• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.195-203
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• 2015

Two bacterial strains, Bacillus licheniformis YB-1413 and YB-1414, producing extracellular α-galactosidase, were obtained from homemade Doenjang. On the basis of their biochemical properties, 16S rRNA sequences and random amplified polymorphic DNA patterns by polymerase chain reaction, they were found to be somewhat different from one another. α-Galactosidase productivities of the two isolates were increased by wheat bran, but drastically decreased by melibiose, raffinose and sucrose which were used as carbon sources. The enzyme productivities were increased by yeast extract as a nitrogen source with maximum levels of 1.87 U/ml for YB-1413 and 1.69 U/ml for YB-1414, respectively. The enzymes of both isolates exhibited maximum activity for hydrolysis of para-nitrophenyl-α-D-galactopyranoside (pNP-αGal) under reaction conditions of pH 6.0 and 45℃. Their hydrolyzing activities for pNP-αGal were drastically decreased by the addition of low concentrations of ribose and galactose. They were capable of hydrolyzing completely α-1,6 linked galactosyl residue in melibiose, raffinose and stachyose, which are known to be anti-nutritional factors in products of soybean and legume. In relation to the latter, the isolates YB-1413 and YB-1414 have potential applicability in improving soybean-fermented foods and the nutritional value of soybean feed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Applied Microbiology Conference
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• 1978.04a
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• pp.96.1-96
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• 1978

미생물학적 감산현상에 의하여 과실주중의 산미를 조절하기 위한 방법으로 효모에 의하여 사과산을 알코올로 분해하는 Maloalcohol 발효를 유도하고자 하여 본 연구를 하였다. 이미 발표된 Schizosaccharomyces pombe 0-77보다 단 시간에 강력히 사과산을 소비하는 효모균을 딸기의 과피로부터 분리, 동정하였다. 본 분리균을 J. Lodder의 “The Yeasts”에 준하여 동정한 바 분열법에 의하여 증식하며 포자를 형성하고 galactose 를 발효못하므로 Schizosacoha-romyces 속으로 분류하였다. 위균사를 잘 형성하며 melibiose를 발효하므로 Schizosaccharomyces japonicus와 일치 하였다. 그러나 변종의 동정은 어려우나 위균사의 형태로 보아 Schizosaccharomyces japonicus var. japonicus로 동정하였다.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.397-400
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• 2010

The activities of mannanase, ${\beta}$-mannosidase, and ${\alpha}$-galactosidase were detected in culture filtrate of Paenibacillus woosongensis showing mannanolytic activity for locust bean gum. Optimal conditions occurred at pH 5.5 and $60^{\circ}C$ for mannanase toward locust bean gum, pH 6.5 and $50^{\circ}C$ for ${\beta}$-mannosidase toward para-nitrophenyl-${\beta}$-D-mannopyranoside, and pH 6.0-6.5 and $50^{\circ}C$ for ${\alpha}$-galactosidase toward para-nitrophenyl-${\alpha}$-D-galactopyranoside in the culture filtrate, respectively. The mannanolytic enzyme of culture filtrate hydrolyzed mannobiose as well as manno-oligosaccharides including mannotriose, mannotetraose, mannopentaose and mannohexaose. It could also hydrolyze ${\alpha}$-1,6 linked galacto-oligosaccharides such as melibiose, raffinose and stachyose to liberate galactose residue. From these results, it is assumed that P. woosongensis produces three enzymes required for the complete decomposition of galactomannan.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.12
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• pp.53-56
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• 1969

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of alcohols and carbohyrates upon heat resistance of the amylase produced by Bacillus subtilis var. M-181. The results obtained are as follows: 1) Alcohols showed the effects of increasing heat resistance in the order of glycerin, propylene glycol, ethylene glycol, ethanol and methanol, while higher monohydroxy alcohol and dipropylene glycol affected reversely. 2) Inositol affected on heat resistance of the amlase better than sugar alcohols which effects were in the order of mannitol, dulcitol and sorbitol. 3) Monosaccharides affected on heat resistance of the amylase in the order of mannose, galactose, xylose, glucose, arabinose, rhamnose and fructose. 4) Among oligosaccharides, the effects of increasing heat resistance were recognized in the order of melibiose, lactose, maltose and sucrose. 5) Polysaccharides showed the effects of increasing heat resistance in the order of glycogen, soluble starch and dextrin, while the effects of inulin were not recognized.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.261-266
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• 1988

For the effective utilization of Wild Korean lettuce(Youngia sonchifolia Max.), the chemical characteristics, contents of free sugar, amino acid composition, fatty acid composition and minerals were analysed. Free sugars determined from the roots were rhamnose, fructose, glucose, sucrose maltose, melibiose and raffinose, whereas raffinose was not detected from the leaves. Of amino acid composition in the roots glutamic acid content was largest followed by histidine aspartic acid, leucine and proline. As for leaves glutamic acid was highest fellowed by aspartic acid, leucine and histidine. Mtehionine and cystine were found in low content in both roots and leaves. Major fatty acid composition in total lipid(free and bound) were linoleic, linolenic and palmitic acid in both and leaves. P, K and Ca were rich minerals contained in the roots and leaves of Wild Youngia sonchifolia Max.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.180-185
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• 2006

