• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.1-20
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• 2023

Objectives: The object of this study was to observe the complex anti-climacterium potentials of Yuklinzu aqueous extracts (YLZ), using bilateral ovariectomy (OVX) female ddY mice similar to women postmenopausal symptoms, as including cardiovascular diseases, obesity, hyperlipidemia, osteoporosis and hepatic steatosis. Methods: In order to evaluate anti-climacterium effects of YLZ, six groups of mice were used; sham control, OVX control, 17β-estradiol, YLZ 500, 250 and 125 mg/kg treated groups. Since 28 days after bilateral OVX surgery, YLZ were administered orally for 84 days, once a day. And then we evaluated anti-climacterium effects divided into five categories; estrogenic effects, anti-obesity, hypolipidemic effects, hepatoprotective effects and anti-osteoporotic effects. The results of YLZ were compared with 17β-estradiol 0.03 ㎍/head/day subcutaneous treated OVX mice. Results: As a result of OVX, obvious changes related to the estrogen-deficient menopausal symptoms - obesity, hyperlipidemia, hepatic steatosis and osteoporosis were displayed in mice. However, these menopausal symptoms induced by OVX were significantly inhibited by 84 days of consecutive treatment of 17β-estradiol, YLZ 500, 250 and 125 mg/kg, respectively. Especially, YLZ showed obvious dose-dependent inhibitory activities on the OVX-induced climacterium changes in mice, and YLZ 500 mg/kg showed comparable inhibitory effects against menopausal symptoms in comparison with those of 17β-estradiol 0.03 ㎍/head/day subcutaneous treatment. Conclusions: The results suggest that oral administration of YLZ 500, 250 and 125 mg/kg has obvious dose-dependent favorable anti-climacterium effects in OVX mice. Especially, YLZ 500 mg/kg showed comparable inhibitory effects against menopausal symptoms in comparison with those of 17β-estradiol 0.03 ㎍/head/day subcutaneous treatment.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.23-31
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• 2004

Background: Obesity is associated with menstrual disorder. Especially, upper-body obesity affects on female reproductive function. Objectives: The goals were to investigate relation between fat distribution and menstrual disorder in obese pre-menopausal Korean females. The hypothesis were tested that there is a relation between upper body obesity and menstrual disorder. Design: A cross-sectional evaluation of 66 Females (baseline age $32.15{\pm}7,32)$ with body mass index $31.22{\pm}4.05\;kg/m^2$. Body composition was measured using bioimpedence analysis (BIA) and anthropometry was done by same observer. VAS and Multidimensional verval rating scale(MVRS) were checked for menstrual pain. Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) was measured for evaluating body fat distribution. Menstrual disorder and body fat distribution were compared using statistical methods. Results: TLFR and WH ratio was higher in menstrual cyclic disorder group than controls. There was negative relationship between VAS and TLFR. Conclusions: The data shows that disorder of menstrual cycle was associated with upper body obesity. WH ratio could be one of the factor of menstrual disorder. VAS was correlated with lower body obesity. Further studies for role of upper body fat distribution on female reproductive function and relationship between menstrual pain and fat distribution thought to be needed.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.273-284
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• 2009

Purpose: The study examined obesity conditions and related factors in middle aged Korean women who had been diagnosed as obese based body mass index (BMI) or waist circumference (WC) measurement. Presently, BMI alone, WC alone, or BMI + WC were used as obesity measures. Methods: Subjects were 488 women 40~64 years of age living in one city, Korea. Structured questionnaires concerning general characteristics, health behavior practices, and chronic disease history were completed by each subject. Results: The proportions of obesity were 42.4% by BMI, 39.3% by WC, and 51.3% by the combination of both measurements. Chi-square test revealed significant associations of obesity with age, education level, menopausal status, frequency of excessive eating, and history of diabetes mellitus or hypertension. These associations were similar for the three measurement schemes. There was significant positive relationship between BMI and WC, whereas the relationship between BMI and WHR (waist-hip ratio) was not significant. Conclusions: The combination of BMI and WC measurement may be a valid way to evaluate the obesity status in middle-aged women. Developing an obesity management program that includes control of excessive eating, and consideration of menopausal status and history of chronic diseases would be prudent.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.19
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• pp.8325-8330
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• 2014

