• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.02a
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• pp.67-70
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• 2007

A methodology to evaluate fatigue vulnerability of steel bridge members affected by corrosion and truck traffic variation is proposed. A fatigue limit state function including corrosion and traffic variation effects is established to make the criterion whether the steel bridge member is damaged by fatigue. Corrosion effects are expressed as increase of the average corrosion depth, and the traffic variation effects are modeled as the accumulated number of stress cycles. Reliability analysis is carried out by Monte-Carlo simulation method for the fatigue limit state function. The methodology Proposed is verified by comparing reference study and applying for the steel bridge in service.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.69.2-69.2
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• 2013

A galaxy cluster is an important laboratory to study the large scale structure in the Universe and the galaxy evolution. In order to identify candidate galaxy clusters at z~1, we have used deep and wide optical-NIR datasets based on IMS, UKIDSS DXS and CFHTLS wide covering ${\sim}20deg^2$ in the SA22 field. We measure the angular two-point correlation function of the candidate clusters and investigate the star formation activity of the member galaxies. Based on bias factor and halo mass function, candidate clusters have the average halo mass of > $10^{14}h^{-1}M_{\odot}$. At z~1, the star formation rate of cluster galaxies is similar to that of field galaxies, which indicates the environmental quenching is not so significant at z~1 as the local Universe.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.1579-1583
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• 2013

Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily, its main function being to participate in recognition and adhesion between cells. ICAM-1 is considered closely related to occurrence, development, metastasis and invasion process of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A variety of inflammatory cytokines and stimulus affect its expression through the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-${\kappa}B$) signal transduction pathway. In the initial stage of inflammation, hepatocirrhosis and tumor development, ICAM-1 is expressed differently, and has varied effects on different cells to promote occurrence of malignancy and metastasis. ICAM-1 has diagnostic significance for AFP-negative or suspected HCC, and may be a prognositic significance. It is thus widely used in studies as a biomarker which reflects cancer cells metastasis as well as curative effect of drugs. Many new treatments of HCC may be based on the effects of ICAM-1 on different levels of function.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.161-165
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• 2001

Bogie frame of the electric car is an important structural member for the support of vehicle loading. In general, more than 25 years' durability is necessary. Much study has been carried out for the prediction of the structural integrity of the bogie frame in experimental and theoretical domains. One of the useful methods is reliability-based approach. The objective of this paper is to estimate the structural integrity of the bogie frame of an electric car, which is under the running test. We used two approachs. In the first approach probabilistic distribution of S-N curve is used. In the second approach, limit state function is used.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.103-110
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• 2014

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), also called matrixins, function in the extracellular environment of cells and degrade both matrix and non-matrix proteins. They are multidomain proteins and their activities are regulated by tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). The uncontrolled regulation of MMPs is involved in various pathologic processes, such as tumor invasion, migration, host immune escape, extravasation, angiogenesis, and tumor growth. Especially, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) is one of the metastasis-accelerating genes involved in metastasis of various types of human cancers. Here, we review the member of MMP family and discusses their domain structure and function, enzyme activation, the mechanism of inhibition by TIMPs. In particular, we focus the role of MMP-9 in relation to cancer metastasis.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society For Composite Materials Conference
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• 1999.11a
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• pp.63-67
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• 1999

This paper presents the optimization of CFRP laminated rectangular plates using fuzzy theory. In optimization, thickness of CFRP lamina and fiber angle are taken as design variables, and total thickness of the plates is minimized under Tsai-Hill failure criterion. The uncertainties are entered by introducing fuzzy material strengths and then the objective and constraints are represented by a membership function of their own according to the intersection method. Various design results are presented for the CFRP laminated composites plates.

• BMB Reports
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.391-394
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• 2001

The balance between life and death of a cell regulates essential developmental processes in multicellular organisms. Apoptotic cell death is a complex, stepwise program involving multiple protein components that trigger and execute the demise of the cell. Of the many triggers of apoptosis, most are not well understood, but some key components have been identified, such as those of the Bcl-2 family, which function as anti-apoptotic or proapoptotic factors. Bax, a pro-apoptotic member of this family, has been shown to serve as a component of many apoptotic triggering cascades and its mechanism of action is the focus of intense study. Herein we discuss current, differing ideas on the function of Bax and its structure, and suggest novel mechanisms for how this death protein targets mitochondria, triggering apoptosis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.125-136
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• 2012

Wrinkle and fracture are two major defects frequently found in the sheet metal forming process. In this process there are more than one design attributes to optimize and several uncontrollable factors which cannot be ignored in determining the optimal values of design variables. Therefore, attempts to reduce defects through a traditional optimization technique are often led to failures. In this research, a new design method for reducing the wrinkle and fracture under uncontrollable factors is presented by using decision-making theory. To avoid the psychological difficulties in determining the scaling constants of the multi-attribute utility function by using the ordinary lottery questions, a pair-wise comparison procedure is adapted to avoid this problem. The effectiveness of the proposed method is illustrated through a robust design of sheet metal forming process of a side member of an automotive body.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.575-597
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• 2006

Enhanced three-dimensional finite elements for geometrically nonlinear analysis of cable-supported structures are presented. The cable element, derived by using the concept of an equivalent modulus of elasticity and assuming the deflection curve of a cable as catenary function, is proposed to model the cables. The stability functions for a frame member are modified to obtain a numerically stable solution. Various numerical examples are solved to illustrate the versatility and efficiency of the proposed finite element model. It is shown that the finite elements proposed in this study can be very useful for geometrically nonlinear analysis as well as free vibration analysis of three-dimensional cable-supported structures.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.455-472
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• 2022

For j = 0, 1, 2,…, k - 1; k ≥ 2; and - 1 ≤ B < A ≤ 1, we have introduced the functions classes denoted by ST_[j,k](A, B) and K_[j,k](A, B), respectively, called the generalized (j, k)-symmetric starlike and convex functions. We first proved the sharp bounds on |f(z)| and |f'(z)|. Various radii related problems, such as radius of (j, k)-symmetric starlikeness, convexity, strongly starlikeness and parabolic starlikeness are determined. The quantity |a²₃ - a₅|, which provide the initial bound on Zalcman functional is obtained for the functions in the family ST_[j,k]. Furthermore, the sharp pre-Schwarzian norm is also established for the case when f is a member of K_[j,k](α) for all 0 ≤ α < 1.