• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.69-77
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• 2016

Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect and satisfaction measurement of the Korean medicine treatment on the adolescent dysmenorrhea. Methods: The subjects of this study were 24 volunteers, suffering from dysmenorrhea, who were middle and high school students in Jeonbuk province. They were treated by Korean medicine, those were acupuncture, cupping, moxibustion and herbal medicine, for two months from July to December 2015. The results were investigated by the visual analogue scale (VAS) of overall pain, most severe pain and amount of the analgesic taken for menstrual period. The effects of treatment were assessed three times, those were before treatment, after treatment for 1 month and after treatment for 2 months, for two months. Results: The VAS score on dysmenorrhea was decreased significantly. Also, the VAS score on the disturbance in school activity was decreased significantly. The amount of analgesic taken for menstrual period was decreased, but not significantly. Conclusions: This study suggests that the Korean medicine treatment on the adolescent dysmenorrhea is effective.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.122-128
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• 2000

Objectives : This study was undertaken to examine the clinical effect of ECM.E, made of hyaluronic acid, on dysmenorrhea. Methods : This study involved 44 women with dysmenorrhea. During the three-month study, 3T was administered to them twice a day and they were examined on their menstrual state three times. The degree of pain was measured by VAS. Conclusions : The followings are the conclusions from the study. 1. ECM.E yielded a significant effect on making the menstrual color healthy and reducing the amount of the menstrual clots. 2. ECM.E yielded a significant effect on reducing PMS, especially the mammary pain before menstruation. 3. ECM.E yielded a significant effect on reducing dysmenorrhea, especially the pain of lower abdomen, fatigue and abnormal excrements during menstruation.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.224-244
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• 1993

This study was designed to develop and test a model of the theoretical structure of factors influencing womens’ attitudes toward menstruation, specifically, premenstrual discomfort or pain, negative affect, disability and role acceptance. The conceptual framework was built through a review of the literature. For the purpose of testing the model, data were collected from April to June, 1992 with the use of Menstrual Distress Questionnaire, Menstrual Attitude Questionnaire, Sex Role Acceptance Scale. Data analysis was done with the SPSS PC/sup +/ for descriptive statistics and PC-LXSREL 7.13 for covariance structure. The study subjects consisted of 320 women college students in 2 three-year nursing junior colleges and 1 department of nursing of a college of medicine. The mean age of the subjects was 19, the mean age at monarch was 13.7, the mean menstrual cycle was 29.7 days and the mean menstrual duration was 5.3 days. The amount of menstrual discharge was moderate and the menstrual cycle variability was within 3 days. The score for pain, negative affect and disability were higher during the perimenstrual period than intermenstrual period. The fit of the hypothetical model with the six paths and the empirical data was high [X²(df=4)=. 57 (P=.966), GFI =.999, AGFI =.997, RMR=.008]. The hypotheses were supported on acceptable level of significance. 1) The higher the pain and negative affect, the stronger the disability. 2) The higher the pain, negative affect and disability, the more negative the attitudes toward menstruation. 3) The lower the women's role acceptance, the more negative the attitudes toward menstruation. The model was supported by the empirical data, and thus these results may help nurses and nursing scientists to understand and support these phenomena of womens’ health experience.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.61-70
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• 2016

