• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.149-159
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• 2005

Object : The purpose of this study is to arrange the literature about a acupuncture therapy on the gatroduodenal ulcer. Methods : We arrange twenty five kinds of literature about a acupuncture therapy on gastric pain coming within the category of the gatroduodenal ulcer. Results : The cause of gastric pain is disunion of liver and spleen caused by overeating, uncontrolled emotion. The gastric pain is accompanied by lack of appetite, nausea & vomiting, belching, constipation, abdominal discomfort and so on. Therapy methods of the gastric pain are tonifying the spleen, eliminating pathological coldness and alleviation of pain, draining the liver and replenish Ki. Acupuncture point at S36, P6, CV12, B20, B21, B18, B17 used frequently for the acupuncture therapy in the order of frequency of use. Conclusions : Meridians of Conception Vessel, Stomach, Spleen, Bladder and Liver used frequently for the acupuncture therapy. The meridian used for treatment of the gastroduodenal ulcer is related to it passing by a painful place in the body.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.67-81
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• 2009

1. According to causes of attack and symptoms, tinnitus is divided into two categories; deficiency and excess. Causes of excess syndrome of tinnitus were wind fire in the liver and gallbladder, phlegm fire, blood stagnation, and heat in meridian system and the causes of deficiency syndrome of tinnitus were qi deficiency or blood deficiency after an illness or delivery, yin deficiency of liver and kidney, and deficiency of sea of the marrow. 2. Tinnitus was related to the vicera and bowels, especially to liver, gallbladder and urinary bladder. 3. In regard of method of treatment, tonify kidney, nourish heart, clear the liver and discharge heat are used according to visera and bowel theory. Clear phlegm and downbear fire are used for phlegm fire. Tonify spleen and kidney is used for ancestral vessel deficiency. Dispel wind and dissipate fire can be used according to theory of five elements' motion and six kinds of natural factors. 4. The basal meridian of acupuncture and moxibustion treatment were the channels of Shaoyang.. 5. Regarding neuropsychiatric aspect of tinnitus, sudden anger and depression of mind were the main mechanism of disease and liver fire was the main cause. The prescriptions for neuropsychiatric tinnitus were Dangguiyonghuehwan, and Yongdamsagantang.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.25-30
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• 2009

Objectives: To find the potential acupuncture points by using Trypan blue staining on the skin of rat and Nude mouse. Methods: 0.4% Trypan blue was applied to the skin of rat or Nude mouse previously treated by surfactant. Washing by warm saline was followed after enough application of trypan blue and surfactant. Frequency of Trypan blue application should be varied to the experimental animals' condition for visualizing significant spots. Results: Blue spots appeared roughly in symmetry along kidney meridian or stomach meridian. Several spots outside of kidney or stomach meridian were also observed; however, the detail stereoscopic images of those blue spots were slightly different according to the position blue-colored. DiI signals were visualized along blood vessel after DiI injection into the Trypan blue-visualized blue spots. Conclusion: Our method to visualize the potential acupuncture points as a blue spot on rat and Nude mouse skins may contribute to the next step for finding specific flowing channels among blue spots.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.81-89
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• 2015

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to explore the trends of acupoints used for lumbar HIVD(Herniated Intervertebral Disc) and treatment and anatomical location of Hwatahyeopcheock. Methods : We searched the latest clinical studies on acupuncture treatment for lumbar HIVD(Herniated Intervertebral Disc) through domestic studies search. To analyze the data, we categorized them by year and article types of literatures and investigated often-used acupoints and acupuncture types for treatment by reading treatment part of every paper searched. Domestic and Chinese literatures related to Hwatahyeopcheock were also studied for its anatomical location. Results : Total 50 articles are searched and local points are more used than distant points for lumbar HIVD(Herniated Intervertebral Disc) and most of them showed curative effects. Back-su points were used the most and Hwatahyeopcheock use accounted for one-third of the articles. In the articles of Hwatahyeopcheock use, except for one, patients complained of both low back pain and radiating pain, and all of them showed positive results after treatment. Conclusions : Back su point is considered to have its meaning as physical region where patients feel pain including herniated disc level rather than the effect meridian system makes. Through document research and meridian muscle theory, we found that Hwatahyeopcheock means vertebral facet joint, intervertebral foramen and surrounding muscle, nerve, blood vessel and related spinal nerves.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.183-194
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• 2006

