• 예술인문사회 융합 멀티미디어 논문지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.747-756
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• 2019

통역을 학습하는 학생들은 수업 외에도 추가적인 학습 및 훈련을 수행한다. 동시통역 및 순차통역에서 두 언어의 구조가 다르기 때문에 통역가는 발표 내용을 빠르게 기억해야 한다. 단기 기억 향상을 위해서 통역을 학습하는 학생들은 메모리 훈련을 수행한다. 메모리 훈련은 파트너가 필요하기 때문에 학습 효율성이 저하되고 자가 학습이 불가능하다. 이를 해결하기 위해서 컴퓨터 기반의 단기 기억 훈련 시스템이 제안되었다. 지문 내 단어를 특수문자로 변경함으로써 학생들이 파트너 없이도 자가 학습이 가능하다. 하지만 컴퓨터는 휴대성이 떨어지기 때문에 외부에서는 학습 능률이 저하된다. 제거되는 단어보다 키워드로 제공하는 단어의 수가 더 많아서 학습 난이도가 저하된다. 이를 해결하기 위해서, 본 논문에서는 스마트 단말 기반의 문장구역 훈련 시스템을 제안하였다. 스마트 단말은 휴대성이 높아 학습의 제한이 없어 효율이 증가한다. 제안하는 훈련 시스템에서는 삭제되는 단어수가 키워드보다 더 많도록 하여 학습 난이도가 증가한다. 제안한 훈련 시스템을 구현하고 기능을 검증하였다.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.139-147
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• 2009

메모리 기반 추론 기법은 단순히 학습패턴이나 대표패턴의 형태로 메모리에 저장하며 테스트 패턴과의 거리 계산을 통하여 분류한다. 이 기법의 가장 큰 문제점은 학습 패턴 전체를 메모리에 저장하거나 학습 패턴들을 대표 패턴으로 대체하는 방법을 사용함으로 다른 기계학습 방법에 비하여 많은 메모리 공간을 필요로 하며, 저장되는 학습패턴이 증가할수록 분류에 필요한 시간도 많이 소요된다는 단점을 갖는다. 본 논문은 효율적인 메모리 사용과 분류 성능의 향상을 위한 EAS 기법을 제안하였다. 즉, 학습패턴에 대해 분할공간을 생성한 후 생성된 각 분할공간을 MDL기법과 PM기법으로 평가하였다. 그리고 평가 결과 가장 우수한 분할공간만을 취하여 대표패턴으로 삼고 나머지는 다시 분할하여 평가를 반복하는 기법이다. UCI Machine Learning Repository에서 벤치마크 데이터를 발췌한 실험 자료를 사용하여 제안한 기법의 성능과 메모리 사용량에 있어 우수함을 입증하였다.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.237-245
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• 1997

The study was designed to evaluate the significant roles of SSRI in rat of depression model. Chronic exposure to mild unpredictable stress has been found to depress the consumption of sweet 1% sucrose solutions in the Sprague-Dawley rats. We applied the variety of 11 types of stress regimens and identified depressive behaviours(developed by Willner) in 70 Sprague-Dawley rats. Rats in experiments were stratified into 6 groups, ie ; 3 kinds of SSRI(paroxetine, fluoxetine, sertraline), clomipramine, choline and saline control. Memory function was evaluated by passive avoidance learning and retention test. The authors determined how long memory retention would remain improved with 24 hour, 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, and 4 weeks at training-testing interval in depressive states of the Sprague-Dawley rats. The results were as follows ; 1) There were no significant differences between the 6 groups at the 24 hour training-testing interval. 2) The paroxetine treated group showed significant differences from the control group at the 1 week and 2 weeks training-testing interval. 3) The paroxetine and the fluoxetine treated groups showed singificant differences from the control group at 3 week training-testing interval. 4) The paroxetine and the choline treated groups showed significant differences from the control group at 4 week training-testing interval. In summary, paroxetine had an effect on long term memory processing from 1st week to 4th week. Also, fluoxetine(at 3rd week) and choline(at 4th week) had effect on long term memory processing. Sertraline, clomipramine were ineffective on memory processing during 4 weeks observation. Possible explanations why paroxetine had early effect on memory processing than the other selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are rapid bioavailability, which is the characteristics of pharmacokinetics of paroxetine. In clinical situation, author carefully suggest that SSRI would be beneficial to improve the memory function caused by depressive neurochemical changes.

