• Title/Summary/Keyword: Mesenchymal stem cells

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Mesenchymal stem cells and osteogenesis

  • Jung, Cho-Rok;Kiran, Kondabagil R.;Kwon, Byoung S.
    • IMMUNE NETWORK
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    • v.1 no.3
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    • pp.179-186
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    • 2001
  • Bone marrow stroma is a complex tissue encompassing a number of cell types and supports hematopiesis, differentiation of erythreid, nyel and lymphoid lineages, and also maintains undifferentiated hematopoietic stem cells. Marrow-derived stem cells were composed of two populations, namely, hematopoietic stem cells that can differentiate into blood elements and mesenchymal stem cells that can give rise to connective tissues such as bone, cartilage, muscle, tendon, adipose and stroma. Differentiation requires environmental factors and unique intracellular signaling. For example, $TGF-{\beta}$ or BMP2 induces osteoblastic differentiation of mesenchymal stem are very exciting. However, the intrinsic controls involved in differentiation of stem cells are yet to be understood properly in order to exploit the same. This review presents an overview of the recent developments made in mesenchymal stem cell research with respect to osteogenesis.

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Regeneration of Cardiovascular Tissues using Tissue Engineering and Mesenchymal Stem Cells

  • Kim, Byung-Soo
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Life Science Conference
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    • 2003.10a
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    • pp.28-37
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    • 2003
  • Tissue engineering and stem cells show potentials to restore lost or malfunctioning human tissues or organs. Another cell source for tissue engineering of cardiovascular tissues is stem cell. This study reports the development of cardiovascular tissues using tissue engineering and mesenchymal stem cells. The blood vessels and heart valves were fabricated by culturing mesenchymal stem cells on biodegradable synthetic or natural matrices. Bone marrow was isolated from dogs or rats and mesenchymal stem cells were cultured. The cells were seeded onto biodegradable synthetic or natural matrices and implanted in dogs. Histological and immunohistochemical analyses were performed to examine the regenerated cardiovascular tissues. Histological and immunohistochemical analyses showed the complete regeneration of blood vessels and heart valves. Fluorescent labeling of cells prior to implantation and fluorescence examination of the regenerated tissues revealed that the implanted cells reconstituted the cardiovascular tissues. This study demonstrates the potential of tissue engineering and mesenchymal stem cells for the regeneration of functional cardiovascular tissues or organs.

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Gene expression profile in mesenchymal stem cells derived from dental tissues and bone marrow

  • Kim, Su-Hwan;Kim, Young-Sung;Lee, Su-Yeon;Kim, Kyoung-Hwa;Lee, Yong-Moo;Kim, Won-Kyung;Lee, Young-Kyoo
    • Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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    • v.41 no.4
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    • pp.192-200
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    • 2011
  • Purpose: The aim of this study is to compare the gene expression profile in mesenchymal stem cells derived from dental tissues and bone marrow for characterization of dental stem cells. Methods: We employed GeneChip analysis to the expression levels of approximately 32,321 kinds of transcripts in 5 samples of bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) (n=1), periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) (n=2), and dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) (n=2). Each cell was sorted by a FACS Vantage Sorter using immunocytochemical staining of the early mesenchymal stem cell surface marker STRO-1 before the microarray analysis. Results: We identified 379 up-regulated and 133 down-regulated transcripts in BMSCs, 68 up-regulated and 64 down-regulated transcripts in PDLSCs, and 218 up-regulated and 231 down-regulated transcripts in DPSCs. In addition, anatomical structure development and anatomical structure morphogenesis gene ontology (GO) terms were over-represented in all three different mesenchymal stem cells and GO terms related to blood vessels, and neurons were over-represented only in DPSCs. Conclusions: This study demonstrated the genome-wide gene expression patterns of STRO-$1^+$ mesenchymal stem cells derived from dental tissues and bone marrow. The differences among the expression profiles of BMSCs, PDLSCs, and DPSCs were shown, and 999 candidate genes were found to be definitely up- or down-regulated. In addition, GOstat analyses of regulated gene products provided over-represented GO classes. These data provide a first step for discovering molecules key to the characteristics of dental stem cells.

