• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.02b
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• pp.380-385
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• 2008

To perform the navigation functions more efficiently, the navigation menu structure should be provided easy to understand to the driver in the vehicle environment that is restricted by driving workload, According to these conditions, to design better navigation interface, it is important to study on the navigation menu structure that is depend on the screen size and the information width and depth. Therefore, in this study we provided the different menu structures of 7-inch touchscreen LCD and 4-inch touchscreen LCD to the driver respectively in the driving simulator. Then, we compared the preference of each menu structures with the different touchscreen LCD.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.771-782
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• 2010

Today, the number of elderly drivers who use navigation is increasing with the growing number of elderly drivers. The purpose of this study is to provide guidelines on the interface of car navigation for elderly users. To extract significant factors which were distinguished between young and elderly users, both young and elderly users executed the driving test by installing two car navigation alternatives. The analysis was conducted through t-test. The results show that significantly different factors were the number and the meaning of the menu items in the initial screen, the location and the meaning of the menu icons in the map screen, the ease of search of the menu and the text size in the menu screen. Improvements for the factors of the initial screen and map screen were made with reference to ergonomic guidelines, and suggested through experiments comparing design alternatives for the menu screen. Design alternatives were made through a combination of investigative variables, and the analysis was conducted through ANOVA. The results show that Alternative 7 (the location of the tab was placed at the bottom, menu representation was done with the text font size of 18pt and the location of menu navigation icons was shown at the upper left) was preferred in terms of user's preference and the execution time. So if the suggested menu for elderly users are added to the existing design, both users will satisfy their desires. The guidelines suggested in this study will help the designer of car navigation take elderly users into consideration.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Design Studies Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.26-27
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• 2000

우리들은 흔히 레이아웃에서의 그래픽적인 아름다움이나 플래시 무비, 쇽웨이브 무비 등과 같이 동영상적 재미요소가 적절히 적용된 웹사이트를 잘 만들어진 웹사이트라 여기고, 이와 같은 기준을 웹사이트를 평가하는 중요한 기준으로 여기고 있다. 물론, 위와 같은 기준이 웹사이트를 평가하는 중요한 요소임에는 틀림없지만, 여기서 우리는 또 다른 기준의 하나인 "메뉴 네비게이션(Menu Navigation)"이라는 아주 중요한 요소에 대하여 대뤄보고자 한다.(중략)

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.189-198
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• 2013

Objective: This research was carried out to study the menu type design of instrument cluster IVIS(In Vehicle Information System) for efficient navigation under deconcentrated situations. Background: A driver controls the IVIS menu using the rest of cognitive resources while driving a car. Although a driver controls the IVIS using extra cognition resources, his or her distraction can still cause some safety problems while driving. Menu type design of instrument cluster is absolutely important for safe and efficient navigation. Method: Four menu types including paging, flow, icon, and list type were identified through reviewing the existing IVIS of vehicle and the menu structure of cellular phone. Four menu types were evaluated through experiment. The experiment consisted of primary and secondary task, which the primary task was to simulate a driving and the secondary task was to control an IVIS menu prototype. Task performances, menu type preferences, and eye-movement patterns were measured in this experiment. Results: The result shows that icon type was the best design in aspect of task performance and preference. A clue for next menu item provided a positive effect for efficient menu navigation. It was identified that most of subjects gazed the middle-top area of IVIS screen from eye-movement pattern. Conclusion: A basic design of Instrument Cluster IVIS was proposed considering the result of this study in the final. Application: The results of this study can be effectively used in the design of Instrument Cluster IVIS.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.69-80
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to investigate factors that affect menu navigation time and consumer trust in food and beverage(F&B) restaurants to analyze the menu's effect on impulse buying behavior. Based on the results of the analysis, this paper derives theoretical and practical implications to improve the growth and development of F&B restaurants located in airports. According to empirical analysis, it was proven menu browsing time has been found to strongly influence passengers' impulsive order behavior. A passenger with a strong "consumption ability" navigates the menu for a longer period, which increases the likelihood of impulsive purchases. Service appeal also has a significant influence on menu navigation time. Third-party certification did not appear to help build passenger confidence, thus yielding contradictory results compared to previous studies. Word of mouth had the strongest influence on trust formation. Finally, when passengers were satisfied with the menu items of F&B restaurants they had previously ordered, they tended to believe that the menu items they had not tried would also be good. In sum, impulsive menu orders have a direct impact on the profitability of F&B restaurants.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 1995.04a
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• pp.534-544
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• 1995

