• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.29-42
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• 2004

Women are unlikely to receive an equal education, compared to men, in rural Korean society despite the equality in labor sharing. To address this issue this research aims to (a) analyze the educational needs for farming skills and daily life management in rural communities, and (b) develop a model for educational programs reflecting regional characteristics for the female farmers in order to make them experts in agriculture. A structured questionnaire was administered, using a group interview method, to 366 female farmers from the Jeonnam, Chungbuk, and Gyeonggi provinces with help of agricultural agents. The major components of the questionnaire dealt with individual peculiarities, educational environment, and curriculum and training subjects wanted by the female farmers. Educational program content was classified as daily life management, scientific farming and agricultural management skills to create systematic and effective programs. It was found that the critical factors for developing educational programs for the female farmers are as follows: a. It is necessary to develop a program combining daily life management skills and farming skills to make the female farmers experts in agriculture. b. Statistically significant differences were found in the female farmers' educational program participation and needs based educational level, age, educational expenditure, farm type, farming experience, and farm scale. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a program considering the fore-mentioned socioeconomic status and farming characteristics. c. It is important to establish an educational system for the female farmer to improve their quality of life as a minority group in Korean society. In addition, it is also necessary to develop public relations program to ensure that female farmers recognize the importance and necessity of the education.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제43권
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• pp.76-105
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• 2000

In the last two decades, the welfare states have undergone the changes of restructuring towards two ways. One is a restructuring of workfare and the other is a restructuring of the gender model of welfare state. In Korea, the workfare is reflecting on the DJ Welfarism 'Productive Welfare', but the gender model has a little effect on the public policies. By the way, It is imported that has the gender perspective in approaching the self-supporting program in the public assistance representing of the DJ Welfarism. Because almost 60% of the beneficiaries of the program are women. The Gender-mainstreaming strategy criticizes for the laws, the public policies, the public programs that considered gender-neutral or gender-blinded, and then complete the equality between women and men through the modification or development of those. The approach of Gender-mainstreaming is very important strategy for not only women who are self-reliance recipient but also successful settlement of self-supporting program. Nowadays that program is not execute yet. Then we hardly have information about recipients and the results that expected from that. At this point of gender-mainstreaming, this report suggest the strategy to development and settlement of the self-supporting program in the basics of analysis for the low-income unemployed and the government policy response to unemployment. For the gender models of the self-supporting program, the most important thing is throwing the male breadwinner model and adoption the dural-earner model (the gender model) about that program. Then we must produce gender-statistics data, develop programs for public work, job replacement, job training, evaluating system, etc. with gender perspective.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.139-149
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• 1999

It is very important to establish precisely the historical phases of nursing. We nurses should try to acquire the central social position in the health management system in the near the future, the 21st Century. Therefore my treatise aims to orient the desirable phases of the history of nursing through the feministic survey of the history of nursing from the post medieval epoche to the modern epoche. During the time of the renaissance which gave morning light to the modern epoche, the antique Athenian thinking of sex was again revived. Athenian excluded the women from the public and autonomous regions. All the medical activity, once dominated by the women, was misfortunately regarded as superstition acted by witches. Accordingly, the nursing women were to hunted as witches. In short, in the early modern epoche, women began to be excluded from the history of medical activities. In the middle modern epoche characterized by the enlightenment movement and early capital economic system, capitalistic patriarchal system began to be formed by change in the economic system. The status of women began to be greatly dropped below by the social distinction of the private dimension of home and the Public dimension of job. The woman was deprived of even the occasion to get the official license of medicine and medical institutions were handed to the state or the powerful and rich merchants. Accordingly, nursing acted mainly in the nunnery as the total approach to the patients was destructed wholly and transformed into the means of earning the money. Therefore unprepared low class -women began to engage in nursing only for the money. From then on, nursing activity was tunneled through the dark age for 200 years. In the late modern epoche characterized by the contrast of the accumulated vast capital by industrialization and vast poverty of the peoples, feminism began to float over the surface for the acquisition of equality of men and women from England. A feminist, Nightingale insisted that the women as nurses should be responsible for the healthy life of man. She tried the professional nursing education for women. Accordingly she not only contributed to the intellectual progress of women but also inspired in women the consciousness of the professional job. She tried to realize the ideal of at-that-time-feminists by engaging in nursing all through life. She really paved the road to contemporary nursing. In the near the future, I will write to describe how the late modern epoche nursing has fallen into the dilemma through the 1st and 2nd world wars and matured capitalism and to consider contemporary nursing with the status of women. All these papers aim to give proper recognition of nursing and right orientation of the future 21st Century nursing.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.43-49
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• 2016

