• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제1권4호
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• pp.305-312
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• 2007

A group of 101 women, aged 40-65 years consisted of 48 premenopausal subjects and 53 postmenopausal ones living in Daegu and Gyeongbuk area in Korea were evaluated with their general characteristics, lifestyle factors, nutrient and phytoestrogen intakes, blood and urinary indices concerning antioxidant status and bone metabolism. Body mass index (BMI), waist hip ratio (WHR) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) of the postmenopausal women were significantly higher (23.8, 0.86, and 126.9 mmHg, respectively) than those of the premenopausal women (22.6, 0.82, and 115.9 mmHg; respectively). Nutrient intakes of the postmenopausal and premenopausal groups were not different except lower fat intake and higher dietary fiber and iron intakes in the postmenopausal group. Daily total phytoestrogen intake was significantly higher in the postmenopausal group (48.54 mg) than the premenopausal (31.41 mg) and was resulted mostly from higher intakes of daidzein and genistein from soy and soy products (45.42 mg vs 28.91 mg). Serum genistein level and excretion of enterolactone, major lignan metabolite, were not very different between the two groups. Serum retinal and ${\alpha}$- tocopherol levels were higher in the postmenopausal group but TBARS levels were not different between the two groups. Serum osteocalcin (7.18 ng/mL) and urinary deoxypyridinoline (7.15 nmol/mmol creatinine), in the postmenopausal group were significantly higher than those in the premenopausal group (4.80 ng/mL, 5.95 nmol/mmol creatinine). Urinary excretion of enterolactone was positively correlated with serum osetocalcin in premenopausal women and serum genistein negatively correlated with the urinary DPD in postmenopausal women. Dietary phytoestrogen intake was negatively correlated with serum level of TBARS in all subjects. It is concluded that the effect of total phytoestrogen intake is beneficial on body antioxidant status in all middle-aged women regardless of menopause but the effect on bone metabolism appears different by the type of the phytoestrogen and the menopausal state.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제37권12호
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• pp.69-78
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• 1999

This study was desingned to investigate the relationships between bone mineral density(BMD) of the lumbar spine($L2\rightarrowL4$) and menopausal symptoms, health conciousness, bone health status, activity intensity, preference of food saltiness in 41 postmenopausal women. Lumbago was main menopausal symptom, and BMD of the subjects with lumbago was significantly low compared with BMD of the subjects without lumbago(p<0.01). BMD of the subjects who felt healthy was significantly higher than BMD of them who felt inbetween or weak(p<0.05). BMD of the subjects who had good bone status of the lumbar spine was significantly higher than BMD of them who had bent lumbar spine or experienced bone fracture(p<0.001). BMD of the subjects who were active was significantly higher than BMD of them whose activity was moderate or sedentary(p<0.05). BMD of the subjects who preferred very insipid taste was significantly high compared with BMD of them who preferred insipid, moderate or salty taste, and BMD of the subjects who preferred very salty taste was significantly low(p<0.01). This study suggested that decrease of BMD of the lumbar spine was significantly related to lumbago, bone fracture and bent lumbar spine. And when they were active and not preferred salty taste, bone loss of the lumbar spine was decreased.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.129-156
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between depression and ego identity of middle-aged women and to identify the variables that show differences in the depression and ego identity of middle-aged women. The subjects in the study were 321 mothers of high school students whose age were 40-59 years old. The instruments for this study were Beck Depression Inventory(BDI) developed Beck(1978) and translated by Lee(1981) and Ego identity Scale developed Suh(1975) and modified by Nam(1975). The reliability values of BDI range from 0.83 to 0.87 and Ego identity range from 0.81 to 0.85 using Cronbach alpha. The data were analysed by using the SAS program and included Frequency, percentage Pearson Correlation MANOVA, t-test, ANOVA. The conclusion obtained from this study were as follows ; 1) There was a negative correlation(r=-0.21, p=0.0002) between depression and ego identity of middle-aged women. Thus the lower depression the higher ego identity for middle-aged women. 2) According to the analysis of interacting effects of depression and ego identity, there were significant differences in the household income(F=0.38, p=0.0035), level of education (F=6.50, p=0.0001), satisfaction of marriage(F=10.45, p=0.0001), family pattern (F=6.18, p=0.0001), menopausal status(F=7.23, p=0.0001), present disease(F=4.85, p=0.0110) and health status(F=9.00, p=0.0001). 3) There were significant differences on the level of education(F=12.98, p=0.0001) household income(F=5.78, p=0.0007), support of spouse(F=8.58, p=0.0002), satisfaction of marriage(F=20.08, p=0.0001), menopausal status(F=11.32, p=0.0001), present disease(t=2.76, p=0.0062) and health status(F=17.23, p=0.0001) of the depression of middle-aged women. 4) There were significant differences on the patterns of household(t=-2.64, p=0.0086), support spouse(F=3.58, p=0.0291), satisfaction of marriage(F=3.90, p=0.0212), menopausal status(F=4.59, p=0.0108) and disease(t=2.11, p=0.0359) of the ego identity of middle-aged women. On the basis of the above findings the following recommendations are made ; 1) According to results of this study, middle-aged women's depression is correlated with ego identity. Thus when the nurse plans the preventive strategy of middle-aged women's depression, the nurse must be considered with level of ego identity. 2) To study for middle-aged women in depth, further research is need to study regard to middle-aged men and their children.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.188-195
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• 2022

