• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.409-414
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• 2009

본 연구는 녹용 추출물이 scopolamine으로 기억손상을 유발한 실험동물의 기억력 개선과 AChE, MAO-B의 활성억제, 신경전달 물질인 ACh 함량을 치매 치료제인 tacrine과 비교하여 분석하였다. 공간인지력을 평가하는 Morris water maze test에서 scopolamine(2 mg/kg, i.p.)으로 기억손상을 유발한 경우 4일간의 인지훈련에도 불구하고 platform을 찾아가는 escape latency 시간이 증가되었으며, tacrine과 녹용추출물 투여군은 훈련 2일째부터 유의적으로 escape latency 시간이 감소하였다. 실험 5일째 platform을 제거한 probe test에서도 녹용 추출물 처리군은 scopolamine 처리군보다도 escape latency 시간이 유의적으로 감소하여 장기기억 개선효과가 있음을 보여주었다. 뇌의 신경전달물질인 ACh 생성은 대조군 대비 scopolamine 투여군은 84.7% 감소하였으나, 녹용 추출물 투여군(97.5%)은 치매 치료제인 tacrine(97.8%)과 비슷하게 정상적인 수치로 ACh 생성량을 증가시켰다. Tacrine 처리군은 scopolamine 투여로 상승한 뇌조직과 혈청의 AChE 활성을 유의적으로 감소시켰고, 녹용 추출물 처리군은 뇌조직의 AChE 활성을 유의적으로 감소시켰다. 뇌조직의 MAO-B 활성은 그룹 간 유의적인 차이는 없었으나, tacrine과 녹용 추출물 처리군이 scopolamine 투여군보다 MAO-B 활성을 감소시키는 경향을 보였다. 따라서 녹용 추출물은 scopolamine으로 기억손상을 유발한 치매 동물모델에서 신경전달물질을 분해하는 효소의 활성을 저해함으로써 장기기억 활성을 촉진하고 콜린성 신경계를 자극하여 기억 및 학습 증진에 효과적으로 작용하는 천연물 유래 기능성 물질로 사료된다.

• 수면정신생리
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.122-132
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• 2005

배 경：본 연구에서는 청년기 기면병 환자의 인지기능 변화를 평가하고자 하였다. 청년기 기면병 환자의 인지기능과 수면 증상과의 관계도 관찰하였다. 방 법：17세 이상 35세 이하의 기면병 환자 18명과 정상대조군 18명을 모집하여 연구를 시행하였다. 탈력발작이 있고, HLA $DQB_1$ *0602 양성인 경우만을 기면병 대상군으로 하였다. 기면병 대상군과 정상대조군에게 13종의 신경심리검사(Wisconsin 카드분류, Trail making, Stroop, Ruff, 청각순차합산, 바꿔쓰기, 숫자 외우기, 공간 외우기, Rey 기억력, California 언어학습, 통제단어연상, Boston 이름대기, 굽은 막대 검사)를 시행하여 양군을 비교하였다. 그리고, 기면병 대상군의 신경심리검사 결과와 Epworth 졸음증 척도, Ullanlinna 기면병 척도, 야간수면다원검사 및 입면 잠복시간 반복검사 결과 사이의 상관관계를 분석하였다. 결 과：기면병 대상군은 정상 대조군에 비해 2.0초 간격과 2.4초 간격의 청각순차합산, 바꿔쓰기, 공간 외우기 정방향 검사에서 수행능력이 저조하였다(t=3.86, p<0.001；t=-2.47, p=0.02；t=-3.95, p<0.001；t=-2.22, p=0.03). 다른 신경심리검사에서는 양 군간에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 기면병 대상군에서 저하된 신경심리검사 결과는 Epworth 졸음증 척도나 Ullanlinna 기면병 척도와 유의한 상관관계가 없었으며, 야간수면다원검사나 입면잠복시간 반복검사와도 유의한 상관관계가 없었다. 결 론：본 연구에서 기면병 환자군의 주의력이 저하되어 있음을 관찰하였다. 그러나 주의력 저하는 주간 졸음증과 유의한 상관을 보이지 않았다. 따라서 기면병 환자의 주의력 저하는 주간 졸음증의 개선만으로 호전시킬 수 없다는 점을 시사한다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제73권5호
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• pp.273-277
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• 2012

Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis (PLE) is a rare syndrome characterized by memory impairment, affective and behavioral disturbances and seizures. Among many different neoplasms known to cause PLE, small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is the most frequently reported. The pathogenesis is not fully understood but is believed to be autoimmune-related. We experienced a patient with typical clinical features of PLE. A 67-year-old man presented with seizure and disorientation. Brain magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated high signal intensity in the bilateral amygdala and hippocampus in flair and T2-weighted images suggestive of limbic encephalitis. Cerebrospinal fluid tapping revealed no evidence of malignant cells or infection. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography showed a lung mass with pleural effusion and a consequent biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of PLE associated with SCLC. The patient was subsequently treated with chemotherapy and neurologic symptoms gradually improved.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.547-555
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• 2014

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the association between subjective distress symptoms and argon welding among workers in Gyeongnam Province shipyard. Method: 31 argon and 29 non-argon welding workers were selected as study subjects in order to measure concentrations of personal dust, welding fumes and other hazardous materials such as ZnO, Pb, Cr, FeO, MnO, Cu, Ni, $TiO_2$, MgO, NO, $NO_2$, $O_3$, $O_2$, $CO_2$, CO and Ar. An interviewer-administered questionnaire survey was also performed on the same subjects. The items queried were as follows: age, height, weight, working duration, welding time, welding rod amounts used, drinking, smoking, and rate of subjective distress symptoms including headache and other symptoms such as fever, vomiting and nausea, metal fume fever, dizziness, tingling sensations, difficulty in breathing, memory loss, sleep disorders, emotional disturbance, hearing loss, hand tremors, visual impairment, neural abnormality, allergic reaction, runny nose and stuffiness, rhinitis, and suffocation. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software, version 18. Data are expressed as the mean ${\pm}SD$. An ${\chi}^2$-test and a normality test using a Shapiro wilk test were performed for the above variables. Logistic regression analysis was also conducted to identify the factors that affect the total score for subjective distress symptoms. Result: An association was shown between welding type (argon or non-argon welding) and the total score for subjective distress symptoms. Among the rate of complaining of subjective distress symptoms, vomiting and nausea, difficulty breathing, and allergic reactions were all significantly higher in the argon welding group. Only the concentration of dust and welding fumes was shown to be distributed normally after natural log transformation. According to logistic regression analysis, the correlations of working duration and welding type (argon or non-argon) between the total score of subjective distress symptoms were found to be statistically significant (p=0.041, p=0.049, respectively). Conclusion: Our results suggest that argon welding could cause subjective distress symptoms in shipyard workers.

• 한국환경보건학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경보건학회 2005년도 Proceedings of KSEH.Minamata Forum
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• pp.87-94
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• 2005

Results from previous studies revealed that metal level in the body is related to certain types of diseases. For example. serum copper level with chronic heart failure, iron and transferrin in the blood serum with acute cerebral vascular diseases, Zn in the CNS, lead with neurotoxicity, hypertension, genetic damage, arsenic with cancer skin lesion, Al with neurobehavioral function (cognitive impairment and memory disorder), and etc. The rate of stroke has increased in recent years and several metals were found to be responsible for causing stroke. This study compared several blood metal concentrations between stroke and non-stroke patients. Patients with stroke (116 samples) and non-stroke (111 samples including lowback pain and others) participated in this study. Total of 227 blood samples were collected and participants completed questionnaires regarding age, gender, occupation, residence, alcohol, smoking, and etc. To be qualified into the stroke group, patients have never experienced stroke previously. Subjects only included ischemic stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage patients diagnosed by brain CT and brain MRI. Patients with high risk of metal exposure such as herbal intake and job related exposure were excluded. 10ml of blood samples were analyzed by ICP-MS method at the Center of Nature and Science at Sangji University. Metal geometric mean (SD) concentrations in blood of study subjects showed higher values, 2.64-36.12%, than WHO reference values in Mn, Ni, Hg, Se, and As. Metal concentration in blood of stroke patients non-adjusted for potential confounders was higher except for Hg and also higher except for Ni in adjusted for potential confounders. Co was significantly higher in stroke patients (p=0.002) than non-stroke patients adjusted for potential confounders. Regression coefficient values of stroke patients was 0.17-8.25 in each metals. Odd ratio of stroke patients had 0.96 (Ni)-2.68 (Co) compared to non-stroke cases. This result means that Co increase of 1 raises the risk ratio of stroke by 2.86 times. Based on the results, metal concentration in blood seems to affect incidence of stroke.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.356-362
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• 2019

