• Title/Summary/Keyword: Meishan

Search Result 56, Processing Time 0.022 seconds

Sequence Characterization, Expression Profile, Chromosomal Localization and Polymorphism of the Porcine SMPX Gene

  • Guan, H.P.;Fan, B.;Li, K.;Zhu, M.J.;Yerle, M.;Liu, Bang
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
    • /
    • v.19 no.7
    • /
    • pp.931-937
    • /
    • 2006
  • The full-length cDNA of the porcine SMPX gene was obtained by the rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). The nucleotide sequences and the predicted protein sequences share high sequence identity with both human and mouse. The promoter of SMPX was sequenced and then analyzed to find the promoter binding sites. The reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) revealed that SMPX has a high level of expression in heart and skeletal muscle, a very low expression in lung and spleen and no expression in liver, kidney, fat and brain. Moreover, SMPX has a differential expression level in skeletal muscle, the expression in 65-day embryos being higher than other stages. The porcine SMPX was mapped to SSCXp24 by using a somatic cell hybrid panel (SCHP) and was found closely linked to SW1903 using the radiation hybrid panel IMpRH. An A/G single nucleotide polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) in the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) was detected in eight breeds. The analysis of allele frequency distribution showed that introduced pig breeds (Duroc and Large White) have a higher frequency of allele A while in the Chinese indigenous pig breeds (Qingping pig, Lantang pig, YushanBlack pig, Large Black-White pig, Small Meishan) have a higher frequencies of allele G. The association analysis using an experimental population (188 pigs), which included two cross-bred groups and three pure-blood groups, suggested that the SNP genotype was associated with intramuscular fat content.

Influence of organic acids and heat treatment on ginsenoside conversion

  • Jang, Gwi Yeong;Kim, Min Young;Lee, Yoon Jeong;Li, Meishan;Shin, Yu Su;Lee, Junsoo;Jeong, Heon Sang
    • Journal of Ginseng Research
    • /
    • v.42 no.4
    • /
    • pp.532-539
    • /
    • 2018
  • Background: Heat treatments are applied to ginseng products in order to improve physiological activities through the conversion of ginsenosides, which are key bioactive components. During heat treatment, organic acids can affect ginsenoside conversion. Therefore, the influence of organic acids during heat treatment should be considered. Methods: Raw ginseng, crude saponin, and ginsenoside $Rb_1$ standard with different organic acids were treated at $130^{\circ}C$, and the chemical components, including ginsenosides and organic acids, were analyzed. Results: The organic acid content in raw ginseng was 5.55%. Organic acids were not detected in crude saponin that was not subjected to heat treatment, whereas organic acids were found in crude saponin subjected to heat treatment. Major ginsenosides ($Rb_1$, Re, and $Rg_1$) in ginseng and crude saponin were converted to minor ginsenosides at $130^{\circ}C$; the ginsenoside $Rb_1$ standard was very stable in the absence of organic acids and was converted into minor ginsenosides in the presence of organic acids at high temperatures. Conclusion: The major factor affecting ginsenoside conversion was organic acids in ginseng. Therefore, the organic acid content as well as ginsenoside content and processing conditions should be considered important factors affecting the quality of ginseng products.

Empirical Selection of Informative Microsatellite Markers within Co-ancestry Pig Populations Is Required for Improving the Individual Assignment Efficiency

