• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• 제21권1호
• /
• pp.19-27
• /
• 1997

The present study was conducted to assess the effect of total saponins from Korean red ginseng on the biosynthesis of inositol phospholipids in vivo and also effects on the metabolic enzymes, such as phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C(Pl-PLC) and PI-kinases. The administration of 0.1% saponin solution, 0.1 ml 3 times a day intraperitoneally to 5 mice for 30 days has increased a 23% of the body weight when it compared with a control group. The amounts of 32P-phoschorus radioactivity incorporated into the phosphoinositides from the liver and brain tissues have increased a 310% and 260%, respectively, in the saponin treated mice. The activities of PI-PLC from liver and brain were stimulated in the various amounts by the conditions treated with saponins. The PI-kinases from liver and brain were also activated by saponins, but its effect was lower than that of PI-PLC. From these results, it was confirmed that red ginseng saponins have affected positively not only on the biosynthesis of phosphoinositides but also on the PI-PLC and PI-kinases related to the cellular signal transduction.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제29권2호
• /
• pp.292-296
• /
• 2019

Soils amended for long-term with high levels of compost demonstrated greater abundance of bacterial members of the phylum Bacteroidetes whereas a decreasing trend in the relative abundance of phylum Acidobacteria was noted with increasing levels of compost. Metabolic profiles predicted by PICRUSt demonstrated differences in functional responses of the bacterial community according to the treatments. Soils amended with lower compost levels were characterized by abundance of genes encoding enzymes contributing to membrane transport and cell growth whereas genes encoding enzymes related to protein folding and transcription were enriched in soils amended with high levels of compost. Thus, the results of the current study provide extensive evidence of the influence of different compost levels on bacterial diversity and community structure in paddy soils.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
• /
• 제16권3호
• /
• pp.457-462
• /
• 2007

Histone acetyltransferase (HAT) is a family of enzymes that regulate histone acetylation. Dysfunction of HAT plays a critical role in the development of cancer. Here we have screened the various plant extracts to find out the potent HAT inhibitors. The bellflower (Platycodon grandiflorum) root have exhibited approximately 30% of the inhibitory effects on HAT activity, especially p300 and CBP (CREB-binding protein) at the concentration of $100\;{\mu}g/mL$. The cell viability was decreased approximately 52% in LNCaP cell for 48 hr incubation. Furthermore, mRNA level of 3 androgen receptor target genes, PSA, NKX3.1, and TSC22 were decreased with bellflower root extract treatment ($100\;{\mu}g/mL$) in the presence of androgen. In ChIP assay, the acetylation of histone H3 and H4 in PSA promoter region was dramatically repressed by bellflower root treatment, but not TR target gene, Dl. Therefore, the potent HAT inhibitory effect of bellflower root led to the decreased transcription of AR target genes and prostate cancer cell growth with the repression of histone hyperacetylation.

• 대한유전성대사질환학회지
• /
• 제4권1호
• /
• pp.46-53
• /
• 2004

3-Methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase (MCC) is a biotin-dependent enzyme involved in leucine metabolism. We describe a patient with MCC deficiency who manifested with Reye syndrome-like illness with status epilepticus, metabolic acidosis, hypoglycemia, hyperammonemia, elevated liver enzymes and neurologic impairments after the viral gastroenteritis and then, has suffered from Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. Urinary organic acid analysis revealed increased excretion of 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid and 3-methylcrotonylglycine. This patient was managed with leucine restriction diet and supplementation of biotin and carnitine but was not so effective. He has suffered from neurologic sequelae such as Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, motor and cognitive impairement.

• 대한유전성대사질환학회지
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.126-130
• /
• 2013

Galactosemia is a metabolic disorder inherited by the recessive autosome, and appears by the deficiency of one enzyme out of GALT (Galactose-1-Phosphate Uridyltransferase), GALK (galactokinase), and GALE (epimerase) enzymes, among which the GALT deficiency disease is denominated as classical galactosemia and known to have symptoms such as severe nausea, jaundice, hepatomegaly, sucking difficulty and so on. We report the case of a 16-day-old female baby with the new p.A101D mutation together with p.N413d in the GALT gene analysis found in the neonatal screening test and diagnosed to have galactosemia by the GALT deficiency through the enzyme analysis. For the prognosis prediction, the treatment, the genetic counseling and the prenatal diagnosis of the patients, more detailed genetic diagnosis is required by performing GALT gene analysis, and it is deemed to be necessary to analyze the correlation between the phenotype and the genotype of the domestic galactosemia patients.