Purpose: This study is an explorative survey to examine emotional labor, stress, and premenstrual syndrome among hospital nurses and to examine relationships among them. Methods: Data were collected from 228 nurses working at hospitals using structured questionnaires from September to October, 2014. Data were analyzed using SPSS 21.0 by frequency, descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation coefficient. Results: Score of emotional labor was different by work time per week (F=4.03, p=.019), and menstrual amount (F=5.18, p=.006). Level of stress was different by marital status (t=2.29, p=.023), pattern of work (t=-3.63, p<.001), work time per week (F=3.39, p=.035), regularity of menstrual cycle (t=-4.20, p<.001), and exercise frequency (F=4.28, p=.015). Scores of premenstrual syndrome were different by regularity of menstrual cycle (t=-3.18, p=.002), and menstrual amount (F=5.88, p=.003). Emotional labor was related with perceived stress (r=.40, p<.001) and premenstrual syndrome (r=.23, p<.001). Also, perceived stress was related with premenstrual syndrome (r=.33, p<.001). Conclusion: Nurses' emotional labor, stress, and premenstrual syndrome were higher than the average. Emotional labor was correlated with stress and premenstrual syndrome, premenstrual syndrome with stress. This study shows that it is necessary to understand these relationships and to search for nursing intervention to ease emotional labor, stress, and premenstrual syndrome.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.235-241
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was to review dysmenorrhea and its relief methods in nursing students by using base data for reducing dysmenorrhea. Method: The subjects were 92 students, data were collected by questionnaire surveys using convenience sampling and analyzed by the SPSS 12.0 program. Results: Medium amount of menstruation was most frequently answered and massage on painful sites was the most frequently used relief method(p<0.05). Frequency of medication was once a day during menstrual period, and methods that the most wanted to use when pain got severe was alternative methods(aroma, massage, and acupuncture)(p<0.05). Amount of menstruation showed a negative correlation with the duration(r=-0.32), dysmenorrhea was correlated with the severest days of dysmenorrhea(r=0.24) and the frequency of medication(r=-0.23). Conclusion: These results suggested that dysmenorrhea was correlated with the severest days of dysmenorrhea and the frequency of medication, but other variables showed no relations with menstrual characteristics.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.249-257
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• 1982

The aim of this study was to observe the relationships between the amount of menstrual blood loss (MBL) and age, parity, number of pregnancy and induced abortion, and the iron nutriture in married Korean women. Fifty-one healthy women aged 26 to 48 years were tested for their MBL, hemoglobin(Hb) concentration, hematocrit (Hct) value, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), serum iron and ferritin concentrations. The results of this study are summarized as follows : 1) The mean value and standard error of mean of the MBL was $32.0{\pm}3.94ml$, and the range of MBL was 3.8-127.2 ml for total subjects. Maximum number (23.5%) of the subjects fell in the group with MBL of 10-l9ml, while 17.7% showed MBL above 50m1. 2) There were no statistically significant differences on the mean amount of MBL between the age groups 25-48 years. 3) The mean amount of MBL in 1-2 and 3-4 para groups were 28.5 and 36.1 ml, respectively, but the difference between two groups was not significant 4) It was observed that the mean amount of MBL was gradually decreased as the number of pregnancy and induced abortion were increased, but the significance was not observed. 5) The mean values of Hb concentration, MCHC and serum iron concentration were slightly decreased in subjects with MBL of more than 50ml but the statistical significance was not observed. The mean of Hct value was not influenced by the amount of MBL. While serum ferritin concentrations were markedly decreased and the prevalence rate of anemia was markedly increased as the amount of MBL was increased. There was significant difference (P<0.05) between the mean amount of MBL with respect to the serum ferritin concentration.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.106-114
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• 2020