Scutellaria baicalensis (SB) has widely used in the treatment for various brain diseases in the field of Oriental medicine. Biofermantation of SB can make major chemical constituents of SB to pass blood-brain barrier easily and to have more potent anti-oxidant ability. There is a little information about the contribution of fermented SB (FSB) to the formation or maintenance of the neural plasticity in the hippocampus. The purpose of this study was to evaluate effects of FSB extract on hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) - induced impairments of the induction and maintenance of long-term potentiation (LTP), an electrophysiological marker for the neural plasticity in the hippocampus. From hippocampal slices of rats, the field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSPs) were evoked by the electrical stimulation to the Schaffer collaterals - commissural fibers in the CA1 areas and LTP by theta-burst stimulation by using 64 - channels in vitro multi-extracellular recording system. In order to induce oxidative stress to hippocampal slices two different concentrations (200, 400 μM) of H₂O₂ were given to the perfused aCSF before and after the LTP induction, respectively. The ethanol extract of FBS with concentration of 25 ㎍/ml, 50 ㎍/ml was diluted in perfused aCSF that had 200 μM H₂O₂, respectively. Oxidative stress by the treatment of H₂O₂ resulted in decrease of the induction rate of LTP in the CA1 area with a dose - dependent manner. However, the ethanol extract of FSB prevented the reduction of the induction rate of LTP caused by H₂O₂ - induced oxidative stress with a dose - dependent manner. These results may support a potential application of FSB to ameliorate impairments of hippocampal dependent neural plasticity or memory caused by oxidative stress.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.115-121
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• 1999

에탄올 단기 투여로 유발되는 기억획득의 손상에 대한 홍삼 조 사포닌 성분을 비롯한 수종의 뇌기능개선 후보약물의 급성 및 연속 투여 작용을 검토하였다. 에탄올 급성 투여로 유발된 학습획득 손상 흰쥐에 GABA신경 억제 성 약물인 picrotoxin 급성 투여시 에탄올 투여 흰쥐의 학습획득 손상 작용은 유의성 있는 개선효과를 나타내었으나 diazepam, acetyl-L-carnitine 및 apomoiphie투여 군은 현저한 영향을 미치지 않았다. 급성 홍삼 total saponin 투여군은 에탄올 투여 흰쥐의 학습획득 손상을 유의성 있게 억제하였으며 7일간의 연속 투여에 의해 그 효과가 현저하게 증가하였다. 급성 및 연속 deprenyl투여군은 모두 유의성 있는 억제 작용을 나타내었으나 protopanaxatriol, protopanaxadiol 및 centrophenoxine 투여 군은 모두 현저한 억제작용을 나타내지 않았다. 급성 piracetam 투여 및 연속 N-methyl-D-glucamine투여 군은 유의성 있는 억제효과를 나타내었다. 한편, 에탄올 투여 희쥐의 학습획득 손상에 대한 홍삼 total saponin 연속 투여효과는 ${\alpha}-methyl-전 처치에 의해 유의성 있게 차단되었으나 N-methyl-D-glucamine 연속투여에 의한 억제효과는 부분적으로 차단되었으며, 연속 depreny의 효과는 용량에 따라 차단 또는 증강되는 등 전혀 다른 효과를 나타내었다. 이러한 결과는 에탄올 급성 투여 흰쥐의 학습획득 손상은 picrotoxine, 홍삼 조사포닌, N-methyl-D-glucamme및 deprenyl의 급성 또는 연속 투여가 효과적이며 홍삼 조 사포닌과 N-methyl-D-glucamine 및 deprenyl의 연속 투여 효과는 뇌중 도파민 신경활성에 미치는 영향이 상위함을 나타내고 있다. 따라서 에탄올 급성투여 흰쥐의 학습획득 손상은 일차적으로 뇌중 GABA 신경활성의 억제에 기인하며 이차적으로 도파민신경활성과의 균형의 중요성을 시사하고 있다.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.7-15
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• 2016