Many electronic products employ menu-driven interfaces for user-system dialogue. Unlike the software user interfaces, a small single-line display, such as a Liquid Crystal Display, is typically used to present menu items. Since the display can show only a single menu item at a time, more serious navigation problems are expected with single-line display menus(SDM). This study attempts to provide a set of unique guidelines for the design of the SDM based on empirical results. A human factors experiment was conducted to examine the effects of four design variables: menu structure, user experience, navigation aid, and number of targets. The usability of design alternatives was measured quantitatively in four different aspects, which were speed, accuracy, inefficiency of navigation, and subjective user preference. The analysis of variance was used to test the statistical effects of the design variables and their interaction effects. A set of design guidelines was drawn from the results which can be applied to the design of human-system interfaces of a wide variety of electronic consumer products using such displays. Since more generalized guidelines could be provided by constructing prediction models based on the empirical data, some powerful performance models are also required for the SDM. As a preliminary study, a survey was done on the performance models for ordinary computer menus.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.02b
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• pp.376-379
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• 2008

People are experiencing severe navigation problems in mobile site Relatively limited research, however, has been conducted on mobile site navigation compared to web site navigation. This research aims to identify efficient mobile site navigation aids for timely preferred contents. It proposed timely menu system based on statistic data, and evaluates its efficiency through commercial beta test. We conducted a beta test in the fourth quarter of the year 2007. The total number of user is 12,000. The average number of PV (page view) by the experimental group was increased to 10% more than control group. Our results indicate that timely menu system helps people navigate mobile menu system more effectively.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.02a
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• pp.903-908
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• 2007

휴대용 모바일 디바이스의 입력 장치로는 스타일러스나 터치 스크린의 채용이 가장 일반적이나, 이들 방식을 사용하기 위해서는 사용자는 두 손을 모두 사용해야 하는 불편함이 있다. 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위해 가속도나 자이로 센서를 이용한 tilt navigation이 많은 관심을 받고 있다. Tilt navigation은 한 손으로 모바일 디바이스를 잡고 기울임으로써 원하는 기능이나 항목을 선택할 수 있는 장점이 있으나, 사용자에게 익숙하지 않아 아직 보편화 되지 않고 있다. 본 연구는 tilt navigation에서 사용자가 원하는 메뉴나 항목을 보다 쉽게 찾아 갈 수 있도록 메뉴 또는 항목 간의 이동 속도를 제어하는 알고리즘을 제안하고자 한다. 제안하는 알고리즘은 목표 항목을 찾아 가는 과정에서 과거의 기울임 정보를 바탕으로 목표 아이템이 존재하는 범위를 설정하고, 항목 간의 이동 속도를 범위의 크기에 비례하도록 설정하여 사용자가 목표 아이템을 보다 편리하게 찾고 선택할 수 있도록 한다. 또한 본 연구에서는 가속도 센서를 장착한 PDA를 이용하여 기존의 tilt navigation과 제안하는 알고리즘이 적용된 tilt navigation과의 목표 아이템을 찾아가는데 걸리는 소요 시간을 비교하여, 제안하는 알고리즘의 효과를 보이고자 한다.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.9-21
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• 2004

As menu structure of household appliance is complicated, user's cognitive workload frequently occurs errors. In existing studies, errors didn't present that interpretation for cognitive factors and alternatives, but are only considered as statistical frequency. Therefore, error classification and analysis in tasks is inevitable in usability evaluation. This study classified human error throughout information process model and navigation behavior. Human error is defined as incorrect decision and behavior reducing performance. And navigation is defined as unrelated behavior with target item searching. We searched and analyzed human errors and its causes as a case study, using mobile phone which could control appliances in near future. In this study, semantic problems in menu structure were elicited by SAT. Scenarios were constructed by those. Error analysis tests were performed twice to search and analyze errors. In 1st prototype test, we searched errors occurred in process of each scenario. Menu structure was revised to be based on results of error analysis. Henceforth, 2nd Prototype test was performed to compare with 1st. Error analysis method could detect not only mistakes, problems occurred by semantic structure, but also slips by physical structure. These results can be applied to analyze cognitive causes of human errors and to solve their problems in menu structure of electronic products.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.104-113
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• 2016

A new design method for multi-functional pull-down menu based on stacking rules is proposed. The importance of a design point of view has been emphasized in many previous studies on web navigation. Taking technical aspects with an emphasis on programming techniques into consideration in this paper, multiple elements, which are used for constructing main menu of the pull-down menu, are capable of performing their unique functions independently in addition to basic classification function by disposing them to separated layers using stacking rules. Furthermore, the improvement of visual effects and efficiency for information navigation can be expected by implementing submenu selection-bar using animation techniques and function to automatically search submenu item. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is identified by implementing multi-functional pull-down menu using CSS and jQuery.