The threadlike structures of fascia were examined by tight and electron microscopy. In order to distinguish its tissue organization, we used staining methods including hematoxylin-eosin, Masson's trichrome, Van Gieson's collagen fiber stain and Kluver-Barrera's luxol fast blue for nerve stain. Under the light microscope, the threadlike structures were composed of many collagen fibers and nerve. In higher magnification, they looked like as the bundle of tubular structures. Many myoid cell-spindle nuclei were observed in the tissue, which were taken from the fascia. It was identical with Bonghan duct known as one of meridian network theory. In the early 1960's the North Korean Bong-Han Kim showed the anatomical structures of the acupuncture points, and explained the meridian system as the concrete duct network system. According to Bonghan theory the Bonghan ducts spread throughout the body Because it is believed that the duct could have the role of signal pathway, the theory was reinvestigated in these days. All of the threadlike structures isolated from fascia shows the abundance of collagen fibers. The electron microscope examination (TEM) could confirm the well arranged collagen fiber and nerve. This investigation reveals that superficial Bohghan duct are nerve fiber parallel running with collagen fibers. We conjectured that the intermingled structure of collagen fiber, blood vessel and nerve fiber might have the role of meridian system. And the more, regardless of histological research, the study on collagen fiber as response transmitter in acupuncture treatment are in need.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.1-17
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• 2007

Objectives : Extra Meridians are important conception for the proper comprehension of the defensive Gi & the defensive Gi, and the principle of the Gi (氣)‘s flow or diffusion. Methods : Extra Meridians could be explained by an anatomical feature and a functional stage. We should analyze the principle of samhap (三合) to have application to meridians. The study of the relationship between Extra Meridians and regular meridians (12正經) is useful to understand origination of the defensive Gi & the nutritive Gi. Results : The origination of the nutritive Gi & the defensive Gi could be interpreted by the principle of samhap correctly. The energic patterns in the flow of Gi (氣) are changed by cooperation with Extra Meridians and regular meridians (12正經). Conclusions : We could inferred that growth, disease, health, etc are controlled in cooperation with Extra Meridians (寄經脈) and the nutritive Gi & the defensive Gi (營衛). Extra Meridians take many parts in origination of the nutritive Gi & the defensive Gi, in the flow or diffusion of them but various energies are controlled basically by regular meridians (12正經). The defensive Gi is originated by Penetration Vessel (衝脈)) and it seems to be made by the principle of samhap (三合) in the process of the nutritive Gi flow (瀯氣流注).

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.11-19
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• 2005

Objectives : This study focused on how the modem blood vessel is defined in Oriental medicine through literary investigation. Methods : Contents from 35 classical texts representing each era were analyzed for the expression of Hyeolmaek and affiliate information, as well as terms used for the current concept of blood vessel. Results : Following results were obtained through investigating literary information on Hyeolmaek. 1. In the Yellow Emperor's Classic, Hyeolmaek is associated with heart and widely used for physiological, pathological, diagnosis, and treatment purposes. 2. During the Song Dynasty, a term Cheonggeun (靑節). is used to describe the vein in the abdomen. 3. During the Ming Dynasty, terms such as Cheonggeun(靑節) and Cheongmaek(靑脈) were used. 4. The term Hyeolmaek was used inclusively for blood, blood vessels, arteries, veins, and as well as meridians.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.75-80
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• 2000

Fructus Aristolochiae has been used in Korea for many centuries as a treatment for various disease.The purpose of the present study is to determine the effect of Fructus Aristolochiae on norepinephrine(NE) induced blood vessel contraction in rabbits. Rabbit(2 kg, male) were killed by $CO_2$ exposure and a segment (8-10mm) of each rabbit was cut into equal segments and mounted in a tissue bath. Contractile force was measured with force displacement transducers under 2-3 g loading tension. The dose of norepinephrine(NE) which evoked 50% of maximal response ($ED_{50}$) was obtained from cumulative dose response curves for NE ($10^{-6}{\sim}10^{-3}M$). Contractions evoked by NE ($ED_{50}$) were inhibited significantly by Fructus Aristolochiae in abdominal aorta and femoral artery. Fructus Aristolochiae inhibited the relaxation pretreated propranolol and L-NNA in femoral artery. But Fructus Aristolochiae did not effect the relaxation pretreated ODQ in femoral artery and abdominal aorta. These results indicate that Fructus Aristolochiae can relax NE induced contraction of rabbit blood vessel selectively, and that this relaxation relates to nitric oxide synthesis and sympathetic action.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.122-130
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• 2013

