• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.1-11
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• 2009

Objectives : The object of this study is to investigate the balance/imbalance of skin capacitances between left and right meridians, and to analyze the change patterns of electric energy on meridians with the lapse of time. Method : Electric potential was measured on five source points (LU9, PC7, HT7, LI4, SI4) bilaterally for 4 hours. The energy balance/imbalance between left and right was investigated, and the change patterns with time were analyzed. Results and Conclusions : The amplitude of meridian energy on five source points and the energy balance/imbalance between left and right were varied in each individual. When a source point showed a balanced meridian energy bilaterally, the change patterns of meridian energy with time were similar between left and right. While, when it showed an imbalanced energy between left and right, the change patterns of meridian energy were also different between left and right. Through this study, we proposed a new diagnostic method of meridian energy.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.1-11
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• 2009

Objectives : The object of this study is measuring energy (skin capacitance) distribution on the specific acupionts and analyzing change patterns of meridian energy according to time or synchronous time. Methods : To check energy distribution using the meridian energy measurement system(DMM-1000), ten specific acupoints(ST34, ST36, ST40, ST41, ST42, ST43, ST44, ST45, BL21, CV12) were chosen. We checked the energy distribution and analyzed the change patterns before and after meal. We checked the state of the energy of ST meridian which is considered to have relation to stomach organ activity. Based on the hypothesis regarding energy difference due to Qi flowing, we compared energy potential on 10 specific acupoints. Results and Conclusions : Electric energy of each specific acupoint was different according to subjects and time. Through this study, we proposed an indispensable condition of energy difference due to Qi flowing through meridian.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.408-413
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• 2008

Human body has a complete left and right symmetry structure, and the left and right balance by Yin and Yang. When the balance is broken, the left and right Meridian becomes abnormal condition. Acupuncture is a kind of therapy to recover from energy unbalance of the left and right Meridian to a new balance condition. In the study, we observed the electric potential along the stomach meridian (ST) in order to verify the energy consensus phenomenon by transportation of bio-energy between operator and subject during acupuncture. The acupuncture effects on opposite meridian site were investigated by comparing the electric potentials between the right and left ST sites. Meridian electrical potentials (MEPs) between operator and subject were simultaneously generated during the acupuncture and the polarity of MEPs was opposite. The results might imply the bio-energy transportation between operator and subject. In addition, we observed three different patterns of MEPs on both ST sites which might represent the condition of the related meridians because meridians in the body are organically interconnected.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.335-340
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• 2016

Hydrogen production through proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) is expeditiously receiving international attention for renewable energy sources as well as energy storage system applications due to its environmentally friendly uses. A series of $Ir_{0.2}Ru_{0.8}O_2$ $Ir_{0.5}Ru_{0.8}O_2$ & $IrO_2$ catalysts were synthesized and electrochemically evaluated by using linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) technique. Furthermore, the PEMWE performances of full cells were evaluated by recording I-V Curves. The developed PEMWE stack was also operated in combination with a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) to demonstrate the discrete regenerative fuel cell (DRFC) performances. Produced hydrogen and oxygen from PEMWE were used as a fuel to operate PEMFC to establish a DRFC system.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.33-41
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• 2020

Objectives The purpose of this report was to study the circulation of meridian WiGi, YoungGi, from the viewpoint of manual medicine. Methods First, the Korean Medical approach analyzes documents about the circulation of meridian WiGi, YoungGi, and the biomechanical approach is to analyze documents about kinetic force and kinematic movement. The third inherent energy approach is to analyze documents about craniosacral rhythm and visceral motility. Finally, it is to study the correlation between the circulation of meridian WiGi, YoungGi, and the viewpoint of biomechanics force and movement, the inherent energy of manual medicine. Results Meridian WiGi is fast, powerful, and changeful. It circulates through the head and extremities in the daytime and visceral organs at night. The deviation pelvis and distorted thoracic cage create kinetic force and kinematic movement. Meridian YoungGi is very small and soft energy and circulates meridians and visceral organs permanently. Craniosacral rhythm and visceral motility radiate continuously from cranial and visceral organs to the whole body. Conclusions Circulation of meridian WiGi is closely related to the biomechanical approach. In addition, circulation of meridian YoungGi is closely related to the inherent energy approach.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.670-678
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• 2004

