• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.42-54
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• 2023

It is an important issue to compress huge holographic data in a digital format. In particular, research on the compression of phase-only holograms for commercialization is noteworthy. Conventional video coding standards optimized for natural images are not suitable for compressing phase signals, and neural network-based compression model that can be optimized for phase signals can achieve high performance, but has a memory issue in learning high-resolution holographic data. In this paper, we show that by applying a block-based learned image compression model that can solve memory problems to phase-only holograms, the proposed method can demonstrate significant performance improvement over standard codecs even under the same conditions as block-based. Block-based learned compression model can provide compatibility with conventional standard codecs, solve memory problems, and can perform significantly better against phase-only hologram compression.

• Journal of Platform Technology
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.50-61
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• 2023

The advancement of various big data technologies has had a tremendous impact on many industries. Diverse big data research studies have been conducted to process and analyze massive data quickly. Under these circumstances, new emerging technologies such as high-capacity persistent memory (PMEM) and Compute Express Link (CXL) have lately attracted significant attention. However, little investigation into a big data "search" platform has been made. Moreover, most big data software platforms have been still optimized for traditional DRAM-based computing systems. This paper first evaluates the basic performance of Intel Optane PMEM, and then investigates both indexing and searching performance of Elasticsearch, a widely-known enterprise big data search platform, on the PMEM-based computing system to explore its effectiveness and possibility. Extensive and comprehensive experiments shows that the proposed Optane PMEM-based Elasticsearch achieves indexing and searching performance improvement by an average of 1.45 times and 3.2 times respectively compared to DRAM-based system. Consequently, this paper demonstrates the high I/O, high-capacity, and nonvolatile PMEM-based computing systems are very promising for big data search platforms.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.79-85
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• 2024

The effects of annealing heat treatment and the addition of Cu element on the shape memory effect of the NiTi-based alloy were investigated by analyzing differential scanning calorimeter results and characterizing recovery rate through 3D scanning after Vickers hardness test. Through 3D scanning of impressions after Vickers hardness test, the strain recovery rates for specimens without annealing treatment and annealed specimens at 400, 450, and 500℃ were measured as 45.96%, 46.76%, 52.37%, and 43.57%, respectively. This is because as the annealing temperature increases, both B19' and NiTi₂ phases, which can impede martensitic transformation, are incorporated within the NiTi matrix. Particularly, additional phase transformation from R-phase to B19' observed in specimens annealed at 400 and 450℃ significantly contributes to the improvement in strain recovery rates. Additionally, the results regarding the Cu element content indicate that when the total content of Ni and Cu is below 49.6 at.%, the precipitation of fine B19' and NiTi₂ phases within the matrix can greatly influence the transformation enthalpy and temperature range, resulting in relatively lower strain recovery rates in NiTi alloys with a small amount of Cu element produced in this study.

• Journal of KIISE:Databases
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.516-526
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• 2004

Main-Memory DataBase(MMDB) system where all the data reside on the main memory shows tremendous performance boost since it does not need any disk access during the transaction processing. Since MMDB still needs disk logging for transaction commit, it has become another bottleneck for the transaction throughput and the commit protocol should be examined carefully. There have been several attempts to reduce the logging overhead. The pre-commit and group commit are two well known techniques which do not require additional hardware. However, there has not been any research to analyze their effect on MMDB system. In this paper, we identify the possibility of deadlock resulting from the group commit and propose the disk group commit protocol which can be readily deployed. Using extensive simulation, we have shown that the group commit is effective on improving the MMDB transaction performance and the proposed disk group commit almost always outperform carefully tuned group commit. Also, we note that the pre-commit does not have any effect when used alone but shows some improvement if used in conjunction with the group commit.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.131-145
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• 2008