  • Lia, Y.H.;Chu, H.P.;Jiang, Y.N.;Lin, C.Y.;Li, S.H.;Li, K.T.;Weng, G.J.;Cheng, C.C.;Lu, D.J.;Ju, Y.T.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
    • /
    • v.27 no.5
    • /
    • pp.616-627
    • /
    • 2014
  • The Lanyu is a miniature pig breed indigenous to Lanyu Island, Taiwan. It is distantly related to Asian and European pig breeds. It has been inbred to generate two breeds and crossed with Landrace and Duroc to produce two hybrids for laboratory use. Selecting sets of informative genetic markers to track the genetic qualities of laboratory animals and stud stock is an important function of genetic databases. For more than two decades, Lanyu derived breeds of common ancestry and crossbreeds have been used to examine the effectiveness of genetic marker selection and optimal approaches for individual assignment. In this paper, these pigs and the following breeds: Berkshire, Duroc, Landrace and Yorkshire, Meishan and Taoyuan, TLRI Black Pig No. 1, and Kaohsiung Animal Propagation Station Black pig are studied to build a genetic reference database. Nineteen microsatellite markers (loci) provide information on genetic variation and differentiation among studied breeds. High differentiation index ($F_{ST}$) and Cavalli-Sforza chord distances give genetic differentiation among breeds, including Lanyu's inbred populations. Inbreeding values ($F_{IS}$) show that Lanyu and its derived inbred breeds have significant loss of heterozygosity. Individual assignment testing of 352 animals was done with different numbers of microsatellite markers in this study. The testing assigned 99% of the animals successfully into their correct reference populations based on 9 to 14 markers ranking D-scores, allelic number, expected heterozygosity ($H_E$) or $F_{ST}$, respectively. All miss-assigned individuals came from close lineage Lanyu breeds. To improve individual assignment among close lineage breeds, microsatellite markers selected from Lanyu populations with high polymorphic, heterozygosity, $F_{ST}$ and D-scores were used. Only 6 to 8 markers ranking $H_E$, $F_{ST}$ or allelic number were required to obtain 99% assignment accuracy. This result suggests empirical examination of assignment-error rates is required if discernible levels of co-ancestry exist. In the reference group, optimum assignment accuracy was achievable achieved through a combination of different markers by ranking the heterozygosity, $F_{ST}$ and allelic number of close lineage populations.

Polymorphism in the intron 20 of porcine O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase

  • Kim, Jong Gug;Nonneman, Dan;Kim, Doo-Wan;Shin, Sangsu;Rohrer, Gary A.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
    • /
    • v.30 no.8
    • /
    • pp.1086-1092
    • /
    • 2017
  • Objective: O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) catalyzes the addition of O-GlcNAc and GlcNAcylation has extensive crosstalk with phosphorylation to regulate signaling and transcription. Pig OGT is located near the region of chromosome X that affects follicle stimulating hormone level and testes size. The objective of this study was to find the variations of OGT between European and Chinese pigs. Methods: Pigs were tested initially for polymorphism in OGT among European and Chinese pigs by polymerase chain reaction and sequencing at the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center (USMARC). The polymorphism was also determined in an independent population of pigs including European and Chinese Meishan (ME) breeds at the National Institute of Animal Science (NIAS, RDA, Korea). Results: The intron 20 of OGT from European and Chinese pigs was 514 and 233 bp, respectively, in the pigs tested initially. They included 1 White composite (WC) boar and 7 sows ($2Minzu{\times}WC$, $2Duroc\;[DU]{\times}WC$, $2ME{\times}WC$, $1Fengzing{\times}WC$) at USMARC. The 281-bp difference was due to an inserted 276-bp element and GACTT in European pigs. When additional WC and ME boars, the grandparents that were used to generate the $1/2ME{\times}1/2WC$ parents, and the 84 boars of 16 litters from mating of $1/2ME{\times}1/2WC$ parents were analyzed, the breeds of origin of X chromosome quantitative trait locus (QTL) were confirmed. The polymorphism was determined in an independent population of pigs including DU, Landrace, Yorkshire, and ME breeds at NIAS. OGT was placed at position 67 cM on the chromosome X of the USMARC swine linkage map. Conclusion: There was complete concordance with the insertion in European pigs at USMARC and NIAS. This polymorphism could be a useful marker to identify the breed of origin of X chromosome QTL in pigs produced by crossbreeding Chinese and European pigs.

Tricin and Tricin 4'-O-(Threo-β-Guaiacylglyceryl) Ether Contents of Rice Hull (Oryza sativa L.) with Heat Treatment and Germination (열처리와 발아에 따른 왕겨(Oryza sativa L.)의 Tricin과 Tricin 4'-O-(Threo-β-Guaiacylglyceryl) Ether 함량)

