• 산업공학
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.17-25
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• 2009

In mobile device's user interface, menu organization is very important as well as menu structure because small display of mobile device. Menu items should be organized based on user knowledge structure to design user-centered interface. Traditionally, MDS (Multidimensional Scaling) have been most often used to expose users' perceived organization of menu items. But, information that MDS reveals is just relative spatial location of concepts and not relevant to concepts connection. Unlike MDS, Trajectory Mapping explicitly finds users' cognitive links between perceived concepts. This study proposes a Trajectory Mapping technique for eliciting knowledge structure, especially a set of cognitive pathways linking menu items, from end user. With twelve participants, MDS and Trajectory Mapping were conducted using cellular phone's menu items. And user knowledge structure was analyzed through Visual Concept Map that combination of results of MDS and Trajectory Mapping. After then, menu items were organized according to users' perceived organization. Empirical usability test was also conducted. The results of usability test showed that usability, in terms of task performance time, number of errors, and satisfaction, for newly organized interface was significantly improved compare to original interface. The methodology of this study is expected to be applicable to design a user-centered interface. In other words, Trajectory Mapping technique can be used as a design tool of user interface for imposing user knowledge structure on the interface.

• 한국경영과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한산업공학회/한국경영과학회 1994년도 춘계공동학술대회논문집; 창원대학교; 08월 09일 Apr. 1994
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• pp.93-102
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• 1994

An experiment was conducted to provide guidelines for the design a menu on a limited screen space. Printers, facsimiles, copiers, etc. usually employ a small LCD, which provides either 8 or 16 characters to present functions and system status. Menu type, menu structure, and experience in menu structure were manipulated by using a within-subjects experimental design. The results imply that design recommendations for a menu on a limited screen space should be different from those for an ordinary CRT screen.

• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.17-26
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• 2004

In this study, the usability evaluation of a menu-structure was performed using spreading activation model with respect to human's memory retrieval. Spreading Activation Model is effectively used to understand the process of information retrieval, so it can be used as a theoretical background for modeling of the process of human's information retrieval. For spreading activation test (SAT), subjects were presented with 67 pairs of menu titles, which consist of a menu title in the high level menu item and a menu title for the next lower level menu item, from Korea University's web site. For performance tests, three scenarios were developed with longer reaction times and ambiguous associations found in the SAT to reflect the existing problems of the website. As a result, the SAT was found to bean effective tool to enhance the website usability because the SAT could bea substitute for the performance test with a high correlation $({\rho}=0.735,\;{\alpha}=0.05)$. After remaining menu titles with slow reaction times and ambiguous associations found in SAT, the website usability was significantly improved with faster reaction times and less ambiguous associations proven with smaller number of web-page visits. Therefore, the SAT could be used as a methodology to design and evaluate the user-centered menu structure related to human's association structure.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2009

As products are getting more diverse and new products are entering the market faster, customers have trouble learning how to use them. User-oriented menu structures may solve this problem. In order to design user-oriented menu structures, spreading activation theory has been studied. The spreading activation test shows that the strong associative relationship between words has shorter response times. Based on the spreading activation test, asymmetric spreading activation was introduced and a hypothesis that in a well-designed menu structure, association between upper-low menu pairs is not affected by an activation direction was tested for this study. In this study the menu of a cellular phone (Model: SPH-w2900) was extracted, and underwent 1st spreading activation tests. Then, on each menu pair, response time differences (asymmetric transition) by accuracy and directions were analyzed to find out problems in labels and improve menu structures and vocabulary. Second spreading activation tests were conducted to check whether asymmetric transitions decreased. The results showed that response time differences (asymmetric transition) for activation directions were found to be dropped significantly. Asymmetric transitions in spreading activation presented in this study will be helpful to define user-oriented menu structures.

• 대한인간공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한인간공학회 1995년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.214-218
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• 1995

A lot of design guidelines have been proposed for menu-drive interfaces, but they are applicable only to the menus on ordinary CRT displays. Many hardware products, however, cannot employ large displays because of the cost and space limitations. Instead, a single-line display menu (SDM) is widely used, and the designers need useful guidelines applicable to the SDM. A focus is often placed upon the optimal menu structure, but only the standard menu structures, such as $64^{\1}, 8^{\2}, 4^{\3}, and 2^{\6}$, are tested for optimality. In many cases, however, ill defined or asymmetric structures are suggested as design alternatives. To determine the optimal menu structure, user performance should be obtained in terms of quantitative measures for each of the optional structures considered. Hence, a model is needed to provide a predicted value of user performance for a given menu structure. Although severaal models have been proposed for ordinary menus, none is available for the SDM yet. A performance model was developed in this study using the neural network approach. A The model developed in this study is capable of providing quantiative measures of human performance for any menu structures without conducting additional experiments, which will save much time and reduce the design cost.