Purpose: This study was performed to measure the influence of premenstrual syndrome coping strategies and food cravings on premenstrual syndrome symptoms among female college students. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was done with the participation of 509 female college students in D city. Data were analyzed using a t-test, ANOVA, Scheffé test, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and Hierarchical multiple regression. Results: The average scores for PMS coping mechanisms, food cravings, and premenstrual syndrome symptoms were 1.58, 2.32, and 2.82, respectively. There were significant differences in PMS symptoms according to food, menarcheal age, menstrual amount, menstrual pain and whether their mother or sister has dysmenorrhea. The factors influencing premenstrual syndrome symptoms of female college students were identified as avoidance (β=-.16, p<.001), menstrual cycle specific (β=-.11, p=.013), and cognitive restraint on eating (β=.13, p=.026). This factor explained 35% of female college students' premenstrual syndrome symptoms. Conclusion: Therefore, it is necessary to take appropriate stress coping measures for the subjects.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.320-332
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was conducted in order to examine premenstrual symptoms (PMS) according to physical activity of high school girls. Method: Data were collected from 323 high school girls using structured questionnaires, Menstrual Distress Questionnaire (MDQ) and International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, and AVOVA. Results: The mean score of PMS was low (2.200.81). Among the subcategories, negative feeling (2.491.26) was the highest. Physical activity levels were coded as inactive, minimal activity and health enhancing physical activity, among which minimal activity (53.0%) was the highest. Significant differences in PMS were observed according to subjective health condition (F=10.83, p<.001), alcohol intake (t=-1.99, p=.048), caffeine intake (F=3.04, p=.029), dietary habit (F=4.78, p=.009), amount of menstruation (F=4.57, p=.011), discomfort in daily life (F=28.94, p<.001), degree of menstrual pain (F=41.23, p<.001), method of menstrual pain relief (F=4.29, p=.015), and family history (F=11.45, p<.001). Significant difference in PMS was observed according to the physical activity level (F=3.12, p=.046), and health enhancing physical activity (2.540.87) was the highest. Conclusion: These findings suggest that PMS intervention programs would be considered factors related to PMS. Conduct of further studies is recommended for evaluation of the relationship between physical activity and PMS.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.114-123
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• 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to report the result and the satisfaction of Korean medicine treatment for patients with dysmenorrhea who participated in support program of Jeollabuk-do. Methods: The subjects of this study were 33 volunteers, suffering from primary dysmenorrhea. As the 'Dysmenorrhea Treatment Project', we conducted a dysmenorrhea program at 22 Korean medicine clinic and 1 Korean medicine hospital in Jeollabuk-do. From May to December 2018, we conducted the program and assessed the effect and satisfaction twice after first two menstrual cycles after Korean medicine treatment through questionnaire. They were treated by Korean medicine treatment such as herbal medicine, acupuncture, moxibustion, heat therapy, physical therapy and others in 2017. The results were measured by the visual analogue scale (VAS) and multidimensional verbal rating scale (MVRS) of overall pain. The disturbance in school activity for menstrual period and satisfaction of Korean medicine treatment were investigated by continuous rating scales. Results: The VAS score of overall pain was decreased significantly. Also the amount of the analgesic taken for menstrual period and the degree of disturbance in school activity were decreased significantly. Besides, the satisfaction of Korean medicine treatment was increased. Conclusions: This study might suggest that the Korean medicine treatment on dysmenorrhea is effective.

• 국제물리치료학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.723-729
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to understand the relationship between female college students' stress level and premenstrual syndrome so that it can provide baseline data on how to cope with the syndrome. The study subjects are 250 female college students in Gyungbook area. This study chose 199 appropriate subjects and collected data. As per general menstrual phases, this study investigated the age when one had her first period, regularity and duration of period, and amount of bleeding. It used a measurement tool to measure stress level and premenstrual syndrome. Most of the subjects experienced their first period before the age of 13. The menstrual period was irregular with the duration of less than 7 days. 123 subjects had normal amount of bleeding. 121 subjects were experiencing high level of stress over 2.4. The correlation between the level of stress and premenstrual syndrome factors showed significant static correlation for each factor. Especially, the correlation between digestive system and response of autonomic nervous system was .996 and negative emotion and behavioral change was .635, and negative emotion and pain was .614 which were relatively high. The regression analysis of factors of premenstrual syndrome depending on the subjects' stress level indicated that response of autonomic nervous system had the biggest effect in the low stress group while behavioral change, negative emotion, pain, decreased concentration, water congestion, response of autonomic nervous system, and skin change had the biggest effect in the high stress group with statistical significance. Based on the result, it can be said that higher premenstrual stress is closely related to the premenstrual syndrome one experiences for some female college students.