Differentiation of Osteoblast Progenitor Cells from Human Umbilical Cord Blood (제대혈액에서 골조직 특이세포로의 분화)

  • Hong, Seung-Jin;Lee, Eun-A;Chae, Gue-Tae;Han, Hoon
    • IMMUNE NETWORK
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    • v.2 no.3
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    • pp.166-174
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    • 2002
  • Background: Human umbilical cord bloods, which could be taken during the delivery are utilized as a source of hematopoietic stem cells. Also in cord blood, there are several kinds of stem cells such as endothelial and mesenchymal stem cells. Methods: We isolated the mesenchymal stem cells from human umbilical cord bloods and confirmed the differentiation of these cells into osteoblast progenitor cells. The mesenchymal stem cells derived from umbilical cord blood have the ability to differentiate into specific tissue cells, which is one of characteristics of stem cells. These cells were originated from the multipolar shaped cells out of adherent cells of the umbilical cord blood mononuclear cell culture. Results: The mesenchymal stem cells expressed cell surface antigen CD13, CD90, CD102, CD105, ${\alpha}$-smooth muscle actin and cytoplasmic antigen vimentine. Having cultrued these cells in bone formation media, we observed the formation of extracellular matrix and the expression of alkaline phosphatase and of mRNA of cbfa-1, ostoecalcin and type I collagen. Conclusion: From these results we concluded that the cells isolated from the umbilical cord blood were mesenchymal stem cells, which we could differentiate into osteoblast when cultured in bone formation media. In short, it is suggested that these cells could be used as a new source of stem cells, which has the probability to alternate the embryonic stem cells.

Human amnion-derived mesenchymal stem cells induced osteogenesis and angiogenesis in human adipose-derived stem cells via ERK1/2 MAPK signaling pathway

  • Wang, Yuli;Chen, Xichen;Yin, Ying;Li, Song
    • BMB Reports
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    • v.51 no.4
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    • pp.194-199
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    • 2018
  • Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have shown great potential in treating bone deficiency. Human adipose-derived stem cells (HASCs) are multipotent progenitor cells with multi-lineage differentiation potential. Human amnion-derived mesenchymal stem cells (HAMSCs) are capable of promoting osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. In this study, we investigated the effect of HAMSCs on HASCs by a transwell co-culture system. HAMSCs promoted proliferation, osteogenic differentiation, angiogenic potential and adiponectin (APN) secretion of HASCs. Moreover, the positive effect of HAMSCs was significantly inhibited by U0126, a highly selective inhibitor of extracellular signaling-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. These observations suggested that HAMSCs induced bone regeneration in HASCs via ERK1/2 MAPK signaling pathway.

Human Amnion-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Protect Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells against Oxidative Stress-Mediated Dysfunction via ERK1/2 MAPK Signaling

  • Wang, Yuli;Ma, Junchi;Du, Yifei;Miao, Jing;Chen, Ning
    • Molecules and Cells
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    • v.39 no.3
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    • pp.186-194
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    • 2016
  • Epidemiological evidence suggests that bone is especially sensitive to oxidative stress, causing bone loss in the elderly. Previous studies indicated that human amnion-derived mesenchymal stem cells (HAMSCs), obtained from human amniotic membranes, exerted osteoprotective effects in vivo. However, the potential of HAMSCs as seed cells against oxidative stress-mediated dysfunction is unknown. In this study, we systemically investigated their antioxidative and osteogenic effects in vitro. Here, we demonstrated that HAMSCs significantly promoted the proliferation and osteoblastic differentiation of $H_2O_2$-induced human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (HBMSCs), and down-regulated the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level. Further, our results suggest that activation of the ERK1/2 MAPK signal transduction pathway is essential for both HAMSCs-mediated osteogenic and protective effects against oxidative stress-induced dysfunction in HBMSCs. U0126, a highly selective inhibitor of extracellular ERK1/2 MAPK signaling, significantly suppressed the antioxidative and osteogenic effects in HAMSCs. In conclusion, by modulating HBMSCs, HAMSCs show a strong potential in treating oxidative stress- mediated bone deficiency.

