• Molecules and Cells
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.131-137
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• 2008

Crk-associated substrate (CAS) is a focal adhesion protein that is involved in integrin signaling and cell migration. CAS deficiency reduces the migration and spreading of cells, both of which are processes mediated by Rac activation. We examined the functions of v-Crk, the oncogene product of the CT10 virus p47gag-crk, which affects cell migration and spreading, membrane ruffling, and Rac activation in CAS-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts (CAS-/- MEFs). CAS-/- MEFs showed less spreading than did CAS+/+ MEFs, but spreading was recovered in mutant cells that expressed v-Crk (CAS-/-v-Crk MEF). We observed that the reduction in spreading was linked to the formation of membrane ruffles, which were accompanied by Rac activation. In CAS-/- MEFs, Rac activity was significantly reduced, and Rac was not localized to the membrane. In contrast, Rac was active and localized to the membrane in CAS-/-v-Crk MEFs. Lamellipodia protrusion and ruffle retraction velocities were both reduced in CAS-/- MEFs, but not in CAS-/-v-Crk MEFs. We also found that microinjection of anti-gag antibodies inhibited the migration of CAS-/-v-Crk MEFs. These findings indicate that v-Crk controls cell migration and membrane dynamics by activating Rac in CAS-deficient MEFs.

• BMB Reports
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• 제56권2호
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• pp.65-70
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• 2023

Prominin-1 (PROM1), also called CD133, is a penta-span transmembrane protein that is localized in membrane protrusions, such as microvilli and filopodia. It is known to be expressed in cancer stem cells and various progenitor cells of bone marrow, liver, kidney, and intestine. Accumulating evidence has revealed that PROM1 has multiple functions in various organs, such as eye, tooth, peripheral nerve, and liver, associating with various molecular protein partners. PROM1 regulates PKA-induced gluconeogenesis, TGFβ-induced fibrosis, and IL-6-induced regeneration in the liver, associating with Radixin, SMAD7, and GP130, respectively. In addition, PROM1 is necessary to maintain cancer stem cell properties by activating PI3K and β-Catenin. PROM1-deficienct mice also show distinct phenotypes in eyes, brain, peripheral nerves, and tooth. Here, we discuss recent findings of PROM1-mediated signal transduction.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.498-505
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• 2020

This study analyzes the velocity and pressure incurred by protruding shapes installed within the inlet part of a pressurized membrane module during operation to determine the fluid flow distribution. In this paper, to find the flow distribution within a module, it investigates the velocity and pressure values at cross-sectional and outlet planes, and 9 sections classified on outlet plane using computational fluid dynamics. From the Reynolds number (Re), the fluid flow was estimated to be turbulent when the Re exceeded 4,000. In the vertical cross-sectional plane, shape 4 and 6 (round-type protrusion) showed the relatively high velocity of 0.535 m/s and 0.558 m/s, respectively, indicating a uniform flow distribution. From the velocity and pressure at the outlet, shape 4 also displayed a relatively uniform fluid velocity and pressure, indicating that fluid from the inlet rapidly and uniformly reached the outlet, however, from detailed data of velocity, pressure and flowrate obtained from 9 sections at the outlet, shape 6 revealed the low standard deviations for each section. Therefore, shape 6 was deemed to induce the ideal flow, since it maintained a uniform pressure, velocity and flowrate distribution.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.1073-1079
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• 2005

1. Objective. The aim of this study was to investigate whether dental implant exposure to the maxillary sinus cavity increases the risk of maxillary sinus complications. 2. Study design. An implant was placed bilaterally in the maxillary sinus of eight adult female mongrel dogs in a way that it penetrated the bone and mucous membrane of the maxillary sinus floor to the extent of 2 mm, 4 mm, or 8 mm. The implants were left in place for six months. 3. Results. Radiographic and histologic examinations did not show any signs of pathologic findings in the maxillary sinus of the eight dogs. 4. Conclusion. This study indicates that implant protrusion into the maxillary sinus cavity is not related to the development of sinus complications.

