• 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회논문지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.119-129
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• 2019

연기교육에서 기존의 화술교육은 장단음 찾기, 자음과 모음의 조음연습, 딕션연습 등 대사를 표현하는 기술적인 측면에 치중되어 있었으며, 이러한 교육으로 대사가 말처럼 살아나기에는 한계가 있었다. 대사가 살아나는 순간은 배우가 대사를 말하는 사이 단어 이면의 멘탈 이미지를 구체적으로 보는 순간이다. 필자는 뇌과학 분야에서 인지뇌과학과 NLP (Neural Linguistic Programing)의 지식을 빌려와 멘탈 이미지가 무엇인지, 왜 멘탈 이미지가 생각과 감정의 기본 요소인지를 추적한다. 또한, 멘탈 이미지를 섬세하게 떠올리는 과정(하위양식)에서 신체의 근육들이 어떻게 반응하게 되고, 그 반응하는 근육들을 이용해 어떻게 강세, 사이, 피치, 억양 등의 말하기 재료들(강세, 사이, 피치, 억양 등)이 살아나는지를 살펴본다. 이러한 연구를 바탕으로 화술교육에서 왜 멘탈 이미지 교육이 선행되어야 하는지를 증명한다. 결론에서는 멘탈 이미지를 공부하는 과정에서 배우가 만나게 되는 장애물에 대해 열거하고, 장애물을 제거하는 방법 중 하나로 '호흡의 활성화'를 후속논문으로 계획한다.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.81-87
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• 2009

Purpose: To evaluate the anteroposterior length and buccal angle of the anterior loop, and the size and location of the mental foramen using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: 100 CBCT images from 87 adults (43 males and 44 females) ranging in age from 20 to 73 years (average 50 years) with edentulous ridge of the mandibular premolar region were obtained. Axial, sagittal, coronal images were reconstructed from Dental and Block Images of CBCT. The anteroposterior length, shape and buccal angle of the anterior loop, and the size and location of the mental foramen were calculated from reconstructed images of axial, sagittal and coronal CBCT. Results: The anteroposterior length and buccal angle of the mental canal was 4.0${\pm}$1.2mm, 37.8${\pm}$11.60$^{\circ}$respectively. The loop type with straight course was the most common shape of the mental canal. The location of the mental foramen below the apex of the lower second premolar (78%) was the most common. The maximum size of the mental foramen was 4.6${\pm}$1.0 mm in width and 3.0${\pm}$0.6 mm in height. The inner size of the mental canal was 2.6${\pm}$0.6 mm in width and 2.1 mm${\pm}$0.4 mm in height. Conclusion: CBCT is useful to evaluate the anterior loop and mental foramen of the mandibular canal. Safe guideline of 4 mm from the most anterior point of the mental foramen is recommended for implant and surgical treatment. (Korean J Oral Maxillofac Radiol 2009; 39: 81-7)

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.199-205
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• 2003

Purpose: To compare the visibility of the mandibular canal at the different radiographic methods such as conventional panoramic radiographs, Vimplant multi planar reformatting (MPR)-CT panoramic images, Vimplant MPR-CT paraxial images and film-based DentaScan MPR-CT images. Materials and Methods: Data of 11 mandibular dental implant patients, who had been planned treatment utilizing both panoramic and MPR-CT examination with DentaScan software (GE Medical systems, Milwaukee, USA), were used in this study. The archived axial CT data stored on CD-R discs were transferred to a personal computer with 17' LCD monitor. Paraxial and panoramic images were reconstructed using Vimplant software (CyberMed Inc., Seoul, Korea). Conventional panoramic radiographs, monitor-based Vimplant MPR-CT panoramic images, monitor-based Vimplant MPR-CT paraxial images, and film-based DentaScan MPR-CT images were evaluated for visibility of the mandibular canal at the mental foramen, 1 cm, 2 cm, and 3 cm posterior to mental foramen using the 4-point grading score. Results: Vimplant MPR-CT panoramic, paraxial, and DentaScan MPR-CT images revealed significantly clearer images than conventional panoramic radiographs. Particularly at the region 1 em posterior to mental foramen, conventional panoramic radiographs showed a markedly lower percentage of 'excellent' mandibular canal images than images produced by other modalites. Vimplant MPR-CT and DentaScan MPR-CT images did not show significant difference in visibility of the mandibular canal. Conclusion: The study results show that Vimplant and DentaScan MPR-CT imaging systems offer significantly better images of the mandibular canal than conventional panoramic radiograph.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.9-14
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• 2007