With tablets and powder, decoction has been a widely-used method of medicine formula. However, for these formulas have unique bitter tastes and flavors of herbal component materials as it is, the compliance of herbal medicine is severly decreased especially for female and younger patients. Consequently, expected treatment effects can't be acquired completely. If loathsome tastes and flavors of decoction were effectively reduced while pharmacological activity were kept intact, the compliance could be promoted Chong-Myung-Tang has been widely prescribed for student patients with memory This study shows that Chong-Myung-Tang+chocolate have no difference from Chong-Myung-Tang in terms of pharmacological activity. Sensory difference with net chocolate was also surved. In order to observe the difference of Chong-Myung-Tang+chocolate and Chong-Myung-Tang, memory impairment was induced by intraventricular injection of $A{\beta}_{25-35}$ peptides on mice and Chong-Myung-Tang and Chong-Myung-Tang+chocolate were administered orally for 14 days. In water maze task, improvement of learning ability during acquisition period and significant increase of memory score during retention period resulted from the treatment of Chong-Myung-Tang and Chong-Myung-Tang+chocolate with respect to the $A{\beta}-injected$ control animals. Furthermore, the $A{\beta}_{25-35}$ toxicity on the hippocampus was assessed with immunohistochemistry (Bax, TUNEL), and differences in antioxidant activity was observed through TBARS and DPPH test. We employed sensory tests using chocolate flavor, herb flavor, and bitter taste & hardness as standards to show sensory differences with net chocolate. In this study, it is demonstrated that Chong-Myung-Tang+chocolate do not disturb the pharmacological activity of Chong-Myung-Tang, and have no sensory difference with net chocolate. Chong-Myung-Tang+chocolate can be used to enhance the compliance remarkably and thought of as an effective, functional formula to maximize expected treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.8
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• pp.1190-1196
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanism and effects of different types of ginseng on memory improvement in an experimental rat model. In this study, SD rats were induced for memory deficits through scopolamine treatment (1 mg/kg, i.p.) then administrated with ginseng extract for 7 weeks. The rats were divided into five groups: saline (1 mL/kg, NC: negative control), white ginseng (300 mg/kg, WG), red ginseng (300 mg/kg, RG), black ginseng (300 mg/kg, BG), and scopolamine (1 mg/kg, PC: positive control). The step through latency of the BG and RG groups was significantly longer than the PC group in the retention trial of multiple trial passive avoidance test. In the spatial reference memory triads of the Morris water maze test, the latency time of BG and RG was significantly lower than the PC group. In addition, in the prove test, the time spent in the platform quadrant of BG and RG groups were significantly longer than the PC group. Brain choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activities BG and RG groups significantly increased compared to other groups. On the other hand, the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) were significantly lower in the BG and RG groups compared to other groups. These result suggested that black ginseng could be useful to enhance learning memory and cognitive function by regulation of cholinergic enzymes.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.703-709
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• 2019

This paper proposes speech recognition systems employing Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) structures combined with Hidden Markov Moldel (HMM) to effectively recognize the speech of VeloPharyngeal Insufficiency (VPI) patients, and compares the recognition performance of the systems to the Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM-HMM) and fully-connected Deep Neural Network (DNNHMM) based speech recognition systems. In this paper, the initial model is trained using normal speakers' speech and simulated VPI speech is used for generating a prior model for speaker adaptation. For VPI speaker adaptation, selected layers are trained in the CNN-HMM based model, and dropout regulatory technique is applied in the LSTM-HMM based model, showing 3.68 % improvement in recognition accuracy. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed LSTM-HMM-based speech recognition system is effective for VPI speech with small-sized speech data, compared to conventional GMM-HMM and fully-connected DNN-HMM system.