• Journal of Platform Technology
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.71-79
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• 2023

이 논문에서는 기계학습 워크로드의 특징을 분석하고 이를 기반으로 기계학습 워크로드의 성능 향상을 위한 분산 인-메모리 캐싱 기법을 제안한다. 기계학습 워크로드의 핵심은 모델 학습이며 모델 학습은 컴퓨팅 집약적 (Computation Intensive)인 작업이다. 쿠버네티스 기반 클라우드 환경에서 컴퓨팅 프레임워크와 스토리지를 분리한 구조에서 기계학습 워크로드를 수행하는 것은 자원을 효과적으로 할당할 수 있지만, 네트워크 통신을 통해 IO가 수행되야 하므로 지연이 발생할 수 있다. 이 논문에서는 이런 환경에서 수행되는 머신러닝 워크로드의 성능을 향상하기 위한 분산 인-메모리 캐싱 기법을 제안한다. 특히, 제안하는 방법은 쿠버네티스 기반의 머신러닝 파이프라인 관리 도구인 쿠브플로우를 고려하여 머신러닝 워크로드에 필요한 데이터를 분산 인-메모리 캐시에 미리 로드하는 새로운 방법을 제안한다.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.115-121
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• 2011

Previous studies have demonstrated that N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors and acetylcholine receptors are related to learning and memory in rat and mice. In this study, we examined the effects of MK-801, a non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist, on learning and memory in zebrafish using a passive avoidance test. We further tested whether or not nicotine, a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist, and physostigmine, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, reverse the effects of MK-801. Crossing time was increased significantly in the training and test sessions for the controls. When 20 ${\mu}M$ MK-801 was administered prior to the training session, the crossing time did not increase in either session. The MK-801-induced learning deficit was rescued by pretreatment with 20 ${\mu}M$ physostigmine, and crossing time was increased in the training and test sessions compared to the MK-801-treated zebrafish. Further, the MK-801-induced learning deficit was prevented by pretreatment with 20 ${\mu}M$ nicotine, and crossing time was increased in the training session but not in the test session. These results show that MK-801 induced a learning deficit in zebrafish that was prevented by pretreatment with nicotine and physostigmine.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.177-188
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• 2024

In this research, a cohort of two children, aged 7-8 years, was selected to participate in a specialized three-week training program aimed at enhancing their working memory. The program consisted of three sessions, each lasting approximately 30 minutes. The primary goal was to investigate the impact and developmental trajectory of working memory in school-aged children. Working memory plays a significant role in young children's learning and daily activities. To address the needs of this demographic, products should offer both educational and enjoyable activities that engage working memory. Digital educational tools, known for their flexibility, are suitable for both older individuals and young children. By updating software or modifying content, these tools can be effectively repurposed for young learners without extensive hardware changes, making them both cost-effective and practical. For example, memory training games initially designed for older adults can be adapted for young children by altering images, music, or storylines. Furthermore, incorporating elements familiar to children, like animals, toys, or fairy tales, can increase their engagement in these activities. Historically, working memory capabilities have been assessed predominantly through traditional intelligence tests. However, recent research questions the adequacy of these behavioral measures in accurately detecting changes in working memory. To bridge this gap, the current study utilized electroencephalography (EEG) as a more sophisticated and precise tool for monitoring potential changes in working memory after the training. The research findings were revealing. Participants showed marked improvement in their performance on n-back tasks, a standard measure for evaluating working memory. This improvement post-training strongly supports the effectiveness of the training program. The results indicate that such targeted and structured training programs can significantly enhance the working memory abilities of children in this age group, providing promising implications for educational strategies and cognitive development interventions.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.309-317
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• 2009