In oriental medicine, meridian is pathway of bio-energy, and basic an object of diagnosis/therapy. But, in western medicine, meridian has been accepted as action pathway of nerve-endocrine-immune system. Acupuncture effect has been regarded as not effect by transmission of bio-energy but action or response by stimulation. In this paper, when an acupuncturist's bio-energy is passed on(non-insulation) and when is not(insulation), we analysed electric potential on meridian/non-meridian to verify effect of acupuncture therapy. In the results, when bio-energy isn't passed on, bio-potential is reacted to only the first of 4 times acupuncture operating. But when bio-energy is passed on, it is reacted to 4 times, and potential on meridian is higher than that of on non-meridian. Electric potential for same acupuncture operating is different on non/meridians, which implies that physiological construction and bio-energy transmission material is different respectively. When is extracting acupuncture method, potential is higher than that of injection one. It implies that extracting method is more effect than injecting one, in aspect of acupuncture therapy effect. Therefore, acupuncture therapy effect is verified as effect of response by acupuncturist's bio-energy transmission rather than that by only acupuncture stimulus.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.197-209
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• 2001

In the Literal Study on the Effect of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Treatment on the Bungru, the results were as follows. 1. The Bungru means an abnormal bleeding of femail genetalia. and is devided to Bungjung and Bungha. 2. The etiological factors of Bungru are heat of blood, asthenic coldness. asthenia of chong and ren channels. deficiency of blood, deficiency of vital energy, stagnated blood. and asthenia of spleen & stomach. 3. In the frequency of practical use in Acupuncture treatment, the order was Ren channel, Bladder meridian. Liver meridian, Spleen meridian and Kidney meridian. 4. In the frequency of practical use in Moxibustion treatment, the order was Extra Points, Ren channel, Bladder meridian, Spleen meridian, Liver meridian and Kidney meridian. 5. The most using points of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Treatment on the Bungru were Samumgyo(Sp6), Taechung(Liv3), Hyoihae(Sp10), Umgok(B10), Kihae(CV6), Chung-guk(CV3), Kwanwon(CV4), Unbaek(Spl) and etc. 6. The charicteristics of the most used points were nourishing the spleen, regulating the middle warmer, cleaning the blood, promoting blood circulation, activating blood circulation, promoting the vital energy, regulating the obstruction of vital energy, nourishing the kidney and so on. 7. In the new Acupuncture therapy, Ear-acupuncture, Head-acupuncture, Foot-acupuncture and Skin-acupuncture were used.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 2004

The different growth steps of human show the different energetic phenomenon such as the strength of triple energizer, the sale of extra meridian, and the stability of 12 meridians. So we have to understand the physiological and pathological phenomena on this point of view. Especially atopic dermatitis means the loss of adaptability under the lack of genuine energy. If you approach to this disease not with any perception of excess or deficiency of the human genuine energy but with simple symptom enumeration or partial diagnosis, it will be dangerous. So we must approach to this disease with more concrete and objective body-centered standard. Thus when we cure and diagnose infants with this disease, we should focus on stablizing the "Energy of Earth(土)" digestive ability, under the consideration of inducement to the enough "Byun-Jeung-Hu(變蒸候)" and the function of Triple Energizer. Through this process we can lead infants to the beginning equipment state(始全). Until 7 years old, we should stabilize the Link Vessel(維脈) by clarifying interior and exterior classification of Nutritive Element and Defensive Energy to control the child's energy of metal(金), water(水), wood(木) and fire(火) in the basis of the energy of earth(土). And also we should stabilize the Heel Vessel(？脈) through the Water and Fire complement each other to control the movements and to control sleep and awakening. Through this process, we can lead children to the basal equipment state(本全). After then, until adolescent phase, we should control 12 meridian and 8 extra meridian by leading vital function to be harmonized and prosperous on the basis of the meridian to reach the mature equipment state(旣全). Adult atopic dermatitis should be controlled through conciliation between meridian and internal organs by differentiating male from female.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.85-93
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• 2000