• The Journal of Korean society of community based occupational therapy
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.23-31
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• 2019

Objective : The purpose of this study is to repeatedly conduct task-oriented training in scopolamine-induced dementia rats and as a result observe changes in the content of acetylcholine, a marker of cognitive function and central nervous system plasticity, to identify the improvement effect of dementia. Methods : It consisted of two groups. One group I was that did not perform task-oriented training in scopolamine-induced dementia rats and the other group II was that performed task-oriented training. Task-oriented training involved stretching, grasping and moving arms and walking obstacles on the legs. We performed a quantified passive avoidance test in the measurement of memory for cognitive function and compared the change in the content of acetylcholine for the plasticity of the central nervous system. Results : The results of the study are as follows: First, there was a significant improvement in cognitive function since the 4th days after task-oriented training of scopolamine-induced dementia rats(.00). Second, task-oriented training applied to scopolamine-induced dementia rats showed a significant increase in acetylcholine content. Conclusion : In this study, task-oriented training, which is often performed on senile dementia patients during occupational therapy intervention, was scientifically demonstrated in scopolamine-induced dementia rats by enhancement of cognitive function through memory improvement and increase in the content of acetylcholine confirming central nervous system plasticity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2016

This study was conducted to investigate effect of the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor activity, the protective effect of the extract on SH-SY5Y cell death by $H_2O_2$, the memory improvement from scopolamine-induced rat. Moreover, the antioxidant activity of isorhamnetin from the dropwort (Oenanthe javanica) was investigated. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor activity was highest (28.59%) in Hwasun O. javanica extract (H-OJE). H-OJE and Naju O. javanica extract (N-OJE) were not significantly different. SH-SY5Y cell death deceased to 37.23% and 36.68% for H-OJE and N-OJE, respectively, following treatment with the extracts. O. javanica extracts showed a protective effect against $H_2O_2$-induced neurotoxicity. Treatment with O. javanica extracts slightly improved scopolamine-induced (1 mg/kg, i.p.) memory impairment in rats. H-OJE contained the highest total phenolic and flavonoid contents of 117 mg/g and 30 mg gallic acid equivalents/g, respectively, and had a DPPH radical scavenging activity ($SC_{50}$) of $113.8{\mu}g/mL$ and ABTS radical scavenging activity of $48.2{\mu}g/mL$, which was higher than the other extracts. The thiobarbituric acid reactive substances value was highest (50.2%) in H-OJE. Antioxidant activity differed significantly among dropwort extracts. Isorhamnetin was known as one of the flavonoid and for having neuroprotective effect. So we analyzed acid-hydrolyzed O. javanica extract HPLC. The results were that peak at 14 min and spectrum of the extracts was consistent with standard solution. The results of LC/MS/MS analysis were that the extract and standard solution were confirmed total ion chromatogram at identical time, precursor ion was 317 $[M-H]^+$ m/z, product ion was 302 $[M-H]^+$ m/z. Overall, the results showed that the dropwort extract led to memory improvement and had antioxidant activity. Based on these finding, further research to investigate the production of ethanol extract of dropwort as a processed food is warranted.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.475-483
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• 2016

The current study was conducted to evaluate beneficial effects of a new formula (CWC-9) using four traditional Oriental medicinal herbs, Cynanchum wilfordii, Rehmannia glutinosa, Polygala tenuifolia, and Acorus gramineus, on hippocampal cells and memory function. To examine the neuroprotective effects of a new four-herb extract, cell viability, cytotoxicity, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) assays were performed in HT22 cells and behavioral tests (Morris water maze and passive avoidance retention), Western blot, and immunohistochemistry were performed in a mouse model of focal cerebral ischemia. In HT22 hippocampal cells, pretreatment with CWC-9 resulted in significantly reduced glutamate-induced cell death with suppression of ROS accumulation caused by glutamate. In a mouse model of focal cerebral ischemia, we observed significant improvement of spatial and short-term memory function by treatment with CWC-9. Phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) in hippocampus of ischemic mice were decreased by treatment with CWC-9, but phosphorylated phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) and cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) were significantly enhanced. By immunohistochemical analysis, we confirmed higher expression of phosphorylation of CREB in the hippocampal neurons of CWC-9 treated mice. These results suggest that new multi-herb formula CWC-9 mainly exerted beneficial effects on cognitive function through regulation of neuro-protective signaling pathways associated with CREB.