Background: It is known that obesity is one of the risk factors for breast cancer although the association may differ between ethnic groups and with the menopausal status. Recently obesity-related risk factors including serum adiponectin and insulin levels have been analyzed together with BMI in association with breast cancer risk. Materials and Methods: We measured serum high molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin and insulin levels in a hospital based case-control study, including 66 sets of Japanese female breast cancer cases and age and menopausal status matched controls. Serum levels of HMW adiponectin, insulin levels and body mass index (BMI) were examined in association with breast cancer risk with adjustment for the various known risk factors by menopausal status. Results: Women in the highest HMW adiponectin levels showed significant reduced risk of breast cancer in both pre and postmenopausal women (odds ratio (OR), 0.01; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.00-0.26 and 0.13; 0.03-0.57, respectively). Lower BMI showed decreased breast cancer risk in both pre and postmenopausal women (OR, 0.04; 95% CI, 0.00-0.69, OR, 0.28; 95% CI, 0.07-1.11, respectively). Conclusions: These results indicated that higher serum HMW adiponectin levels and lower BMI are associated with a decreased breast cancer risk in both pre and postmenopausal women in Japan, adding evidence for the obesity link.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.20-30
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• 2020

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to verify the effects of H Gambitang (GB-001) on body composition and basal metabolic rate in pre- and post-menopausal obese woman retrospectively. Methods: The study was conducted on 57 middle-aged obese women. They were divided into two groups; pre-menopausal obesity group (Pr-MOG; n=34) and post-menopausal obesity group (Po-MOG; amenorrhea was continued to 14~48 month, n=23) with no significant difference of age, height, body weight and body mass index. All subjects took herbal medicine 3 times a day, for 6 weeks during treatment period. The weight, height, body fat mass, skeletal muscle mass, and basal metabolic rate of all subjects were measured on first visit. The following measurements were repeated after 2 weeks (2nd), 4 weeks (3rd) and 6 weeks (4th) with Inbody 370 (Biospace) equipment to identify changes of body fat mass, skeletal muscle mass, and basal metabolic rate. Results are represented as mean and standard deviation. Results: Po-MOG showed significantly lower decrease rate in weight reduction on 2~6 weeks while significantly higher decrease rate in skeletal muscle reduction on 4~6 weeks. There were no significant differences between two groups in body fat reduction rate and basal metabolic increasing rate. Conclusions: H Gambitang (GB-001) can be used not only in Pr-MOG but in Po-MOG in weight loss although the effect can be lower in Po-MOG. To prevent skeletal muscle mass loss in Po-MOG, following study on adjusting dose and components of H Gambitang (GB-001) thought to be necessary.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.43-50
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• 2004

Objective : Obesity is associated with degenerative arthropathy giving stress on joints. It also amplifies loads of weight bearing joints by changing the gravity line of the body. Our aim is to investigate the correlation between obesity and lumbar lordosis in obese pre-menopausal Korean females. The hypothesis was tested that there is a correlation between obesity and lumbar lordosis. Methods : A cross-sectional evaluation of 44 Females (baseline age 30.77 ± 6.46) with BMI 31.53 ± 3.82 (kg/㎡) was done. Body composition was measured using bio-impedance analysis (BIA), and anthropometry was done by the same observer. A lateral whole spine X-ray was taken in standing position to measure the lumbar lordotic angle (LLA), Ferguson angle (FA) and lumbar gravity line (LGL). A Pearson correlation was used to measure the correlation between obesity and lumbar lordosis (SPSS 10.0 for windows). Results : Body mass index (BMI kg/㎡) had a negative relationship with LLA((equation omitted)=-0.469), FA((equation omitted) =-0.347) and LGL((equation omitted)=-0.389). Body fat rate had a negative relationship with LLA only(γ=-0.385). Waist circumference had a negative relationship with LLA((equation omitted)=-0.345) and LGL((equation omitted)=-0.346). WH ratio had no relationship with lumbar lordosis. Conclusion : These data show that obesity is related to mechanical structures, such as lumbar lordosis. BMI was the most useful index, which reflects a change of mechanical structure of lumbar, more than other variables in this study.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.75-88
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• 2024

