• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.75-83
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• 1990

The purpose of this study was to determine if any differences exist in eye contact before and after vestibulaar stimulation in mentally retarded children. The subjects of this study were 20 mentally retarded children with a mean age of 9 years and 8 months and a mean intelligence quotient of $30.4{\pm}9.1$. Vestibular stimulation was given for 15 minutes, 5 times a week, for 4 weeks from September 1 to September 30, 1989. Equipment used included a rocking-horse, see-saw and scooter board. Two testers used a digital watch calibrated to 1/100 second to measure object-eye contact duration and the Blocks and Shapes test for determining frequency of object-eye contact in the subjects. The results of this study were as follows : 1. There was a significant prolongation in the duration of eye contact after 15 minutes of vestibular stimulation (p<0.005). 2. There was no significant difference in duration of eye-object contact between the first and last vestibular stimulation. 3. There was no significant difference in the length of time of attention paid to objects (frequency of eye-object contact) before and after 15 minutes of vestibular stimulation on the first vestibular stimulation. 4. There was no significant difference in the frequency of eye-object contact between the first and first vestibular stimulation. In conclusion, there was u significant improvement in duration of eye-object contact on intrasession measurement in mentally retarded children. However, there was no significant improvement over time after 4 weeks of vestibular stimulation on intersession measurement. Nor was there any statistically significant improvement in frequency of eye-object contact over time during the study period.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.116-132
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• 2002

In the management of the child with mental retardation, the physical therapist is challenged to use various skills. The many complex and persistent difficulties encountered by retarded children often require innovative methods physical therapy. These methods must incorporate not only he basic principles of physical therapy, but also an understanding of the teaching and learning as they relate to the mentally retarded person. Movement Play needs to parents and other professionals requires not only technical expertise on the part of the therapist, but also psychosocial skills and the ability to be a sensitive listener and teacher. We can help the mentally retarded child strive to attain goals in life.

• 디자인학연구
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.189-198
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• 2001

본 연구는 정신지체 장애인들의 인지-지각적 특성에 따라 컴퓨터 인터페이스를 최적화 시켜 그들의 정보처리를 극대화시킬 수 있는 디자인 요소를 밝히고, 그러한 디자인 요소 혹은 차원으로 자극이 컴퓨터 모니터에 제시되는 위치, 크기 그리고 이동거리를 변화시켜 그에 따른 자극 탐지 수행을 측정하고자 하였다. 실험 1에서는 자극이 가지는 정보량(0, 1, 그리고 2 비트)과 자극 이동거리(8, 10, 12, 그리고 16 픽셀)에 따른 정상집단과 정신지체아 집단의 민감도(d') 차이를 분석하였고, 실험 2에서는 각 정보량 상황에서 자극의 크기(5, 10, 15, 그리고 20 픽셀)와 이동거리에 따른 민감도 차이를 측정하였다. 또한 실험 3에서는 자극 제시위치(좌/상, 좌/하, 우/상, 그리고 우/하)에 따른 민감도의 차이를 살펴보았다. 각 실험에서 피험자들은 목표자극을 탐지하였을 때, 반응키를 신속하게 누르도록 지시를 받았다. 실험 결과는 정보량이 적고, 자극의 움직인 이동거리가 크며, 자극의 크기가 클수록 정신지체아의 민감도는 더 높은 것으로 나타났다 또한 자극이 화면의 좌측 상단에서 제시되었을 때의 민감도가 가장 높았으며, 우측하단에서 제시되었을 때 가장 낮았다. 이러한 결과들은 디자인 요소 중, 자극의 이동거리와 크기를 적절히 증가시킴으로써 정신지체인의 주의집중을 높이고 그로 인한 정보처리를 상승시킬 수 있음을 시사한다. 또한 무관자극이 없는 정보량 0비트의 전범위 주의탐색상황과 자극이 화면의 좌측상단에 제시되어질 때, 정신지체아는 보다 쉽게 정보를 인식할 수 있을 것이다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.628-638
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• 2002

The handicapped frequently suffer from inappropriate food intake often resulting in overweightness, malnutrition, and poor growth and development. Our study was done on 7 to 12 year old mentally retarded children attending a special education school in Seoul. We administered questionnaire surveys and 3-day dietary recalls of the subjects, with help when needed from their stay-at home or their care-giving teachers. The questionnaires covered the general characteristics and dietary behaviors of the subjects. The degrees of handicap of the 142 children ranged from the trainable (54.9%), the educable (31.0%), and the non-trainable (14.1%). Of the children studied, 70.4% had ‘breakfast always’, which was higher than normal. Appetites were highest in the Down's Syndrome group. We found that the more serious the handicap, the higher the breakfast eating ratio and appetite level. The main reason for their missing breakfast differed according to the handicap level: ‘late rising’in the educable and non-trainable groups but ‘no appetite’in the trainable group. Most of the children (52.2%) spent less than 20 minutes eating their meals, the parents described their children's dietary habit problems as a pica (22:3%) or overeating (17.3%) , and they indicated that teaching the children how to use spoons and chopsticks (33.1%) was the most stressful. Actually more than 85% of the subjects could not use chopsticks, and skill of using cutlery was significantly different according to the degree of handicap. The food preference for milk products was the highest. It was interesting that the handicapped who had serious food pica didn't like food groups such as grains/starches, meats/fishes/eggs/beans or vegetables/fruits.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.125-135
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• 1989