ENDOTHELIAL PROGENITOR CELLS AND MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS FROM HUMAN CORD BLOOD (제대혈 내피기원세포 및 간엽줄기세포의 분화에 대한 연구)

  • Kim, Eun-Seok;Kim, Hyun-Ok
    • Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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    • v.31 no.1
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    • pp.39-45
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    • 2005
  • Stem cell therapy using mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) transplantation have been paid attention because of their powerful proliferation and pluripotent differentiating ability. Although umbilical cord blood (UCB) is well known to be a rich source of hematopoietic stem cells with practical and ethical advantages, the presence of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in UCB has been controversial and it remains to be validated. In this study, we examine the presence of MSCs in UCB harvests and the prevalence of them is compared to that of endothelial progenitor cells. For this, CD34+ and CD34- cells were isolated and cultured under the endothelial cell growth medium and mesenchymal stem cell growth medium respectively. The present study showed that ESC-like cells could be isolated and expanded from preterm UCBs but were not acquired efficiently from full-terms. They expressed CD14-, CD34-, CD45-, CD29+, CD44+, CD105+ cell surface marker and could differentiate into adipogenic and osteogenic lineages. Our results suggest that MSCs are fewer in full-term UCB compared to endothelial progenitor cells.

Stem cell properties of cells derived from canine periodontal ligament (성견 치주인대세포의 줄기세포 특성 연구)

  • Kim, Kyoung-Hwa;Kim, Su-Hwan;Seol, Yang-Jo;Lee, Yong-Moo
    • Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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    • v.37 no.3
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    • pp.479-488
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    • 2007
  • In spite of the attention given to the study of mesenchymal stem cells derived periodontal ligament (PDL), there is a lack of information about canine PDL cells. In this study, we characterized canine PDL cells to clarify their stem cell properties, including self renewal, proliferate rate, stem cell markers and multipotency. PDL cells were obtained from extracted premolars of canines, following a colony forming assay and proliferation rate of sub-confluent cultures of cells for self-renewal, immunostaining for STRO-1 and CD146/MUC18 and a differentiation assay for multipotency. Canine PDL cells formed single-cells colonies and 25% of the PDL cells displayed positive staining for BrdU. The cells expressed the mesenchymal stem-cell markers, STRO-1 and CD146/MUC18. Under defined culture conditions, the cells differentiated into osteoblasts and adipocytes, but the cells didn't differentiated into chondrocytes. The findings of this study indicated that the canine PDL cells possess crucial stem cells properties, such as self-renewal and multipotency, and express the mesenchymal stem cell markers on their surface. The isolation and characterization of canine PDL cells makes it feasible to pursue preclinical models of periodontal regeneration in canine.

A method of isolation and characterization of canine endometrial-derived mesenchymal stem cells

  • Mi Kyung Park;Kun Ho Song
    • Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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    • v.46 no.2
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    • pp.157-160
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    • 2023
  • Endometrial tissue is a known source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). We isolated canine endometrial stem cells from canine endometrial tissues using an enzymatic method and confirmed the immunophenotype of mesenchymal stem cells and multilineage differentiation. Canine endometrial tissues were obtained from canine ovariohysterectomy surgery and isolated using 0.2% collagenase type I. We measured the immunophenotype of stem cells using flow cytometry. To confirm the differentiation ability, a trilineage differentiation assay was conducted. In this study, canine endometrialderived MSCs (cEM-MSCs) were isolated by enzyme treatment and showed a spindle-shaped morphology under a microscope. Moreover, cEM-MSCs showed a trilineage differentiation ability. In this study, the canine endometrium was a good source of MSCs.

Comparative characteristic study from bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells

  • Purwaningrum, Medania;Jamilah, Nabila Syarifah;Purbantoro, Steven Dwi;Sawangmake, Chenphop;Nantavisai, Sirirat
    • Journal of Veterinary Science
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    • v.22 no.6
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    • pp.74.1-74.13
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    • 2021
  • Tissue engineering has been extensively investigated and proffered to be a potential platform for novel tissue regeneration. The utilization of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from various sources has been widely explored and compared. In this regard, MSCs derived from bone marrow have been proposed and described as a promising cell resource due to their high yield of isolated cells with colony-forming potential, self-renewal capacity, MSC surface marker expression, and multi-lineage differentiation capacities in vitro. However, there is evidence for bone marrow MSCs (BM-MSCs) both in vitro and in vivo from different species presenting identical and distinct potential stemness characteristics. In this review, the fundamental knowledge of the growth kinetics and stemness properties of BM-MSCs in different animal species and humans are compared and summarized. Finally, to provide a full perspective, this review will procure results of current information studies focusing on the use of BM-MSCs in clinical practice.