Purpose : To determine the more valuable information to detect the mandibular canal and the mental foramen in panoramic radiographs of a selected Korean population for the implant. Materials and Methods : This study analysed 288 panoramic radiographic images of patients taken at the Dental hospital of Chosun University retrospectively. Indirect digital panoramic X-ray machine (ProlineXC, PLANMECA, Finland) with processing by using Directview $CR950^@$ (Kodak, U.S.A.) and Direct digital panoramic X-ray machine (Promax, PLANMECA, Finland) were used for all exposures. All images were converted into Dicom format. Results : The common position of the mental foramen was in line with the longitudinal axis of the second premolar (68.1%). The mental foramen was symmetrical in 81.8% of cases. The mandibular canal was not identified at anterior portion and discontinued with the mental foramen in 27.8% of all cases, in 42.4% identified with lower border line continued with the mental foramen, in 14.6% with both upper and lower border lines, and in 15.3% unilaterally identified with lower border line. Conclusion : Clinicians can estimate the upper border line of the mandibular canal from the confirmation of the mental foramen and the lower border line of the mandibular canal symmetrically on the panoramic radiography taken in adjusted midsaggital plane of patient's head.

• 영어영문학
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• 제56권6호
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• pp.1255-1279
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• 2010

Much has already been learned about what goes on in the minds of second language writers as they compose, yet, oddly enough, until recently little in the L2 research literature has addressed writing and mental imagery together. However, images and imaging (visual thinking) play a crucial role in perception (the basis of mental imagery), in turn, affecting language, thinking, and writing. Many theorists of mental imagery also agree that more than just language accounts for how we think and that imagery is at least as crucial as language. All of these demands, to be sure, are compounded for EFL students, which is why I investigate EFL students' writing process, focusing on the use of mental imagery and its relationship to the writing. First I speculate upon some ways that imagery influences EFL students' composing processes and products. Next, I want to explore how and whether the images in a writer's mind can be shaped effectively into a linear piece of written English in one's writing. I studied two university undergraduate EFL students, L and J. They had fairly advanced levels of English proficiency and exhibited high level of writing ability, as measured by TOEFL iBT Test. Each student wrote two comparison and contrast essays: one written under specified time limitations and the other written without the pressure of time. In order to investigate whether the amount of time in itself causes differences within an individual in imagery ability, the students were placed under strict time constraints for Topic 1. But for Topic 2, they were encouraged to take as much time as necessary to complete this essay. Immediately after completing their essays, I conducted face-to-face retrospective interviews with students to prompt them for information about the role of imagery as they write. Both L and J have spent more time on their second (untimed) essays. Without time constraint, they produced longer texts on untimed essay (149 vs. 170; 186 vs 284 words). However, despite a relatively long period of time spent writing an essay, these students neither described their images nor detailed them in their essays. Although their mental imagery generated an explosion of ideas for their writings, most visual thinking must merely be a means toward an end-pictures that writers spent in purchasing the right words or ideas.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.493-507
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to analyze how high school students form and interpret the mental image in the process of solving regular polyhedron problems. For this purpose, a set of problems about the regular polyhedron's vertex is developed on the base of the regular polyhedron's duality and circulation. and applied to 2 students of the 12th graders in D high school. After 2 hours of teaching and learning and another 2 hours of mental image-analysis process, the following research findings are obtained. Fisrt, a student who recorded medium high-level grade in the national scholastic test can build the dynamic image or the patten image in the process of solving regular polyhedron's vertex problems by utilizing the 3D geometry program. However, the other student who recorded low-level grade can build the concrete-pictorial image. Second, pattern image or dynamic image can help students solve the regular polyhedron's vertex problems by proper transformation of informations and the mental images while the concrete-pictorial image does not help. Hence, it is recommended that the mathematics teachers should develop teaching and learning materials about the regular polyhedron's duality and circulation and also give students suitable questions to build the various mental images.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.101-106
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• 2011

Purpose : This study evaluated the potential use of the computed tomography indices (CTI) on cone beam CT (CBCT) images for an assessment of the bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal osteoporotic women. Materials and Methods : Twenty-one postmenopausal osteoporotic women and 21 postmenopausal healthy women were enrolled as the subjects. The BMD of the lumbar vertebrae and femur were calculated by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) using a DXA scanner. The CBCT images were obtained from the unilateral mental foramen region using a PSR-$9000N^{TM}$ Dental CT system. The axial, sagittal, and coronal images were reconstructed from the block images using $OnDemend3D^{TM}$. The new term "CTI" on CBCT images was proposed. The relationship between the CT measurements and BMDs were assessed and the intra-observer agreement was determined. Results : There were significant differences between the normal and osteoporotic groups in the computed tomography mandibular index superior (CTI(S)), computed tomography mandibular index inferior (CTI(I)), and computed tomography cortical index (CTCI). On the other hand, there was no difference between the groups in the computed tomography mental index (CTMI: inferior cortical width). Conclusion : CTI(S), CTI(I), and CTCI on the CBCT images can be used to assess the osteoporotic women.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.470-475
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• 2017

PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to identify the complex course of the mandibular canal using 3D reconstruction of microCT images and to provide the diagram for clinicians to help them understand at the interforaminal region in Korean. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Twenty-six hemimandibles obtained from cadavers were examined using microCT, and the images were reconstructed. At both the midpoint of mental foramen and the tip of anterior loop, the bucco-lingual position, the height from the mandibular inferior border, the horizontal distance between two points, and position relative to tooth site on the mandibular canal were measured. The angle that the mental canal diverges from the mandibular canal was measured in posterior-superior and lateral-superior direction. RESULTS. The buccal distance from the mandibular canal was significantly much shorter than lingual distance at both the mental foramen and the tip of anterior loop. The mandibular canal at the tip of anterior loop was significantly located closer to buccal side and higher than at the mental foramen. And the mental canal most commonly diverged from the mandibular canal below the first premolar by approximately $50^{\circ}$ posterior-superior and $41^{\circ}$ lateral-superior direction, which had with a mean length of 5.19 mm in front of the mental foramen, and exited to the mental foramen below the second premolar. CONCLUSION. These results suggest that it could form a hazardous tetrahedron space at the interforaminal region, thus, the clinician need to pay attention to the width of a premolar tooth from the mental foramen during dental implant placement.

• 인지과학
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.79-107
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• 2009

공간, 시간적 환경정보를 함께 저장하는 일화기억(episodic memory)은 알츠하이머병에 의해 손상될 뿐만 아니라 일반 노화과정에서도 손상될 수 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 인지기능인 일화기억을 내적회상 기법을 사용하여 평가함으로써 초기 알츠하이머성 치매 환자의 일화기억을 분석하고 평가하는 것이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 사진이나 동영상처럼 뇌에 투사되는 피시험자 자신의 과거를 직접 회상한 이미지(the mental image)를 분석하는 새로운 방법을 사용하였다. 초기 알츠하이머성 치매환자3명, 경도 우울증 환자 1명, 대조를 위한 건강한 노인 2명에게 검사 당일로부터 하루, 일주일, 한달 전 그리고 원과거(remote)에 있었던 일을 회상하게 하였다. 회상된 이미지 안에서의 감정상태, 이미지의 색, 사건 발생 순서 등의 중점을 두고 피시험자의 응답을 분석하였다. 순행성기억(anterograde memory) 손상을 관찰하고자 피시험자에 그들이 검사 당시 재현한 모든 이미지를 검사 다음날 다시 상기하도록 요구하였다. 3명의 환자군 모두 회상한 이미지들 사건 발생순서에 맞게 정리하는데 실패하였다. 이들은 대조군과 같은 수의 이미지를 회상해 내었지만, 색이 선명하지 않고 사진과 같은 정적인 이미지를 회상하였다. 이러한 결과는 초기 치매환자가 최근기억(recent memory)을 화상 하는데 일차적으로 손상이 있을 시사하며, 또한 의미기억의 양적인 손상보다 질적 손상이 먼저 발생함을 보여주었다.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.37-42
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• 2010

Purpose: The mental foramen (MF) is an important anatomical structure during local anesthesia and surgical procedures in terms of achieving effective mental nerve blocks and avoiding injuries to the neurovascular bundles. Thus, understanding the anatomic features of the mandibular canal and accessory mental foramen in Korean could contribute to the surgical anatomic assessment. This study was to elucidate frequency, position and course of AMF (accessory mental foramen) in Korean using 3D cone beam computed tomography. Materials and Methods: The CBCT (Conbeam computed tomography) DICOM data (Alphard, Asahi, Japan) from 540 patients in korean were analyzed. We investigated images of 3D CBCT using Ondemand (CyberMed, Korea) software program on the incidence and anatomical characteristics of accessory foramen. Results: The accessory mental foramina were found in 17 patients. Accessory mental foramina exist predominantly in the apical area of the second premolar and posteroinferior area of the mental foramen. The accessory branches of the mandibular canal showed common characteristics in the course of gently sloping posterosuperior direction in the buccal surface area. The size of most AMF was obviously smaller than that of MF. Conclusion: We could identify frequency, position and course of AMF (accessory mental foramen) by the anatomical study of the accessory mental foramen using 3D cone beam CT in Korean.