본 논문은 다양한 국제지수로 우리나라의 성평등 현주소를 살펴본다. 성평등지수의 장점은 이 지표들을 활용하여 성평등을 위한 전략적이고 구체적인 정책방향을 제시할 수 있고, 국제비교가 가능한 장점을 가진다. 대표적으로 UNDP에서 개발한 GDI, GEM, GII와 WEF에서 개발한 GGI가 있다. 네 가지 지수들의 성격이 다르기 때문에 성평등지수에 대한 이해도를 높이기 위해 각 지수의 내용과 측정지표들을 소개하고, 각 지수에 따른 우리나라 순위를 살펴본다. 이 지표를 기준으로 보면 우리나라는 GDI는 상위권, GII는 중상위권, GEM GGI는 최하위권에 속하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 국제지수 순위를 통해 우리나라의 경우 포괄적이고 실제적인 성평등을 이루기 위해서 정치참여와 경제영역에서 성평등이 시급하다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 가정∙방문간호학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.219-229
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• 2018

Purpose: This study explored the sexual harassment-related experience, awareness, coping, and institutional prevention schemes for health personnel in industrial settings. Methods: Data were collected using self - report questionnaires from 300 health personnels. Data were collected between September 1 and December 31, 2017. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: Health personnels experienced 29% of sexual harassment, in order of verbal, visual, physical. The frequency of sexual harassment was higher when women were younger, particularly younger than men. Although the average health personnel's awareness of sexual harassment was high, the common coping style was passive such as distancing form the perpetrator. Institutional efforts to prevent sexual harassment included separating employees and staff, but perpetrators tended to account for a high proportion of the supervisors and staff. Conclusion: Health care managers should develop an effective and effective sexual harassment prevention education program by raising gender equality awareness in relation to the awareness of sexual harassment and identifying the influencing factors that can bring about appropriate sexual harassment coping behavior.

• 융합보안논문지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.167-174
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• 2024

현대전에서 예비전력은 매우 중요한 역할을 한다. 그동안 예비전력에 대한 주 관심 대상은 남성이었고, 여군 예비전력은 거의 관심을 받지 못해 왔다. 이제는 여러 상황 변화에 따라 여군 예비전력의 필요성에 관심을 가져야 할 때이다. 인구감소에 따라 상비군 전력 자원뿐 아니라 예비전력의 자원 감소, 전쟁 양상변화에 따른 여군이 장점을 가지고 임무수행할 수 있는 분야의 발전, 그리고 양성평등 및 여성의 사회적 역할 증대의 시대적 상황 변화가 주요한 요인이라고 볼 수 있다. 군에서 현역 여군이 증가하는 이유이기도 하다. 그러나, 현재 전역 여군은 예비군에 편입되는 것이 필수가 아닌 선택사항이다. 예비군 편입을 희망하는 퇴역 여군 수가 증가하지 않는 경우, 현역 여군 수가 증가함에 따라 예비군에 편입되는 간부의 수는 감소하게 될 수 있다. 이에 본 연구의 목적은 전역 여군의 예비역 편입 확대 필요성과 현역 여군의 증가가 예비역 여군 전력에 미치는 영향을 연구하는 것이다.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.123-139
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• 2003