Objectives : Polygalae Radix (POL) has an ameliorating effect on learning and memory impairment caused by cerebral hypoperfusion. In regard to POL's action mechanism, this study was carried out to investigate the effects of POL on oxidative damage and neuronal apoptosis induced by cerebral hypoperfusion in rats.Methods : The cerebral hypoperfusion was induced by permanent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (pBCAO) in Sprague-Dawley rats. POL was administered orally once a day (130 mg/kg of water-extract) for 28 days starting at 4 weeks after the pBCAO. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the brain tissue were measured using ELISA method. Expressions of 4-hydroxynonenal (4HNE) and 8-hydroxy-2'- deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) were observed using immunohistochemistry. In addition, neuronal apoptosis was evaluated with Cresyl violet staining, TUNEL labeling, and immunohistochemistry against Bax and caspase-3.Results : POL treatment significantly increased SOD activities and significantly reduced MDA levels in the cerebral cortex. The up-regulations of 4HNE and 8-OHdG expression caused by pBCAO in the CA1 of hippocampus were significantly attenuated by POL treatment. POL treatment also restored the reduction of CA1 thickness and CA1 neurons caused by pBCAO and significantly attenuated the apoptotic markers including TUNEL-positive cells, Bax, and caspase-3 expression in the CA1 of hippocampus.Conclusions : The results show that POL attenuated the oxidative damage in brain tissue and neuronal apoptosis in the hippocampus caused by the cerebral hypoperfusion. It suggests that POL can be a beneficial medicinal herb to treat the brain diseases related to cerebral hypoperfusion.

• 모자간호학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.45-54
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• 1992

The purpose of this study was to explore the stressors in pediatric intensive care unit and impaired psychological responses of children after open heart surgery. Sixteen children aged 6 to 11, who were admitted to the hospital for open heart surgery during the period from July, 1991 to February, 1992 were the subjects of the study. Observations, drawings, and interviews were used to collect data for study. Behavioral responses about intensive care unit phenomena were analyzed according to the 4 categories identified to assess children's perceived stressors in ICU. Impaired psychological responses were examined using observational and interview data. Drawings were analyzed by content and color by this researcher and validated by the psychologist. The findings were as follows : 1. The most frequently perceived stressors by children in ICU were the physical stressors causing pain and discomfort(68.5%). It was followed by social stressors which denote disruption of relationship with family and friends(13.0% ), environmental stressors which denote unfamiliar surroundings, noise, staff, and other patients (11.2%), and psychological stressors which denote factors affecting self-esteem such as inability to communicate and inadquate knowledge of the situation (7.3%). 2. 81.3% of the children showed of least one of the impaired psychological responses. Three children (18.8%) experienced time disorientation. An equal number of subject experienced perceptual illusion. Two children(12.5%) experienced hallucination. Vivid dream about ICU phenomena was reported by 2 children. Seven children(43.8%) were identified as having exaggerated fear. They feared about oxygen mask and ICU environment in general. Seven children(43.8%) experienced impairment of memory about treatments, procedures, and environment of ICU. 3. The analysis of children's drawing revealed that 56.3% of children experienced fear in the ICU. 75% of children included nurses in the drawings and 62.5% of children drew other children. 81.3% of children drew and identified himself in the drawing. The colors used most by children were green, purple, and brown. From this result, it is recommended to prepare children before open heart surgery to reduce their stressors and impaired psychological responses in ICU.

• 감성과학
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.79-86
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• 2007

치매노인의 주요 문제특성의 추출을 위해 시설에 입소해 있는 치매노인 110명을 대상으로 기본특성 조사, 인지기능 선별검사, 문제특성 설문조사를 실시하였다. 요인분석결과 총 20개의 주요 문제특성이 추출되었다. 본 연구에서는 치매노인 보호를 위해 주요 문제특성 20개의 위험순위를 결정하였다. 치매진단 및 치매환자를 접한 경험이 있는 정신보건 임상심리사 32명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 계층분석법을 이용하여 상대적 위험도를 분석하였고, 20개의 문제특성 전체에 대하여 위험도 서열을 정하도록 하여 위험순위를 결정하였다. 두 가지 분석 결과 모두 치매 노인의 일상생활 수행 시 기억력, 판단력, 지남력 장애와 같은 인지문제가 가장 위험한 것으로 나타났다.