• 대한세포병리학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.185-189
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• 1999

The diagnosis of peripheral T cell lymphoma is difficult due to the varying size and shape of the neoplastic lymphoid cells and the frequent admixture of nonneoplastic mature lymphyocytes, histiocytes, eosinophils, and plasma cells. We report a case of peripheral T cell lymphoma, lymphoepithelioid ceil type, which was difficult to differentiate from tuberculous lymphadenitis due to the aggregates of epithelioid histlocytes mimicking granuloma and the past history of pulmonary tuberculosis. Fine needle aspiration cytology of the inguinal lymph node in a 63-year-old male was characterized by hypercellular aspirates composed of a mixture of small and intermediate-size lymphoid cells and large lymphoid cells with background of confluent epithelioid histiocytes. The neoplastic lymphocytes demonstrated significant nuclear irregularity with protrusion and indentations of the nuclear membrane, prominent nucleoli, and frequent mitotic figures. The diagnosis of peripheral T cell lymphoma was confirmed by histological and immunohistochemical studios.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.169-176
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• 2022

A primary cilium, a hair-like protrusion of the plasma membrane, is a pivotal organelle for sensing external environmental signals and transducing intracellular signaling. An interesting linkage between cilia and obesity has been revealed by studies of the human genetic ciliopathies Bardet-Biedl syndrome and Alström syndrome, in which obesity is a principal manifestation. Mouse models of cell type-specific cilia dysgenesis have subsequently demonstrated that ciliary defects restricted to specific hypothalamic neurons are sufficient to induce obesity and hyperphagia. A potential mechanism underlying hypothalamic neuron cilia-related obesity is impaired ciliary localization of G protein-coupled receptors involved in the regulation of appetite and energy metabolism. A well-studied example of this is melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R), mutations in which are the most common cause of human monogenic obesity. In the paraventricular hypothalamus neurons, a blockade of ciliary trafficking of MC4R as well as its downstream ciliary signaling leads to hyperphagia and weight gain. Another potential mechanism is reduced leptin signaling in hypothalamic neurons with defective cilia. Leptin receptors traffic to the periciliary area upon leptin stimulation. Moreover, defects in cilia formation hamper leptin signaling and actions in both developing and differentiated hypothalamic neurons. The list of obesity-linked ciliary proteins is expending and this supports a tight association between cilia and obesity. This article provides a brief review on the mechanism of how ciliary defects in hypothalamic neurons facilitate obesity.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.214-217
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• 2007

약 2개월령(個月齡)의 잡종 암컷 고양이가 영창동물병원(永昌動物病院)에 내원하였다. 1차(次) 진료시(診療時) 우측 눈의 축동(縮瞳) 및 순막 돌출(瞬膜 突出)이 인정되었으며, 또한 좌측 눈의 경도의 축동이 인정되어, 본 환축(患畜)은 고양이 Horner's syndrome으로 진단(診斷)되었다. 본 환축(患畜)에 대하여 안침(眼針) (상초 영역(上焦 領域), 10분간(分間)) 및 dexamethasone 약침(藥鍼)(0.2 ml/혈위: BL 01-정명(睛明) BL02-찬죽(纘竹) 및 ST01-승읍(承泣))을 각각(各各) 실시(實施)하였다. 1차 치료 후, 축동(縮瞳) 및 순막돌출(瞬膜突出)이 놀랍게도 소실되었다. 2차 진료시(1차 치료 후 1일)확인 결과, 눈의 소견은 정상 상태를 유지하고 있었다. 따라서 본(本) 증례(症例)는 침치료(鍼治療)에 양호(良好)한 반응(反應)을 나타낸 고양이 Horner's syndrome의 증례(症例)였다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권13호
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• pp.5437-5442
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• 2014