${\alpha}$-Galactosidase was partially purified from the culture filtrate of Debaryomyces sp. by Mannobiose-Sepharose affinity column chromatography. The galactosidase exhibited maximum activity at pH 4.0 and $60^{\circ}C$, and was stable in the pH and temperature ranges of 3 to 4.5 and 30 to $50^{\circ}C$, respectively. The enzyme was inhibited by $Hg^{2+}\;and\;Ag^{2+}$. The enzyme activity was not affected considerably by treatment with other metal compounds. The enzyme hydrolyzed melibiose to galactose and glucose, raffinose to galactose and sucrose, and $Gal^3Man_3$ ($6^3-{\alpha}$-galactosyl-1,4-mannotriose) to galactose and mannotriose. On the contrary, it could not hydrolyze $Gal^3Man_4$ ($6^3-{\alpha}$-galactosyl-1,4-mannotetraose).

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.32-36
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• 2008

Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum has become a severe problem on tomato in Korea and no effective control measures are available yet. Pseudomonas species play key roles for the biocontrol of many plant diseases especially in soil. A rhizobacterial population of 150 Pseudomonas strains, isolated from the rhizosphere soil of various plants grown at different sites, was screened for 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol producing gene (PhlD) by PCR. Two strains (P83 and P84) among them were found to be phlD positive. When the isolates were analysed by 16S rDNA (Sensu Stricto), all isolates yielded amplified products of 1,018bp. Of the 150 isolates of Pseudomonas spp., a bacterial strain P. putida P84 isolated from tomato rhizosphere showed to suppress a wide range of phytopathogenic bacteria in vitro. The best source of carbon for P84 strain were glucose, arabinose, inositol and melibiose. In greenhouse experiments, P84 strain suppressed the development of bacterial wilt in tomato with a control value of 60%.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.16 no.4 s.33
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• pp.193-197
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• 1977

Seeds of pea cultivars susceptible to damping-off caused by Pythium ultimum produced sugars intheir exudates in half the time required for resistant cultivars. Also, the amount of reducing sugars was much greater in seed exudates of susceptible than resistant cultivars. Raffinose, melibiose, sucrose, glucose, and fructose (but not maltose, xylose or ribose) were identified in both resistant and susceptible cultivars; however, more glucose and sucrose were detected in seeds from susceptible than from resistant cultivars. Pythium ultimum grew more profusely around seeds from, and in exudates of, susceptible than resistant cultivars.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.844-850
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• 1997

$\alpha$-Galactosidase was partially purified from the culture filtrate of pichia guilliermondii by Mannobiose-Sepharose affinity column chromatography. The galactosidase exhibited maximum activity at pH 4.5 and 4$0^{\circ}C$, and was stable in the pH and temperature ranges of 4 to 5.5 and 30 to 6$0^{\circ}C$, respectively. The enzyme was inhibited by $Hg^{2+}$ and $Ag^{2+}$. The enzyme activity was ot affected considerably by treatment with other metal compounds. The enzyme hydrolyzed melibiose to galactose and glucose, raffinose to galactose and sucrose, and $Gal^{3}Man_{3}(6^{3}-$\alpha$-galactosyl-1,4-mannotriose)$ to galactose and mannotriose. On the contrary, it could not hydrolyze $Gal^{3}Man_{4}(6^{3}-galactosyl-1,4-$\alpha$-mannotetraose)$.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.863-867
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• 2004

$\alpha$-Galactosidase from A. oryzae DR-5 was induced in the presence of melibiose, raffinose, galactose, and locust bean galactomannan. The enzyme was purified to homogeneity by precipitation with acetone followed by ion-exchange chromatography using DEAE-Sephacel. The purified enzyme showed a single band in both nondenaturing-PAGE and SDS-PAGE. The enzyme was a glycoprotein in nature by activity staining. The molecular weight of the purified enzyme was 93-95 kDa by SDS-PAGE. The enzyme exhibited the optimum pH and temperature at 4.7 and $60^\circ{C}$, respectively. $\alpha$-Galactosidase activity was strongly inhibited by $Ag^{2+}, Hg^{2+}, Cu^{2+}$, and galactose. EDTA, 1,10-phenanthraline, and PMSF did not inhibit the enzyme activity, whereas N-bromosuccinimide completely inhibited enzyme activity. Investigation by TLC showed complete hydrolysis of stachyose and raffinose in soymilk in 3 h at pH 5.0 and $50^\circ{C}$.