• 정보관리학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.137-161
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• 2002

본 연구의 목적은 대학도서관 웹사이트의 효율적인 이용을 위하여 웹사이트 메뉴구조와 용어를 제안하는데 있다. 메뉴구조는 7가지의 웹사이트 메뉴패턴을 기준으로 분석하였고, 용어는 빈도순에 의한 항목을 분석하였다. 메뉴구조의 분석결과는 전반적으로 2가지 이상의 메뉴구조를 혼합하여 사용하고 있었고, 구조패턴은 <테이블>과 <프레임 + 테이블> 메뉴패턴이 유리한 것으로 나타났다. 메뉴에 사용된 용어는 다양하게 나타나고 있어서 체계적인 재분류와 절제된 표현이 요구된다. 본 연구의 결과는 도서관 웹사이트 제작자와 일선 사서들의 메뉴구조와 용어선정 문제에 도움을 주고, 이용자에게 도서관이 제공하는 서비스의 개념적 혼동과 이해부족 문제를 해소할 것으로 기대 된다.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국HCI학회 2008년도 학술대회 2부
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• pp.380-385
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• 2008

자동차 환경에서 운전자가 주행 Workload라는 Main Task의 제약조건 하에서 Navigation의 효율적인 수행을 위해서는 Navigation에서 제공하는 기능들에 대한 빠른 이해가 필요하며, 이에 부합하는 Navigation Interface 설계를 위해 Navigation의 Screen Size의 제약 조건 하의 Menu Structure의 Width와 Depth 기반의 정보량의 수준과 이에 따른 Menu Structure Type의 연구가 중요한 Issue로 여겨지고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 운전 상황과 유사한 환경을 구축하여 Navigation의 7인치와 4인치의 터치 스크린 기반의 Interface 환경에서 운전자에게 각각 다른 Menu Structure를 제시하고, 수행도와 선호도를 비교하였다.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.27-45
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• 2003

PDAs(Personal Digital Assistants), one of the typical mobile devices, are examined in this study to identify the factors affecting their usability. This study focuses on the menu design of PDAs. Three factors including menu extension method, menu structure, and screen orientation were manipulated in a usability experiment. Task completion times, error rates, and degree of subjective satisfaction were measured. Guidelines for designing a PDA menu are proposed based on the experimental results.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.101-107
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• 2000

This study reviews several database menu structure for pc communication services to examine the efficiency of database menu structure. Database menu systems of 5 major pc communication companies were analyzed by GOMS methodology, a description of the knowledge that a user must have in order to carry out tasks on system. Also, each database access time of 4 pc communication companies were measured with internet pc environment in laboratory. It is recommened that another menu design strategies (for example, broad-shallow rather than narrow-deep) should be adopted because current menu structures have inefficient procedures to access those database.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.39-46
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• 2010

The growth of function in vehicle needs complex display and control system, the In-Vehicle Information System(IVIS). Although current IVISs are widely implemented in commercial vehicles, a new form of IVIS has been recently studied in order to reduce drivers' workloads. The purpose of this study is to suggest an appropriate menu structure of a new type IVIS, to be implemented on the instrument cluster panel, using Taguchi's parameter design. In the research, firstly, functions were selected that are appropriate to control through the instrument cluster among existing functions of current IVISs by quantitative evaluation of ergonomic principles. Then, menu structure alternatives were extracted by investigating priorities to those functions selected. Finally, menu structure alternatives were evaluated through an experiment and suggest the most appropriate one by applying Taguchi's parameter design. Taguchi method was used not only for planning an experiment but also evaluating alternatives. SN ratios were a key value to evaluate the alternatives and to find the most proper one. Through the research, the most appropriate menu structure for the instrument cluster IVIS was finally suggested among the alternatives and it is expected that the results of this research could provide a guideline to the instrument cluster IVIS.