• 한국패류학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.131-141
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• 2011

패류양식장과 실내 사육수조에서 큰구슬우렁이(Glossaulax didyma didyma) 에 의해 말백합 종패와 성패를 대상으로 패각에 형성된 천공들의 형태적 특징, 천공율 및 포식률 등 여러 가지 형태수치 조사 결과자료를 비교 분석하였다. 천공 조사는 2007년 6월부터 9월까지 패류양식장과 실내 사육수조에서 수행하였다. 패류양식장에서 조사된 말백합 종패와 성패의 패각에 형성된 천공형태는 분화구형으로, 자연생태 집단을 대상으로 이미 조사된 바지락 치패와 백합 치패에서 흔히 나타나는 분화구형들과 동일한 경향을 나타내었다. 패류양식장 조사와 실내 사육수조 조사에서, 말백합 성패와 종패의 패각 위에 나타나는 천공들의 크기를 보면, 천공 외부의 외경들의 크기가 내부의 내경들의 크기 보다 더 큰 것으로 나타났다. 전반적으로 말백합 종패의 패각 위에 출현하는 천공들의 외경과 내경의 크기는 성패 패각 위에 출현하는 천공들의 크기보다 좀 더 작았다. 말백합 종패 패각 위의 천공들의 위치는 말백합 각장의 크기에 따라 넓게 다르게 나타났다. 그러나 패류양식장과 실내 사육수조 조사에서, 말백합 성패 패각 위에 출현하는 대부분 천공들의 위치 분포상은 말백합 패각의 각정 부위 가까이에 위치하였다. 전반적으로 볼 때, 패류양식장과 실내 사육수조 조사에서 천공의 외경과 내경은 말백합의 각장이 증가함에 따라 비례하여 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 실내 사육수조에서 15일간 3회에 걸쳐 천공폐사 실험을 하는 동안 저자들은 큰구슬우렁이가 말백합 종패와 성패에 천공하는 것을 확인할 수 있었으며, 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다: 패각 위에 출현하는 천공형태도 역시 분화구형을 나타내었다. 실험에 사용된 총 개체들 중 폐사된 총 개체들의 비율은 평균 41.5%이었고, 시료 총 폐사개체들 중 총 천공폐사된 개체들의 비율은 평균 47.1%이었으며, 총 개체들 중 천공되어 폐사한 개체들의 천공폐사율 (천공률) 은 평균 19.3%를 나타내었다. 큰구슬우렁이의 포식율을 조사한 결과, 포식 행동은 주간보다 야간에 좀 더 활발하게 나타났다. 특히, 말백합 종패와 성패의 경우, 큰구슬우렁이 한 개체가 말백합을 천공하여 포식하는 일간 평균 포식량을 실험결과를 토대로 산출한 결과 평균 0.5 개체로 밝혀졌다. 전반적으로 포식은 말백합의 각장과 천공복족류 (큰구슬우렁이) 의 각폭 (shell width) 에 따라 다르게 나타나는 특징을 보였다.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.61-70
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• 1985

斧足綱 數種의 蛋白質을 電氣泳動한 結果, 새꼬막과 피조개의 血漿의 蛋白質 패턴은 低分子 蛋白質에서 染色되는 强度가 약간 差異가 있으나 거의 同一하였고, 全血球의 蛋白質 패턴의 差異는 17,800 dalton의 band에서 나타났다. 그렇지만 위의 두 種의 筋內의 단백질 패턴은 거의 비슷해서 10,000$\\sim$100,000 dalton의 分子量 範圍內에서는 差異를 알아 내기가 매우 어려웠다. 그런데 대합과 비늘백합은 類緣關係가 있는 蛋白質 패턴이 많이 나타났으며 재첩은 대합이나 비늘백합과 같은 이들 두 種과 대칭이의 中間 程度에 位置하는 蛋白質 패턴을 나타내고 있었다. 본 연구에서는 Bivalvia가 함께 다 갖는 6개의 蛋白質 band들과, 꼬막과 새꼬막에서만 나타나는 4개의 特有한 蛋白質 band가 存在함이 發見되었으며 Eulamellibranchia目의 4종에 있어서 다 나타나는 2개의 protein band들 과, 대합과 비늘백합에서만 나타나는 23,000 dalton의 特有한 band도 發見되었다. 그리고 各 種마다 가지는 特有한 蛋白質 패턴의 分子量을 測定하여 比較하였다.