Objectives : The fact that Primo vessel as a new circulatory system exists in the lymphatic vessels of the rabbits which were treated with sound wave vibration therapy is confirmed with the anatomy of rabbit. Isolated Primo vessel is investigated, particularly focused on morphological features. Methods : Before the anatomy, a rabbit in a cage box was laid on the sound wave vibrating apparatus and then is applied by various frequencies and intensities for 30 min with music that a rabbit likes. Results : Isolation and observation of Primo vessel was easier when the lymphatic circular system was applied at a certain frequency and intensity of 7 Hz and 50. The probability of observation for Primo vessel enhanced to 90%. Conclusions : The sound wave therapy by a vibration apparatus is considered necessary as major process to facilitate the reproducible isolation and observation of Primo vessel.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.65-73
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• 2004

Objective : This study was to review on the prostate disease-related studies with Acupuncture therapy in renowned medical internet site of PubMed, and to make master plan of the study, especially, on Bee Venom Acupuncture(BVA) of Prostate disease and then to devise the idealistic therapeutic ways of it. Method : We made the internet search with the key words of bee venom(bee venom therapy, apitoxin, apitherapy, bee sting, bee sting therapy), acupuncture, prostate, prostatitis, prostrate cancer in Pubmed, from June 1st to July 1st,2004. Results : 1.25 papers were found in 19 publised jounals. of which two named'Urology'and Prostate' had three papars, two called 'JUrology' and 'Cancer Immunol Immunother' had two papers, and the others had a paper respectively. 2. In the classification by papers' types, Review papers were 8 and Original were 17 where there were 5 clinical trials, 11 experimental studies and 1 epidemiologic paper. Of 5 clinical trials, 2 belonged to Randomized Control Study, and of 11 experimental studies, 4 belonged to in vitro and 7 belonged to in vivo with in viro studies, and 1 epidemeologic belonged to meta-analysis. 3. In the classification by prostate diseases, 4 were about prostatitis, 3 were about prostate related symptoms, 16 were about prostate cancer, and two were about the others. 4. In the classification by applied treatment methods, 5 were related with Acupuncture, 10 were related with BVA(Bee Venom, Bee), and 10 were related with the others. Of 5 related with Acupuncture, 3 used general acupuncture, 1 used electrical acupuncture, and 1 used general acupuncture and electrical acupuncture at the same time. 5. In 2 RCTs of Clinical trials, Control group was set up to the group using different compatible treatment method or using meridians not related with treating prostate disease. Single or double blind methods couldn't be found. 6. In the clinical trials, IPSS, NIH, CPSI or subjective global assessment were used as the Index of Evaluation. 7. The Leg Greater Yang Bladder Meridian(B), The Leg Lesser Um Kidney Meridian(K) and Conception Vessel Meridian(CV) were used as major meridians, and B10(Taejo, Dazhu), B23(Shinsu, Shenshu), B28(Panggwangsu, Pangguangshu), B35(Hoeyang, Huiyang), B39(Wiyang, Weiyang), B40(Wijung, Weizhong), B54(chilbyon, Zhibian), K1(Yongchon, Yongquan), K10(Umgok, Yingu), CV3(Chungguk, Zhongji), CV4(Kwanwon, Guanyuan),S6(Hyopko, Jiache) were used as acupoints. Electrical acupuncture(EA) was considered to be more important and CV3(Chungguk, Zhongji), CV4(Kwanwon, Guanyuan) were mainly selected as EA applied acupoints. 8. It is mostly said that Acupuncture appeared to be a safe, effective, and durable treatment alternative in improving symptoms of patients with prostate diseases, refractory to conventional medicine. A larger controlled study was required to confirm these encouraging initial results. Conclusion : Papers about BVA of Prostate cancer or Prostatitis were not found, and low permeability of Prostate is concerned, BVA with the anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer effect can be adopted as a new alternatives of Prostate disease treatment, so it is thought that Study of how to make access to prostate, animal experiment including in vivo and in vitro and more clinical trials with using acupoints on related meridian should be followed.