Purpose: With the first generation of marriage-based immigrant women in East Asia now reaching their middle or old age, the need to focus investigations on their health-related quality of life has arisen. This study aimed to examine the extent to which physical and mental health, and psychosocial variables can predict health-related quality of life among Japanese middle-aged immigrant women. Methods: This study has a descriptive cross-sectional design. A convenience sample of 197 Japanese middle-aged marriage-based immigrant women from two regions of South Korea were recruited between December 2017 and March 2018. Participants completed self-administered questionnaires on health-related quality of life, menopausal symptoms, depression, perceived health status, disease morbidity, social support, and acculturation. The data were analyzed using hierarchical multiple regression. Results: Depression was the strongest predictor of health-related quality of life, followed by perceived health status, social support, and household income. Menopausal symptoms, presence of disease, and acculturation appeared to have no additional impact on participant's health-related quality of life. Conclusion: In times of rapid growth of global migration and the aging of immigrants in new destination countries, nursing interventions and public health policies for aging marriage-based immigrant women should be prioritized to improve their mental health by facilitating social support and disease management. In addition, social and employment policies that can help immigrant women transition to a healthy midlife are needed.

• 한국학교ㆍ지역보건교육학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.13-22
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• 2023

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to provide baseline data for management policies by exploring the association between alcohol and mental health in menopause and andropause middle-aged Methods: This study used the data from from the 8th National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2019-2021). Adults between the ages of 40 and 64 were considered menopause and andropause middle-aged and 7,704 of the total number of 8,549 subjects were selected as the final study subjects without missing data. Mental health was defined as depression diagnosis and suicidal thoughts, and drinking was defined as current drinking and high-risk drinking. SAS 9.4 was used for all statistical analyses. Results: There were significant differences between menopause middle-aged men and women in current drinking (83.4% for men and 66.6% for women) and in high-risk drinking (24.2% for men and 4.9% for women). The significant factors affecting the depression diagnosis were identified as economic activity, income level, and subjective health status for men and economic activity, income level, subjective health status, and smoking for women (p < .05). The significant factors affecting suicidal ideation included economic activity, income level, and subjective health status for men and economic activity, high-risk drinking, current smoking, and subjective health status for women (p < .05). Conclusion: As a result of analyzing the association between alcohol and mental health in menopause and andropause middle-aged adults, Drinking alcohol and high-risk drinking in women were associated with mental health, but insignificantly in men. Based on this study, it is necessary to program development and health education for the physical and mental health of menopausal middle-aged women exposed to alcohol, and to develop menopausal mental health management policies that take into account the gender differences.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.807-824
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• 1995

This study was intended to provide women who are experiencing menopause with effective nursing care by exploring the menopause experience. The purpose of the research was to understand the subjective feelings of women about the question of what the menopause experience is. Q-Methodological method was used for that purpose. As the research method, Q-statements were collected preliminary to the study of through in -depth interviews and a literature review. For the study 34 Q-statements were selected. There were 21 women as subjects for the research. The 21 women sorted the 34 statements using the principle of Forced Normal Distribution. The principle of Forced Normal Distribution, which has nine scales to measure the individual opinions, was called Q-Factor Analysis by using PC Quanl Program to supply the material. As a result, there were four categories(self-com-passion type, self-regulation type, self-perception type, self-abandonment type) of special opinion about the menopause experience in these women. The first type was called Self-compassion This type' was associated with varying degrees of emotonal instability(psychological withdrawal). And type in menopause signifies loss of a socially valued status and may result in depressive symptoms. This type expresses the menopause experience as associated with negative reaction. The second type is called Self-regulation. This type overcomes the menopause experience more actively than the other types and do not express the menopause experience as one of suffering. This type make efforts by themselves to regulate the mono-pause experience. The third type is called Self-perception. This type perceives the experience of menopause which as typical menopausal syndrome (hot flashes and decreased vaginal lubrication, decreased estrogen producing atrophic changes of the labia and vaginal mucosa, making intercourse uncomfortable). The fourth type is called Self- abandonment. This type denies the experience of menopause. The meaning of menopausal experience is significantly related with a life accident or life load. Also, This type experiences pain in the musculoskeletal system. As a result, The meaning of the menopausal experience is affected by perceived subjective experience of the nurses, the need to understand each persons meaning of the menopause experience and to develop appropriate nursing interventions based on the typology of menopause experience. Finally. The result of the study will provide basic data for nursing intervention the menopausal women.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제10권9호
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• pp.99-110
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• 2019