  • Yoon, Nara;Jang, Gwi Yeong;Lee, Yoon Jeong;Li, Meishan;Kim, Min Young;Kim, Hyun Young;Lee, Junsoo;Jeong, Heon Sang
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
    • /
    • v.45 no.5
    • /
    • pp.696-701
    • /
    • 2016
  • This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of heat treatment and germination on tricin and tricin 4'-O-(threo-${\beta}$-guaiacylglyceryl) ether (TTGE) formation from rice hull (Oryza sativa L.). Heat treatments were conducted at $80{\sim}140^{\circ}C$ for 1~5 h. Germination periods were 1~6 days at $37^{\circ}C$. Germinated rough rice extracts were classified as non-filtrated, filtrated, and residue after filtration. For heat treatment, the highest contents of tricin and TTGE were 253.12 and $208.39{\mu}g/g$ at $130^{\circ}C$ after 1 h, respectively. For germination, the highest contents of tricin and TTGE in rice hull were 118.20 and $95.37{\mu}g/g$ after 2 days, respectively. In the germinated rough rice extract treatment, the highest contents of tricin and TTGE were 361.76 and $308.08{\mu}g/g$, respectively, in residue after filtration of germinated rice extract for 6 days. Therefore, the optimum conditions for tricin and TTGE formation were heat treatment at $130^{\circ}C$ for 1 h, germination for 2 days, and addition of residue after filtration of germinated rough rice extract for 6 days.

Quality Characteristics of Sweet Potato Varieties Baked and Freeze Thawed (원적외선으로 구운 군고구마의 품종별 냉·해동 후 품질 특성)

  • Jang, Gwi Yeong;Li, Meishan;Lee, Sang Hoon;Woo, Koan Sik;Sin, Hyun Man;Kim, Hong Sig;Lee, Junsoo;Jeong, Heon Sang
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
    • /
    • v.42 no.3
    • /
    • pp.403-409
    • /
    • 2013
  • We investigated the quality characteristics of sweet potatoes [Shinyulmi (SM), Yeonhwangmi (HM) and Yunmi (YM) variety] baked and subsequently freeze thawed. Baking was performed with a far infrared radiation oven at $250^{\circ}C$ for 40 minutes. Baked sweet potatoes were frozen at $-18^{\circ}C$ for 30 days, and thawed by a microwave oven for 3 minutes. The crude fat and protein content of HM were higher than the SM and YM varieties. Total sugar, reducing sugar, and free sugar content were increased after baking. Lightness, redness, and yellowness, as well as content of ${\beta}$-carotene, decreased after baking and freeze-thawing. Hardness, gumminess, and cohesiveness decreased during thawing after freezing, except for the YM variety. In a sensory evaluation, appearance, flavor, sweetness and overall acceptance were higher from baking and freeze-thawing the SM variety, instead of the HM and YM variety. From the results, the SM variety is preferred for the production of baked sweet potatoes.

Effects of High Pressure Treatment on Antioxidant Compounds and Activity of Germinated Rough Rice (Oryza sativa L.) (고압처리가 발아벼의 항산화 성분과 활성에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Min Young;Lee, Sang Hoon;Jang, Gwi Young;Park, Hye Jin;Meishan, Li;Kim, Shinje;Lee, Youn Ri;Lee, Junsoo;Jeong, Heon Sang
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
    • /
    • v.42 no.11
    • /
    • pp.1783-1791
    • /
    • 2013
  • This study is investigated to evaluate the enhancement of antioxidant compound and activity of rough rice with different germination periods and high pressure treatment. The subject was germinated at $37^{\circ}C$ for 6 days (HP0), and then the germinated rough rice were subjected to 30 MPa for 24 hr (HP24) and 48 hr (HP48), respectively. HP0, HP24 and HP48 samples were prepared and extracted with 80% ethanol. The highest total polyphenol contents (5.15 mg/g) occurred in treating at HP48 after germination for 5 days. The total phenolic acid contents including gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, catechin, ${\rho}$-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, salicylic acid, naringin, myricetin, trans-cinnamic acid, naringenin and kaempferol increased from $37.26{\sim}204.32{\mu}g/g$ at HP0 to $77.29{\sim}283.05{\mu}g/g$ at HP48. In antioxidant activity analyses, HP48 extracts showed higher values in ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging activity, reducing power, and $Fe^{2+}$ iron chelating effect than those of the HP24 and HP0 extracts. These results suggest that the combined treatment of high pressure treatment and germination process efficiently enhanced antioxidant compound and activity of rough rice.