This study examines the characteristics of 45 sects of seven new aboriginal religious groups in Korea including Jeungsan sect, Tangun sect, Soowoon sect, Won Buddhism, Bongnam sect, Gahksedo sect, Shamanism sect through field study and various documents. The purpose of the study is to elucidate how their religious ideas are reflected in their ceremonial costumes and what characteritics and underlying meanings these costumes have, and I reached the following conclusions 1. The new religious groups in Korea modified or mixed the designs or names of existing outfits to convey their ideas or beliefs in their costumes. 2. The costumes of new religious groups turned out to have certain characteristics in common: they all reflected the times, Korean tradition, ancestor worship. 3. I looked at the symbolicity, names, and types of the outfit, and their color scheme to establish their structural characteristics, and it turned out that they an symbolized the creeds and ideas of each religion. The names of the costumes such as Way-Robe, Law-Robe, and Ceremony-Robe, for instance, had to do with Buddhism Taoism, and Confucianism. The most common type of costume consisted of traditional hanbok top, pant, robe, and some type of headpiece for men, and hanbok top and, skirt for women, and if women were to wear a robe, it usually meant the sect believed in sexual equality. There was also a tendency to simplify or minimize the dress code, which seems to indicate that the sect was trying to adapt itself to, the times. The most common type of the outer garment for men was a robe with narrow sleeves, straight lapel, and no slits, and a robe with wide sleeves, straight lapel, and slits for women. The color scheme of the costumes included blue, white, yellow, red, and black, reflecting the influence of the Yin-Yang and Five Elements idea and traditional preference for white of Koreans. 4. These religious costumes were worn at various ceremonies, ritual, and various anniversary services for the master and other dignitaries of the sect to render greater piety to those gatherings, to distinguish the sect from other religious groups, to clarify the meaning of the ceremony, and to heighten the devout feelings of the participants. Thus, the structure (the symbolicity, names, and types of the outfit, and their color scheme) and religious background of the costumes of the new aboriginal religious groups in Korea turned out to have inherited and mixed various element of traditional Korean outfit and those of existing religions to symbolize their religious ideas. Many religions in and fall, and each has its own dress codes, and I hope this study provides a framework and data for other researchers and leaders of new religious groups that will emerge in the future.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제17권10호
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• pp.439-446
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• 2019

한국 문화 전반에 성 평등을 주제로 한 페미니즘이 중요한 이슈로 연구 대상적 가치가 급상승하였다. 페미니즘 영화란 단지 여성의 권익을 주장하거나 옹호하는 차원의 수준이 아닌 과거 남성들이 창조한 스토리 속에서 대상화되거나 타자화 된 인물로 왜곡, 인위적으로 묘사되던 그릇된 여성의 모습이 아닌 시선과 사고의 본질적 주체로서 사회 속 개인의 삶의 문제를 근원적으로 탐구하는 영화라고 할 수 있다. 이와 같은 관점에서 전고운 감독의 영화 '소공녀(2018)'를 분석하였으며 영화 속에는 남성 편향적 고정관념과 불평등적 사회구조에도 주인공의 꿋꿋한 자기 선택과 초월적 사고를 보여주는 페미니즘 적인 주제를 표현하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 대중영화가 세상에 대한 넓은 식견을 키우는 교육 계몽적 성격을 견지하고 성숙한 사회문화를 선도해야 한다는 관점에서 이와 같은 사회에 대한 전지적 통찰과 이상적 인간관에 대한 제고 등을 다룬 영화는 사회를 긍정적이고 이상적으로 바꾸는 데 큰 역할을 할 것이라고 생각된다.

