three carbon sources available, the most reduced substrate is sorbitol which yields efficient succinic acid production.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 1979

The naturally occurring coumarins are likely to be a large and important group of plant products which are not only metabolic products of the living cells but possess varied physiological and pharmacological actions. Investigations concerning various biological activities of natural coumarins have been undertaken by many investigators in continuing effort. The authors describe on experimental results of biological activities of coumarin derivatives with particular emphasis on 10 different activities that are considered to be of importance in view of the development of new drugs from natural resources.