• 한국패류학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.149-157
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• 2011

Some characteristics of the formations of acrosomal vesicles during the late stage of spermatids during spermiogenesis and taxonomical charateristics of sperm morphology in male two species (Saxidomus purpurata and Meretrix petechialis) in the family Veneridae were investigated by electron microscope observations. In two species, the morphologies of the spermatozoa have the primitive type and are similar to those of other bivalves in that it contains a short midpiece with five mitochondria surrounding the centrioles. The morphologies of the sperm nuclear types of S. purpurata and M. petechialis in Veneridae have the curved cylindrical and cylinderical type, respectively. And the acrosome shapes of two species are the same cap-shape type. In particular, the axial filament is not found in the lumen of the acrosome of two species, however, subacrosomal material are observed in the subacrosomal spaces between the anterior nuclear fossa and the acrosomal vesicle of two species. The spermatozoon of S. purpurata is approximately 46-$52{\mu}m$ in length, including a curved sperm nucleus (about $3.75{\mu}m$ in length), a long acrosome (about $0.40{\mu}m$ in length),and a tail flagellum (about 45-$47{\mu}m$ long). And the spermatozoon of M. petechialis is approximately 47-$50{\mu}m$ in length including a slightly curved sperm nucleus (about $1.50{\mu}m$ in length), an acrosome (about $0.56{\mu}m$ in length) and tail flagellum (44-$48{\mu}m$ in length). In two species, the axoneme of the sperm tail flagellum of each species consists of nine pairs of microtubules at the periphery and a pair of cental doublets at the center. Therefore, the axoneme of the sperm tail flagellum shows a 9 + 2 structure. In particular, taxonomically important some charateristics of sperm morphologies of two species in the family Veneridae are acrosomal morphology of the sperm, The axial filament is not found in the acrosome as seen in a few species of the family Veneridae in the subclass Heterodonta. The acrosomal vesicle is composed of right, left basal rings and the apex part of the acrosomal vesicle. In particular, right and left basal rings show electron opaque part (region), while the apex part of the acrosomal vesicle shows electron lucent part (region). These charateristics belong to the subclass Heterodonta, unlikely a characteristic of the subclass Pteriomorphia showing all part of the acrosome being composed of electron opaque part (region). Therefore, it is easy to distinguish the families or the subclasses by the acrosomal structures. The number of mitochondria in the midpiece of the sperm of S. purpurata and M. petechialis in Veneridae are five. However, the number of mitochondria in the midpiece of the sperm in most species of Veneridae in the subclass Heterodonta are four. Therefore, the number of mitochondria of the sperm midpiece of two species are exceptionally 5, and it is only exceptional case in the species in Veneridae in the subclass Heterodonta. Except these cases, the number of mitochondria in the sperm midpiece in all families in the subclass Heterodontaare are 4, and now widely used in taxonomic analyses.

• 한국패류학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.317-326
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• 2010

The availability of fast and inexpensive sequencing technology has enabled researchers around the world to conduct many genome sequencing and expressed sequence tag (EST) projects of diverse organisms. In recent years, whole genome projects have been undertaken to sequence ten species from the phylum Mollusca. These include Aplysia californica, Lottia gigantea, Crassostrea virginica, Spisula solidissima, Mytilus californianus, Biomphalaria glabrata, Crepidula fornicata, Elysia chlorotica, Lottia scutum and Radix balthica. Additionally, complete mitochondrial genomes of 91 mollusks have been reported. In Korea, EST projects have been conducted in nine mollusk species that include Nesiohelix samarangae, Pisidium (Neopisidium) coreanum, Physa acuta, Incilaria fruhstorferi, Meretrix lusoria, Ruditapes philippinarum, Nordotis gigantea, Crassostrea gigas and Laternula elliptica. Finally, the mitochondrial genome projects from the Pacific Oyster (Crassostrea gigas) and the rock shell (Thais clavigera) have been conducted and reported. However, no systemic mollusk genome project has so far been conducted in Korea. In this report, the current status and research trends in mollusk genome study in Korea will be discussed.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제53권2호
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• pp.244-250
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• 2020

Microplastic pollution in the marine ecosystem has been emerged as a global issue. In this study, we investigated the abundance of microplastics from clam Meretrix lusoria, blood arkshell Scapharca broughtonii, and warty sea squirt Styela clava obtained from a local market in Busan, Korea. The marine organisms were digested in 10% KOH, and were incubated at 40℃ and 150 rpm, for 7 days. The digest was filtered through standard sieve (5 mm, 1 mm, 300 ㎛, and 100 ㎛), and mciroplastics were identified using a light microscope and microFT-IR. The abundance of microplastics of clam, blood arkshell, warty sea squirt was 0.08 items/g, 0.05 items/g, and 0.12 items/g, respectively. The predominant microplastic size was in the range of 100-300 ㎛, occupying 48%, and the predominant type was fiber. The composition of microplastics was mostly rayon, semi-synthetic cellulosic material and polyester, which are main component of fabric and textile. We strongly believe that this preliminary work may provide useful information for the establishment of the standardized analysis method of microplastics ingested by marine organisms.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.75-80
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• 2007

백합과(科)에 속하는 유용패류인 살조개, 바지락, 백합, 개조개 및 가무락조개 등 5종간의 아미노산 조성과 그에 따른 유연관계를 밝히고자 하였다. 백합과(科) 5종의 주요아미노산 구성은 ureanine, taurine, proline, glycine, alanine, arginine 등으로 나타났다. 백합과(科) 5종간 아미노산 함량으로 유사도를 분석한 결과 살조개와 바지락간에는 0.89, 가무락조개와 백합간에는 0.94, 개조개는 살조개와 바지락간에 0.88을 보였으며, 가무락조개와 백합, 살조개, 바지락 및 개조개간에는 0.52의 유사도를 보였다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.708-715
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• 2003