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most malignancies with a poor prognosis. The phospholipase $C{\varepsilon}$ gene (PLCE1) encodes a novel ras-related protein effector mediating the effects of R-Ras on the actin cytoskeleton and membrane protrusion. However, molecular mechanisms pertinent to ESCC are unclear. We therefore designed PLCE1-special small interfering RNA and transfected to esophageal squamous cell (EC) 9706 cells to investigat the effects of PLCE1 gene silencing on the cell cycle and apoptosis of ESCC and indicate its important role in the development of ESCC. Esophageal cancer tissue specimens and normal esophageal mucosa were obtained and assayed by immunohistochemical staining to confirm overexpression of PLCE1 in neoplasias. Fluorescence microscopy was used to examine transfection efficiency, while the result of PLCE1 silencing was examined by reverse transcription (RT-PCR). Flow cytometry and annexin V apoptosis assays were used to assess the cell cycle and apoptosis, respectively. Expression of cyclin D1 and caspase-3 was detected by Western-blotting. The level of PLCE1 protein in esophageal cancer tissue was significantly higher than that in normal tissue. After transfection, the expression of PLCE1 mRNA in EC 9706 was significantly reduced, compared with the control group. Furthermore, flow cytometry results suggested that the PLCE1 gene silencing arrested the cell cycle in the G0/G1 phase; apoptosis was significantly higher than in the negative control group and mock group. PLCE1 gene silencing by RNAi resulted in decreased expression of cyclin D1 and increased expression of caspase-3. Our study suggests that PLCE1 may be an oncogene and play an important role in esophageal carcinogenesis through regulating proteins which control cell cycling and apoptosis.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.74-81
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• 2008

배경: Fascin은 actin-bundling protein으로 세포막 돌출(cell membrane protrusion)을 야기하고 상피세포의 운동성(motility)을 증가시킨다고 알려져 있다. 식도암은 근치적인 수술 후에도 조기에 광범위한 국소침윤이나 국소 임파절의 전이를 자주 일으키는 치명적인 암의 하나이다. 본 연구의 목적은 식도암에 있어서 fascin에 대한 연구가 국내에서는 거의 없는 상황에서 면역조직화학 염색 방법을 이용하여 fascin의 발현 양상을 알아보고 발현여부에 따른 임상 및 병리학적 특성과 예후인자로서의 의의 등을 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 식도 편평 상피암으로 진단받고 수술을 시행 받은 76명의 한자의 암조직에서 fascin의 발현여부를 면역조직화학염색을 통해 조사하였다. Fascin에 대한 면역조직화학 염색에 대한 판독은 반정량적으로 2등급으로 나누었다. 발현양상에 따른 임상 및 병리학적 특성 및 예후분석을 시행하였다. 결과: 전체 76개의 암조직중 39예(51.3%)에서 Fascin의 발현이 양성이었다. Fascia의 발현은 임상병기가 진행될수록(p=0.030), T 인자가 높을수록(p=0.031) 양성률이 높게 나타났으며 추적기간 중 재발이 있었던 군(p=0.005)과 사망을 한 군(p=0.000)에서 양성 발현율이 통계적으로 유의하게 높았다. 각 임상병리학적 인자들의 예후인자로서 단변량 분석 결과 임파절의 전이유무, 림프판 혈관 침범(lymphovascular invasion)여부, 신경주위침범(perineural invasion)여부, 병기, fascin 발현 여부가 통계적으로 유의한 인자들로 나타났다. 다변량 분석에서는 림프관 혈관 침범(lymphovascula. invasion)여부, fascin 발현 여부가 예후인자로 유의하였다. 결론: Fascin은 식도암조직의 51.3%에서 발현되었으며 이의 양성 발현은 보다 진행된 종양 및 재발과 연관성이 있었다. Fascin의 음성발현군이 양성발현군에 비해 유의하게 예후가 좋았으며 Fascin의 발현 여부가 식도암의 예후 인자로서 유용할 수 있음을 알 수 있었다.