정신지체아 발생의 환경인자로서의 납의 영향을 관찰하기 위하여 인제조직내의 축적된 납과 아연의 함량과 정신장애 정도와의 상관성을 보았다. 대상은 정신지체아 교육기관 2곳의 계 297명을 택하였다(부모가 있는 군 132명, 없는 군 165명). 대조군은 시내 모 국민학교에 정상적으로 수업을 받는 63명을 심의로 선택하였다. 재료는 대상자의 후두부의 모발을 채취하여 원자흡광분광광도계로 분석하였다. 두발중 납의 평균함량은 정신지체아에서 $14.97{\pm}3.71ppm$으로 정상아의 $11.36{\pm}2.83ppm$보다 유의하게 높았으며 아연 함량은 유의한 차이가 없었다. 납은 장애자 중 연령과 성별 그리고 가정이 있는 경우와 없는 경우 간에 유의한 차이가 없었으나 지능지수와는 유의한 역상관을 나타내었다. 아연은 연령에 따라서는 유의한 상관성을 보였으나 지능지수와는 유의한 상관성이 없었다. 정신지체아에 수반된 장애로 언어장애, 정서장애, 지체부자유, 이중 및 삼중장애, 감각이상, 식습관이상 등이 있으나 감각이상과 식습성을 제외하고 모두 정상군에 비하여 평균 납함량이 유의하게 높으나 정신지체아이면서 수반된 장애가 없는 군과는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 정신지체아에 수반된 질병은 몽고증, 자폐증, 뇌성마비, 간질 및 소뇌증이 있었으나 몽고증의 평균 납 함량에 비하여 뇌성마비와 수반된 질병이 없는 경우와는 유의하게 높은 차이가 있었다. 그들의 병력을 외적 요인과 내적 요인으로 구별해 보았으나 상호 유의한 차이는 없었다. 이상의 결과로 보아 정신지체와 납 사이에는 어느 정도 관계가 있는 것으로 추측되므로 이때의 접촉 기회에 대한 고찰은 모자보건학 상 중요한 과제가 된다고 생각되며 추후 계속 연구해 보아야 할 것 같다.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.100-112
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• 1999

이 연구는 정신지체와 자폐장애 아동의 장기적인 치료와 그 가족의 삶의 질을 향상시키는, 보다 효과적인 개입방향을 모색하고자, 1998년 9월부터 1999년 1월까지 인천광역시에 위치한 가천의대 길병원 소아정신과에 내원하여 DSM-IV에 의거한 자폐 장애 또는 정신지체 진단 기준을 만족시키며 KEDI-WISC full-scale score에 의해 장애진단서를 발급받은 만5세에서 12세 아동 41명과 그들의 어머니를 대상으로 하여, 어머니의 삶의 질과 정서적 우울에 영향을 주는 장애아동의 행동 특성과 가족환경 특성을 조사하였다. 정상대조군은 연령과 성별, 그리고 사회경제상태를 고려한 37명을 선정하였다. 어머니의 삶의 질과 정서적 우울은 한국판 스미스클라인 비챰 삶의 질 척도(K-SBQOL)와 K-BDI에 의해, 아동의 행동 특성은 KCBCL, 그리고 가정환경특성은 한국판 가정환경척도(K-FES)에 의해 각각 측정하였다. 그 결과, 어머니의 삶의 질 척도(K-SBQOL) 총점은 장애아동군이 $127.51{\pm}42.90$, 정상대조군이 $167.20{\pm}31.07$으로 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다(p＝.000). 어머니의 K-BDI 점수는 장애아동군이 $15.29{\pm}10.67$, 정상대조군이 $8.71{\pm}6.91$로 유의한 차이가 있었다(p＝.003). 가정환경척도에서는 장애아동군이 정상대조군에 비하여 자립성, 지적/문화적 지향성, 그리고 능동적-여가 활동이 통계적으로 유의하게 낮았다(p<.05). 장애아동 어머니의 삶의 질은 아동의 주의집중력 문제와 가장 높은 관련성이 있었고, 가정환경척도의 응집력 소척도와 K-CBCL의 사회성 소척도가 유의한 관련성을 보였다. 장애아동 어머니의 우울은 아동의 내향화 증상과 사고장애, 그리고 가족환경척도의 응집력 소척도와 유의한 관련성을 보였다. 이상의 결과들은 장애아동의 진료에서, 아동의 주의집중력 장애와 정서적 불안정에 대한 지속적인 치료와 가정에 대한 조정이 장기적으로 부모의 삶의 질과 장애아동의 예후에 중요하다는 것을 시사한다.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제38권7호
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• pp.53-65
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• 2000