• 환경위생공학
• /
• 제16권4호
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2001

We have previously demonstrated that sodium molybdate(Mo) improved lead-intoxicated status by enhancing the metabolism of mao-inositol-related phospholipids in sciatic nerves isolated from rats. In this study, in order to address the reduction mechanism of Mo for lead toxicity, effects of Mo on cystidine-diglyceride transferase, phosphatidylinositol kinase, and phosphatidyl inositol-4-phosphate kinase, involved in mao-inositol metabolism of nerve, were investigated in vivo and in vitro. Mo significantly increased the activities of cystidine- diglyceride transferase and phosphatidylinositol kinase in lead-intoxicated rat, and the pattern of increase was dose-dependent manner. However, Mo did not affect the activity of phosp- hatidylinositiol-4-phosphate kinase in normal and lead-intoxicated rats. We also found that Mo affected the activities of phopholipid metabolism-related enzymes not by the indirect manner such as activation of another metabolic pathway but by the direct manner. These results suggest that the improvement mechanism of Mo for lead-intoxicated status might be a normalization of the activities of phospholipid metabolism-related enzymes in sciatic nerve.

• BMB Reports
• /
• 제32권2호
• /
• pp.140-146
• /
• 1999

When murine fibrosarcoma L929 cells, a TNF-sensitive cell line, were treated with recombinant human tumor necrosis factor-$\alpha$ (rhTNF-$\alpha$), the activities of glycolytic regulatory enzymes and lactate dehydrogenase increased up to 100-150% compared to the control L929 cells after TNF treatment. By using various metabolic inhibitors and activators, it was found that cAMP-dependent protein kinase is responsible for the increase of activities of the glycolytic enzymes. The activities of glycolytic regulatory enzymes and lactate dehydrogenase of TNF-resistant A549 cells, a human lung carcinoma cell line, did not increase significantly compared to TNF-sensitive L929 cells upon TNF treatment. In contrast, the pyruvate carboxylase activities of A549 cells, but not L929 cells, increased up to 30~40% after TNF treatment. The data suggest that pyruvate carboxylase activity may contribute to the compensation of energy loss mediated by TNF treatment in TNF-resistant A549 cells.

• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회지
• /
• 제23권1호
• /
• pp.23-29
• /
• 2003

To determine the frequencies of the genotypes of estrogen metabolising enzyme (CYP17, CYP1A1, CYP1B1, and COMT) and to identify the high-risk genotypes of these metabolic enzymes to breast cancer in Korean, the author has analysed 115 breast cancer patients and corresponding age and sex matched heathy controls using polymerase chain reaction-restiction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). A2/A2 genotype in CYP17 polymorphism, m2/m2 genotype in CYP1A1 polymorphism, and Val/Val genotype in CYP1B1 had 0.95, 1.40 and 0.76 relive risks to breast cancer comparing with reference genotypes of each polymorphism, respectively. Among the genotypes of COMT enzyme polymorphism, L/H and L/L genotypes had 0.97 and 1.54 relative risks to breast cancer, respectively. According to the number of high risk genotype, the patients with one or two putative high risk genotypes had 0.95 and 1.94 relative risks to breast cancer, respectively. This study have demonstrated the unique frequency of genotypes of estrogen metabolizing enzyme in Korean healthy women, which will provide the basic data and insights to study the estrogen related conditions in Korean women including breast and endometrial cancers. And it also indicates that the well-known high risk genotypes of estrogen metabolizing enzymes are not significantly associated with the development of breast cancer in Korean women.

• Natural Product Sciences
• /
• 제21권1호
• /
• pp.54-58
• /
• 2015

The protective effect of EtOAc fraction of Limonium tetragonum extract (EALT) against alcohol-induced hepatotoxicity was assessed following acute ethanol intoxication in Spraque-Dawley rats. EALT (200 mg/kg p.o.) was administrated once before alcohol intake (8 g/kg, p.o.). Blood ethanol concentration, and the activities of alcohol metabolic enzymes, alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) in the liver were measured. Also, the formation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activities of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px), catalase were determined after acute alcohol exposure. Pretreatment of rats received ethanol with EALT significantly decreased blood ethanol concentration and elevated the activities of ADH and ALDH in liver. The increased MDA level was decreased, and the reduced activities of SOD, GSH-px and catalase were markedly preserved by the treatment with EALT. This study suggests that EALT prevent hepatic injury induced by acute alcohol which is likely related to its modulation on the alcohol metabolism and antioxidant enzymes activities.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제26권4호
• /
• pp.710-716
• /
• 2016

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a non-protein amino acid, which is an important inhibitor of neurotransmission in the human brain. GABA is also used as the precursor of biopolymer Nylon-4 production. In this study, the carbon flux from the tricarboxylic acid cycle was directed to the GABA shunt pathway for the production of GABA from glucose. The GABA shunt enzymes succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (GabD) and GABA aminotransferase (GabT) were co-localized along with the GABA transporter (GadC) by using a synthetic scaffold complex. The co-localized enzyme scaffold complex produced 0.71 g/l of GABA from 10 g/l of glucose. Inactivation of competing metabolic pathways in mutant E. coli strains XBM1 and XBM6 increased GABA production 13% to reach 0.80 g/l GABA by the enzymes co-localized and expressed in the mutant strains. The recombinant E. coli system developed in this study demonstrated the possibility of the pathway of the GABA shunt as a novel GABA production pathway.