Objectives: This study aimed to identify the current use of Korean medicine for obesity and its effect for women in climacteric period. Methods: We studied women aged 45-55 who visited Daejeon Korean medicine Hospital of Daejeon University to lose body weight from January 1, 2021 to December 31, 2022 via an analysis of the medical records. The treatment duration was continuous for more than 2 weeks, and a body composition was measured by Inbody 770 at 2 to 4 weeks after the first visit. Results: 28 patients were finally selected and their average age was 49.32±3.38 years. Based on the body mass index (BMI) classification, 19 were in the 1st obesity group, 5 in the 2nd obesity group, 3 in the overweight group and 1 in the normal group. Patients usually complained comcomitant symptoms, and the symptoms of menopausal disorder was the most frequent. The average treatment duration was 3.68±0.67 weeks and the average treatment frequency was 3.93±0.98 times. All patients took herbal medicines Gambi-tang and 23 took modified fasting therapy including Gamro-su. 14 were treated by whole body far-infrared therapy and 6 were gotten partial obesity treatment. Among patients treated for accompanying symptoms, menopausal disorders were the most common (35.71%), and herbal medicine such as Gamisoyou-san, Hominis Placenta Pharmacopuncture, moxibustion, and cupping were used. After treatment, on average, body composition changed significantly; body weight 3.28±1.82 kg, BMI 1.36±1.04 kg/m², body fat 1.70±1.67 kg, skeletal muscle mass 0.81±0.91 kg, abdominal circumference 2.04±2.6 cm, and visceral fat area 8.91±12.83 cm². Conclusions: We analyzed general characteristics, BMI distribution, types of Korean medicine treatment and change of body composition. This study could be used as reference to provide practical data of treatment for obese women in climacteric period.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.395-398
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• 2012

Objectives: Breast and colon cancer are neoplasms well known to be related to obesity. Adiponectin, a protein that increases in obesity, seems to be involved in the relationship but clinical data are limited. Methods: In this study, we therefore evaluated the serum adiponectin levels in 87 breast and 27 colon cancer patients and assessed the relation with BMI, menopausal status, receptor status and stage of disease. Results: Serum adiponectin levels were lower in cancer cases ($8583{\pm}2095$ ng/ml for breast cancer, $9513{\pm}2276$ for colon cancer) than in controls ($13905{\pm}3263$). Conclusion: A low serum adiponectin level may be associated with both breast and colon cancer, and that this association is not statistically significant for either receptor or menopausal status in breast cancer groups.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.13
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• pp.5423-5425
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• 2014

Purpose: To evaluate the risk factors for endometrial hyperplasia concomitant endometrial polyps in pre- and post-menopausal women. Materials and Methods: A total of 203 patients undergoing endometrial sampling before hysterectomy were evaluated in this retrospective study. Data recorded were age, gravidity, parity, body mass index (BMI: weight(kg)/$height(m)^2$), endometrial thickness (ET), menopausal status, presence of adenomyosis and diabetes mellitus. Results: Endometrial hyperplasia and polyps were detected in 13 patients. There were statistically significant differences in terms of age, menopausal status, morbid obesity and diabetes mellitus (p<0.005). Logistic regression demonstrated that menopausal status and presence of diabetes mellitus were independent risk factors. Conclusions: According to the current study; menopause and diabetes mellitus are strong risk factors for the presence of concomitant endometrial polyps and endometrial hyperplasia.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.163-171
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• 2022

This study was conducted to understand the research trends and central concepts of middle-aged women' health in Korea. For the analysis of this study, target papers published from 2012 to 2021 were collected by entering the keywords of 'middle-aged woman' or 'menopausal woman'. 1,116 papers were used for analysis. The co-occurrence network of key words was developed and analyzed, and the research trends were analyzed through topic modeling of the LSD by dividing it into five-year units (2012-2016, 2017-2021), and visualized word cloud and sociogram were used. The keywords that appeared the most during the last 10 years were obesity, depression, body composition, stress, and menopause symptom. Five topics analyzed in the thesis data for 5 years from 2012 to 2016 were 'postmenopausal self-efficacy and satisfaction enhancement strategy', 'exercise to manage obesity and risk factors', 'intervention for obesity and stress', 'promotion of happiness and life management' and 'menopausal depression and quality of life' were confirmed. Five topics of research conducted for the next five years (2017-2021) were 'menopausal depression and quality of life', 'management of obesity and cardiovascular risk factors', 'life experience as a middle-aged woman', and 'life satisfaction and psychological well-being' and 'menopausal symptom relief strategy'. Through the results, the trend of research topics related to middle-aged women's health over the past 10 years have been identified, and research on health of middle-aged women that reflects the trend of the future should be continued.