• 한국수학사학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.19-48
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• 2008

본고에서는 현대 추상대수학의 기반을 닦은 독일 여성수학자 에미 뇌터의 수학적 삶의 역사를 살펴보고 수학자, 수학교사 등 수학전문가를 양성하는 대학 수학교육에 주는 시사점을 찾아보고자 하였다. 최근 Hyde et al.([14])은 수학 표준화 시험에서 미국의 2-11학년 학생들이 젠더 간 격차를 거의 보이고 있지 않음에도 불구하고, 대학이나 연구소 등 수학 관련 분야에서 전문가로 종사하는 여성수학자나 여성과학자의 비율이 남성에 비해 크게 뒤지고 있음을 지적하였다. 또한 Guise et al.([13])도 국제 수학성취도 비교를 위한 2003-PISA 연구결과를 토대로 하여 젠더 평등지수가 떨어지는 국가일수록 젠더 간 수학성취도 차이가 크다는 관계를 규명하였다. 에미 괴터는 여학생이 대학교육을 받는 것조차 어려웠던 시대에 젠더와 인종 등 사회적 편견과 차별, 그로 인한 경제적인 역경을 극복하면서 현대 추상대수학이라는 새로운 분야를 창조해 낸 20세기 가장 위대한 수학자라 불리는 독일의 여성수학자이다. 에미 뇌터는 수학자로 살면서 경험한 모든 편견과 차별은 비본질적인 것이며 수학만이 자신의 삶 속에서 추구해야 할 본질적인 것이라 판단하였고, 이를 실제 삶 속에서 실천하였고 궁극적으로는 기존 수학의 차원을 통합하거나 넘어서는 새로운 수학을 창조해냈다. 전 생애 동안 편견과 차별을 경험하면서 단 하나의 본질 즉, '수학' 탐구에만 몰입한 에미 뇌터의 삶은 오늘날 수학, 과학 분야의 연구자와 이 분야의 전공과 직업을 택하려는 대학생들 모두에게 실천적 리더십 사례로 평가된다. 특히 이공계 분야 여학생들에게는 혹독한 편견과 차별에 대해 에미 뇌터가 실천적으로 보여준 초연함, 끈기와 인내심, 그리고 수학(학문)에 대한 순수한 열정을 통해 최고 수준의 수학, 과학 탐구와 창조에서 젠더격차가 존재하지 않는다는 것을 이해하는 계기가 되기를 기대한다.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.93-100
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• 2015

Purpose - Since the early 1990s, it has been observed that the number and substance of studies on female leadership have been increasing. One of the reasons for this development may be concerned with the increasing number of female labor market participants as well as the greater opportunities for them to take higher positions in various organizations. In addition to this, the transition from mechanistic organizational structures that emphasize authority, control, and efficiency toward organic ones that focus on environmental adaptability, equality, and trust has also encouraged research on female leadership. The research tendency is based on the assumption that male and female leaders tend to exhibit different leadership styles according to their gender differences. Recent research has cast doubt on this assumption, by showing that the sociological gender roles of men and women are independent such that some female leaders show authoritative and control-oriented leadership, which were once considered to be male leadership styles. Research design, data, and methodology - This research attempts to carry out an empirical study on the gender-related leadership styles of female leaders and to examine their effect on group performance in the K business organization. This study also focuses on leader attributes such as trust, and it aims to discover whether these attributes should be regarded as independent or as moderating variables between leadership styles and performance. For these purposes, this study generated four hypotheses based on a review of the literature and it tested them using a survey. Female workers in the sales departments of the K Company, all of whom are women, were asked to provide answers to the presented questionnaires. This study hypothesizes that the type of gender roles played by women leaders will affect the job satisfaction and organizational commitment among the members of the sales group, and that the level of trust that is garnered by women leaders will also affect the types of gender roles that they play as well as employee job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Results - The results of this study show that both androgynous and masculine leadership styles are superior to the feminine leadership style in terms of employee job satisfaction and organizational commitment. However, contrary to our expectations, this study fails to show the superiority of the androgynous leadership style over the masculine leadership style. Moreover, there are no significant differences between these two leadership styles with regard to group performance. Conclusions - This study shows that it is important that different attributes of leaders, such as how trusted they are, be treated as moderating variables between leadership and performance rather than as independent variables. Finally, as this is the first attempt to view the role of the gender in a new perspective, the managerial implications of this study for leadership research, as well as its limitations, are presented. Suggestions for future related research are also proposed.