This study is for examining the differences of perceived stresses and family strengths between the parents according to socio-demographic backgrounds(age, educational level, income and the degree of disorder) of the parents having mentally retarded children. The results were as follows. First, in the overall perceived stress level, there was no difference between fathers and mothers, but when compared in stress areas, fathers experience more distresses in general interpersonal areas than mothers. Fathers also shows differences according to the degrees of their income and their perception about disorder compared with mothers showing differences according to the degree of income. Second, there were no differences in family strengths perceived by both fathers and mothers, but were significant differences according to the level of education and income. Another words, higher the education and income level, higher is their family strengths level. Third, there were positive correlations between the perceived stresses and family strengths, and significant differences in family strengths according to the stress level(higher/lower part of the group). In other words, when the perceived stress level is high, the level of perceived family strengths is low.

• 대한치과마취과학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.22-24
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• 2005

General anesthesia is often required for mentally retarded children undergoing extensive dental treatment. We experienced a case of dental treatment under general anesthesia in a 14-year-old boy with mental retardation. He was treated on an outpatient basis. He was diagnosed of Noonan syndrome and received heart surgery when he was six years old. Induction using thiopental and vecuronium was uneventful and nasotracheal intubation were carried out. General anesthesia was maintained with sevoflurane for 2.5 hours. After monitoring the patient for 2 hours and confirming his recovery, he was discharged from the day care unit. In summary, we report this successful anesthetic management of a mentally retarded child during dental treatment in as an out-patient.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.560-565
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• 2006

Extract of DNA for analysis of fragile X syndrome is usually performed by blood, the researches using hair root as specimen have been gradually spread. In this study, analyze fra X gene of the patients in mentally retarded children facilities was conducted using hair root DNA with molecular biologic test (PCR). The number of total subjects was 24, boys were 12, the average age was $17({\pm}3)$, and girls were 12, the average age was $18({\pm}2)$. In girls, normal size of band of 222 bp appeared in all lanes. Also, in all lanes except control in 517 bp, micro band appeared. Moreover, with appearance of band of 1198bp in lanes 2, 3, 4, 5, it is estimated that it is the band of full mutation whose CGG repeated sequences are more than 200. But it showed the peculiarity that it appeared with normal band in all the same lanes, thus it is not reasonable to judge it is the band of full mutation and further studies are needed. These results appeared in 50%, 6 of 12 mentally retarded girls. As the result of mentally retarded boys, normal band appeared in about 222 bp in control, however in experiment group, normal band did not appear. In 43%, 7 out of 12 boys, band did not either appeared in 1198bp, which showed different patterns from that of girls.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.165-176
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to contribute to family nursing in the areas of reducing stress and improving coping for parents of mentally retarded children. Data were collected through self-report questionnaires during a period of 2 months between November 1994 and January 1995 in the Kyoung-in area. The subjects consist of 176 parents (88 mothers and 88 fathers) of mentally retarded children attending schools for the handicapped. The levels of general stress and of parental role stress were measured with the General stress scale and the Parental role stress scale, respectively. The coping scale developed by Folkman ＆ LaZarus was adopted to measure the level of coping, and the patterns of adaptation scale developed by Damrosch ＆ Perry was adopted to measure the patterns of adaptation. The data were analyzed by a SAS program using Fisher's exact test, paired t-test, and oneway ANOVA. The results are as follows ; 1. The level of general stress was significantly higher in mothers than in fathers. Mothers experienced a significantly greater level of parental role stress than fathers did. No significant difference in the level of coping was observed between mothers and fathers. There were differences in maternal and paternal patterns of adaptation. 2. The adaptation pattern of fathers was different according to their level of general stress, parental role stress and coping. The adaptation pattern of mothers was not different according to their level of general stress and parental role stress, but was according to their level of coping. 3. General stress experienced by fathers was different according to education, health status and support from their spouses. Satisfaction with family life, satisfaction with spouse and the support from spouse influenced coping used by fathers. Their level of parental role stress was not associated with any of their general characteristics. 4. In mothers, the level of general stress was different according to their health status, the level of parental role stress was related to satisfaction with family life and satisfaction with spouse. Their level of coping was associated with the sup port from spouse. The above findings indicate that mothers did not have more coping strategies than fathers did, despite the results which showed that mothers experienced greater stress than fathers did. Especially, the adaptation pattern of mothers was different according to their level of coping. Hence, nursing interventions directed at managing stress and improving coping should be used with mothers who use adaptation pattern 1. In particular, fathers should actively participate in parenting, and support their spouses.