Species composition and distribution patterns of shellfish were investigated in Eoeun and Geojeon tidal flat located in the Saemangeum area on the west coast of Korea from May to October 2000. Nineteen species of shellfish were collected in Geojeon tidal flat. The samples in number of individuals included Umbonium thomasi $(90.0\%)$ and Mactra veneriformis $(5.0\%).$ In Eoeun tidal flat, ten species of shellfish were collected and the dominant species in number of individuals were Potamocorbula amurensis $(55.0\%)$ and U. thomasi $(18.6\%).$ These results were compared with previous studies conducted before the beginning of reclamation in Saemangeum. Compared with the results from 1988, a change In species composition was observed. Laternula flexuosa and Nuttallia olivacea appeared, while Mactra chinensis and Coelomactra antiquata disappeared in the deposition area in Geojeon tidal flat. In the erosion area of Eoeun tidal flat, M. veneriformis and Meretrix lusoria appeared, while Cyclina sinensis disappeared. Based on a cluster analysis, the shellfish community in Eoeun tidal flat was classified into three station groups based on sediment types. Geojeon tidal flat was also classified into three station groups. The distribution of shellfish in the Saemangeum area was closely related to the sediment types.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.15-25
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• 1972

Korean aconitum (Aconitum koreanum R. Raymond) as one of the botanical crude drugs which pertain to helleboraceae has been extensively applied in Chinese medicine during the past decades. It has been particularly used in immortal tonic among the folk remedies in China, however, its general uses comprehend diuresis, cardiotonic, analgesia, neuralgia, gout and, furthermore, even neoplastic effect. The components of aconitum have been acknowledged as aconitine, mesaconitine, hypaconitine, aconine and so on. The main ingredient, aconitine has the advantage of causing the atrial fibrillation, but, its pharmacological research has not been fully elucidated. Although there are many reports with regard to the pharmacological effects on the motility of several animal hearts, their conclusions have not been regretfully coincided yet. The authors hereby paid attention to this point of view and made experiment to examine the relationship between the alcohol extract of Korean aconitum and the motility of the isolated clam heart, making the use of several drugs related to the heart such as serotonin, acetylcholine, pilocarpine, physostigmine, barium chloride, procaine and quinidine. The cardiac movement of the isolated clam (Meretrix lusoria) heart in the standard sea water solution was recorded with the electric kymograph according to the Magnus method. The results of the experiment are as follows. 1. The motility of the isolated clam heart represents the tendency of gradual inhibition in proportion to the concentration of AK-A $10^{-4}$, $5{\times}10^{-4}$, and $10^{-3}$. 2. The cardiac inhibitory effect of AK-A $10^{-3}$ antagonizes the motility of the isolated clam heart pretreated with serotonin $10^{-6}$. 3. The cardiac inhibitory effect of AK-A $10^{-3}$ antagonizes the systolic state appealed by barium chloride $10^{-3}$. 4. The systolic state caused by quinidine $10^{-4}$ is not inhibited by AK-A $10^{-3}$.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.137-142
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• 1992

1987년 7월부터 9월에 걸쳐 군산만에서 서식하는 세 종류의 패류로부터 장염비브리오의 분포를 조사하여 그 분리 균주에 대한 형태학적, 생화학적 및 혈청학적 실험으로 얻은 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 총 1,350 시료의 패류로부터 41균주(3%)의 장염비브리오가 분리되었다. 2.장염비브리오의 분리율은 각각 7월 3%, 8월에 3.8% 그리고 9월에 2.2%이었다. 3. 장염비브리오의 비득지(12균주)와 계화도 (9균주)보다 군산 (20균주)에서 빈도가 높게 분리되었다 . 4. 장염비브리오는 다른 패류부터 굴에서 더 높은 빈도로 분리되었다. 5. Kanagawa 용혈반응은 전 균주가 음성이었다. 6. K 다가 항 혈청에 양성을 보인 6균주가 K IV와 VII인자형이 각각 1주 , K V와 VI 인자형이 각각 2주였다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.23-30
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• 2021

To examine the optimal temperature, light intensity, and shell-type for shell-living conchocelis production, we tested the shell infiltration of free-living conchocelis fragments under various environmental conditions. Under a combination of various temperatures (10, 15, 20, 25 and 30℃) and light intensities (1, 5, 10, 20, 40, and 80 μmol m-2 s-1), the optimal infiltration conditions of the evaluated three Pyropia species were 20-25℃ and 5-80 μmol m-2 s-1 for P. yezoensis, 20-30℃ and 20-80 μmol m-2 s-1 for P. seriata, and 20-25℃ and 20-80 μmol m-2 s-1 for P. dentata. The infiltration efficiency of free-living conchocelis for different shell types was greater in Korean and Chinese oyster Crassostrea gigas shells than that in scallop Argopecten irradians and clam Meretrix lusoria shells. These results suggest that oyster shells are suitable substrates for shell-living conchocelis production. In conclusion, the present results for optimal infiltration conditions for free-living conchocelis of the three examined Pyropia species will contribute significantly to the production of stable shell-living conchocelis.