본 연구는 제 5기 국민건강영양조사(2010~2012) 결과를 바탕으로 폐경여성의 대사증후군 지표에 따른 영양소 섭취를 비교 조사하였다. 조기폐경 여성 214명과 일반폐경 여성 2,545명을 분류하였으며, 폐경여성의 영양섭취에서 비만인 경우 레티놀 섭취와의 연관을 나타내고 있음을 확인하였고, 당뇨인 경우 리보플라빈 섭취량에 있어서 유의함을 확인하였다. 본 연구 결과 폐경여성에서 레티놀과 리보플라빈, 조섬유, 칼슘 및 나트륨 등의 미량영양소가 대사증후군 위험과 관련성이 있음을 보였는데, 추후 대규모 전향적 연구가 실시되어 각 영양소 섭취량과 폐경 후 대사증후군의 인과관계를 더욱 명확히 규명할 필요가 있을 것이라 사료된다.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.78-96
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• 2021

Objectives: It is a statistical study to examine the data of CaPSPI (Diagnostic System for Climacteric and Postmenopausal Syndrome Pattern Identification), developed for diagnosis of menopause disorders and to record the status of treatment of it. Methods: From November 1, 2020 to June 19, 2021, 36 cases of data of 33 respondents of the CaPSPI were analyzed. For the use of the basic data of the clinical menopausal disorder, we investigated frequency of menopausal symptoms and the difference between them depending on the period of menopause, and the presentation of usage prescriptions. And the diagnostic results for three kinds' diagnosis [for examination (D1), for treatment (D2), by doctors (D3)] were compared. The diagnostic consistency of D1 and D3 and the statistical significance between DT and disease elements (證素) was investigated. Results: 1. Hot flush was the highest in the symptom survey of the menopause that the subjects complained of, followed by insomnia. There was no significant difference in symptom expression according to menopausal period. 2. The diagnostic consistency of D1 and D2 showed significant diagnostic consistency only in liver depression, and the diagnostic consistency of D1 and D3 showed significant consistency in liver depression and Dual Deficiency of Heart and Spleen. 3. D3' diagnosis and disease elements had statistical significance for cases of P<0.1 was found to be related to the theory of oriental medicine. Conclusions: It is needed to continue to accumulate diagnosis and treatment results through CaPSPI in the future to strengthen the basis for patten identification and treatment of menopause disorders.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.940-950
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• 2022

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to report on the efficacy of Korean medical treatment for treating menopausal vasomotor symptoms (heat flashes and sleep disorders). Methods: We treated a menopausal female patient with heat flashes and sleep disorders using Korean medical treatments (herbal medicines, acupuncture, pharmacopuncture, moxibustion, and chuna). To evaluate the results of this treatment, we used Kupperman's Index and the Numerical Rating Scale to measure heat flashes and total sleeping time, respectively. The patient's general health status was evaluated using the European Quality of Life 5 Dimensions Scale. Results: We observed improvements in Kupperman's Index, the Numerical Rating Scale, the patient's total sleeping time, and the European Quality of Life 5 Dimensions Scale following the treatments. Conclusions: This study suggests that Korean medicine may be an effective treatment for menopausal vasomotor symptoms (heat flashes and sleep disorders).

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.97-109
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• 2001

1999년 12월과 2000년 2월 사이에 경상북도 일개 농촌지역과 어촌지역 주민들 중 연구에 참여하기를 원하는 2,840명을 연구대상으로 선정하였다. 대상자의 신장, 체중, 그리고 공복 시 총콜레스테롤을 측정하였으며 신장과 체중을 이용하여 비만도를 계산하였다. 설문지를 이용하여 연령, 성별, 흡연, 음주, 그리고 폐경 상태(여성)를 면담 조사하였다. 어촌남성의 총콜레스테롤 평균치는 191.6mg/dl, 농촌남성이 173.6mg/dl이었고, 어촌여성은 206.9mg/dl, 농촌지여성은 186.9mg/ dl였다. 단순분석결과, 남성에서는 지역, 비만도, 그리고 흡연습관이 유의한 변수였다(p<0.01). 여성에서는 지역(p<0.01), 연령(p<0.01), 비만도(p<흡연습관(p<0.05), 그리고 폐경상태(p<유의한 변수였다. 총콜레스테롤치를 종속변수로 한 다중선형회귀분석을 실시한 결과, 남성에서는 어촌지역이 농촌지역에 비해(p<비만할수록(p<0.01) 총콜레스테롤은 유의하게 높았다. 여성에서는 어촌지역이 농촌지역에 비해(p<0.01), 비만할수록(p<0.01), 폐경여성이 정상에 비해(p<총콜레스테롤은 유의하게 높았다. 이와 같이 어촌지역이 농촌지역에 비해 총콜레스테롤치가 높았으며 남녀 모두에서 총콜레스테롤과 관련된 중요한 변수는 비만도였다.