본 연구는 뇌손상 흰쥐에서 기억과 학습훈련을 통해 인지기능회복과 해마의 신경 성장인자에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 뇌손상은 Sprague-Dawley계 흰쥐 36마리를 중대뇌동맥(middle cerebral artery)을 폐색하여 유발하였고, 실험 군들은 3개 군으로 분류하였다; 실험 군 I은 뇌손상유발 군(n=12), 실험 군 II는 뇌손상 유발 후 트레드밀훈련 군(n=12), 실험 군 Ⅲ은 뇌손상 유발 후 기억과 학습훈련 군(n=12)으로 나누었다. 인지기능 검사를 위해 수중모리스미로 습득검사와 파지검사를 실시하였으며, 조직학적 검사는 해마조직의 BDNF(brain-derived neurotrophic factor) 면역조직화학 반응을 관찰하였다. 수중모리스미로 습득 검사(Morris water maze acquisition test)는 시간과 군사이의 교호작용이 유의한 차이가 나타났고(p<.001), III군에서 9일에서 12일째까지 원형도피대를 찾는 시간이 I, II군에 비해 단축되었다. 수중모리스미로 파지검사(retention test)는 군 사이에서도 유의한 차이가 나타났으며(p<.001), 13일째 III군에서 원형도피대가 있었던 사분원에 배회하는 시간이 가장 길었다. 조직학적 검사는 III군에서 7일째 해마조직의 CA1에서 BDNF의 면역조직화학반응이 I, II군에 비해 면역양성반응의 증가를 관찰하였다. 뇌손상 흰쥐에서 기억과 학습훈련이 신경성장인자 발현 변화와 이로 인한 신경연접 가소성의 변화를 통해 인지기능회복에 더 좋은 영향을 주었다.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.368-379
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• 2013

Efficiency in work training is a perennial issue due to high-diversity low-volume production, particularly for manufacturers producing office machines which are manually assembled by workers. To reduce the training cost, parts used in training are usually reused; a trainer disassembles a product assembled by a worker in training. This paper proposes a training method that employs disassembly usually performed by a trainer. This method assigns both assembly and disassembly to a worker in training, in contrast to the conventional method. The effectiveness of the proposed method is experimentally discussed in terms of learning assembly motions and work procedure at each learning stage, namely, "undergoing learning," "immediately after learning," and "seven days after learning." The effectiveness of the training method is confirmed. The method improves the stability of work procedure recollection immediately after training. Furthermore, at seven days after training, it improves retention of the assembly motions and work procedure, and also promotes and maintains memory related to product structure.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.266-277
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to design a mobile-application of a cognitive training program for people who have chemo-related cognitive complaints. Methods: The program was developed based on the network-based instructional system design proposed by Jung. The program consisted of several tasks centered on four cognitive domains: learning, memory, working memory, and attention. For memory learning, a target-image and all its elements (color, position, and number) were presented on the screen that had to be recognized among a number of distractor-figures. In working memory training, the previous learned target-figure according to the level of difficulty had to be remembered among many different figures. In attention training named "Find the same figure," two identical symbols in a grid-pattern filled with different images were presented on the screen, and these had to be simultaneously touched. In attention training named "Find the different figure," a different symbol in a grid pattern filled with same figures had to be selected. This program was developed to train for a minimum of 20 min/day, four days/week for six weeks. Results: This cognitive training revealed statistically significant improvement in subjective cognitive impairments (t=3.88, p=.006) at six weeks in eight cancer survivors. Conclusion: This cognitive training program is expected to offer individualized training opportunities for improving cognitive function and further research is needed to test the effect in various settings.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.294-300
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• 2011

Takju is a Korean alcoholic beverage made from rice, and is brewed with the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of exercise training and moderate Takju consumption on learning ability in 6-week old Sprague-Dawley male rats. The rats were treated with exercise and alcohol for 4 weeks in six separate groups as follows: non-exercised control (CC), exercised control (EC), non-exercised consuming ethanol (CA), exercised consuming ethanol (EA), non-exercised consuming Takju (CT), and exercised consuming Takju (ET). An AIN-93M diet was provided ad libitum. Exercise training was performed at a speed of 10 m/min for 15 minutes per day. Ethanol and Takju were administered daily for 6-7 hours to achieve an intake of about 10 ml after 12 hours of deprivation, and, thereafter, the animals were allowed free access to deionized water. A Y-shaped water maze was used from the third week to understand the effects of exercise and alcohol consumption on learning and memory. After sacrifice, brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was analyzed. Total caloric intake and body weight changes during the experiment were not significantly different among the groups. AChE activity was not significantly different among the groups. The number of errors for position reversal training in the maze was significantly smaller in the EA group than that in the CA and ET groups, and latency times were shorter in the EA group than those in the CC, EC, CT, and ET groups. The latency difference from the first to the fifth day was shortest in the ET group. The exercised groups showed more errors and latency than those of the non-exercised groups on the first day, but the data became equivalent from the second day. The results indicate that moderate exercise can increase memory and learning and that the combination of exercise and Takju ingestion may enhance learning ability.