We came to the conclusion after considering all the information from many kinds of books on the circulation courses, cross-link points, functions and the symptoms of disease of Chongmai. The results were as follows : 1. The Chongmai that starts from a Uterus flows to Dazhu through the inside of vertebra after joining Renmai and Duimai at Huiyin. The Chongmais up-line that comes out from Qichong into a surface of body arrives and is scattered at a chest through an abdomen. One strand of them goes upward again and is connected to a throat and lips area. After coming out from Qichong, separated down-line is divided into two parts when it arrives a inner part of a heel through the inner part of a leg. One is for an instep, the other is for the sole of a foot. 2. We call it "Sea of Twelve Meridians" or "Meridian's Sea". Because Chongmai controls all of Meridian by acquired "Basic energy" as getting Stomach's energy, Kidney's energy and air-energy, and there are responsible of physiological phenomenon control. And also we name it "Sea of Blood", because it starts from and provides a nutrition to Uterus. 3. All of these four Meridian such as Renmai, Kidney Meridian, Stomach Meridian and Spleen Meridian are ones that flow around the part of a chest and an abdomen. Chongmai makes energy and blood circulation of a chest and an abdomen be stronger and be controlled. Therefore it makes viscera, bowels and body surface be warm and given a nutrition. So Chongmai becomes "Sea of Viscera and Bowels". 4. Chongmai provides a nutrition for ligament and muscle and makes legs get warm as making energy and blood circulate from head to foot. If Chongmai is energetic, hair is completely easy to grow. 5. To see in pathological phase, Chongmais failure or weakness causes like a chest pain, stomachache, heart attack, a menstrual irregularity and sterility and so on. And also if Chongmai is damaged, it happens that giving a nutrition for lips area is stopped, and then mustache doesn't grow any more.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.159-169
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• 2005

Objectives and methods: We investigated 17 books to study symptoms, pathology and acupuncture & moxibustion treatment of Hu-Ro(fatigue). Results and Conclusions: 1. The symptoms of Hu-Ro are the deafness, the amblyopia, the mass of sweat, the stiff joint, etc. There are also symptoms such as the fever of palm and legs, avoiding cold temperature in the afternoon, the fever during night time, the stomach fullness and diarrhea, the powerlessness of limbs, red colored urine. 3. The representing pathological mechanisms of Hu-Ro are Yang-deficiency(陽虛), Yin-deficiency(陰虛), Energy(Qi)-deficiency(氣虛), Blood(Hyul)-deficiency(血虛). The other pathological mechanisms are deficiency of Liver, Heart, Spleen, Lung, Kidney and the basic Energy. 4. The fundamental treatment of Hu-Ro is "warming on worned ones(勞者溫之), supplying on damaged ones(損者益之), strengthening the weakened ones(虛卽補之)" as basis and also supplying blood with fostering spleen(養血建脾) and droping fever with clearing the clogged(降火淸鬱). 5. The meridians that could be used in acupuncture and moxibustion treatment application of Hu-Ro are the urinary bladder meridian, the conception vessel meridian(任脈), governor channel meridian(督脈), kidney meridian(腎經), liver meridian, heart meridian, spleen meridian, lung meridian, stomach meridian, small intestine meridian, gall bladder meridian, pericardium meridian and triple-warmer meridian in order of frequently refered. 6. The meridian points that could be used in acupuncture and moxibustion treatment application of Hu-Ro are Joksamni (足三里:25times), Sinsu(腎兪:20回), Bisu(脾兪:19回), Pyesu(肺兪:18回), Qihye(氣海:17回), Gohwang(膏肓:15回), Kwanwon(關元:14回), Sameumgyo(三陰交:13回), Eumgeuk(陰郄:12回), Daechu(大樞:12回), Sinmun(神門:11回), Simsu(心兪:11回), Nyegwan(內關:10回), Jungwan(中脘:10回) in order of frequently refered.