Effects of Extraction Temperature and Time on Antioxidant Activities of Rhus verniciflua Extract (추출 온도와 시간이 옻나무 추출물의 항산화활성에 미치는 영향)

  • Park, Hye Jin;Yoon, Gun Mook;Lee, Sang Hoon;Jang, Gwi Yeong;Kim, Min Young;Meishan, Li;Lee, Junsoo;Jeong, Heon Sang
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
    • /
    • v.42 no.11
    • /
    • pp.1776-1782
    • /
    • 2013
  • Rhus verniciflua was extracted at different temperatures and times, and the extracts were evaluated for contents of total phenolics and flavonoids, and antioxidant activities using DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities. Extraction temperatures and times were 80, 100, 120, 140 and $160^{\circ}C$, and 1, 3 and 5 hr. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents as well as antioxidant activities by DPPH and ABTS increased as the extraction temperature increased. The total phenolic contents did not significantly increase at less than $100^{\circ}C$ with different extraction times. However, they were increased at 3 hr and decreased at more than $120^{\circ}C$. The total flavonoid contents reached a high value of 8.04 mg CE/g at $140^{\circ}C$. The antioxidant activity by DPPH increased as the extraction temperature increased and reached high values of 34.28 mg TE/g at $140^{\circ}C$. The total antioxidant activity by ABTS was similar to DPPH. These results presumed that the optimum extraction temperature and time in the process of Rhus verniciflua extraction are $140^{\circ}C$ for 3 hr.

Quality Characteristics at Different Storage Temperatures and Periods for Shelf Life Evaluation of Takju (탁주의 유통기간 산정을 위한 저장온도 및 기간별 품질특성)

  • Jang, Gwi Yeong;Lee, Sang Hoon;Li, Meishan;Kim, Sung Tae;Lee, Ji Hyun;Kang, Tae Su;Lee, Ju Yeon;Lee, Junsoo;Jeong, Heon Sang
    • The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
    • /
    • v.28 no.1
    • /
    • pp.104-110
    • /
    • 2015
  • This study was performed to investigate the changes in quality characteristics of Takju under different storage temperatures (5, 10 and $20^{\circ}C$) and length of shelf life. Under all storage conditions, alcohol content, pH, total bacteria and yeast counts of Takju decreased with increasing storage period. However, aldehyde content and total acidity increased. In sensory evaluation, flavor, taste and overall satisfaction of Takju under all storage conditions decreased with increasing storage period and temperature. Quality characteristics such as alcohol content, total bacteria count, yeast count, total acidity, pH, aldehyde content and overall satisfaction at high storage temperature changed faster than low storage temperature. Alcohol content, total bacteria count, yeast count, total acidity, pH and aldehyde content had high correlations among factors affecting sensory characteristics (p<0.01). based on the results from this study, expected expiration dates of Takju are 55, 26 and 3 days at 5, 10 and $20^{\circ}C$, respectively.

Comparison of Pork Quality and Muscle Fiber Characteristics between Jeju Black Pig and Domesticated Pig Breeds (제주 개량 흑돼지와 국내에 도입된 주요 돼지 품종의 육질 특성 및 근섬유 특성 비교)

  • Ko, Kyong Bo;Kim, Gap-Don;Kang, Dong-Geun;Kim, Yeong-Hwa;Yang, Ik-Dong;Ryu, Youn-Chul
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
    • /
    • v.55 no.5
    • /
    • pp.467-473
    • /
    • 2013
  • This study compared the pork quality and muscle fiber characteristics between the Jeju black pig (JBP) and domesticated pig breeds, including three-way crossbred (Landrace ${\times}$ Yorkshire ${\times}$ Duroc, LYD), Berkshire (B), Duroc (D), Landrace (L), Meishan (M), and Yorkshire (Y) pigs. JBP had the lowest carcass weight among the pig breeds (p<0.05) and its NPPC marbling score was lower than the other domesticated pig breeds (p<0.05), except for M. M had the highest value for backfat thickness among the pig breeds (p<0.05), whereas its NPPC marbling score was the lowest (p<0.05). The pH values were higher in JBP and B at 45 min and 24 h postmortem, respectively, but LYD and M had the lowest pH values at 45 min and 24 h postmortem, respectively (p<0.05). M had a higher lightness and lower redness than the other breeds (p<0.05). Moreover, M had the highest drip loss among the pig breeds (p<0.05), whereas D had the lowest drip loss and the highest redness (p<0.05). In terms of muscle fiber characteristics, JBP and LYD had the largest type IIB fibers (p<0.05). The fiber number and area composition of type I fibers were higher in JBP than the others (p<0.05) however type IIA fibers were lowest in JBP among the pig breeds (p<0.05). Overall, our results indicate that JBP provided better pork quality compared with M, but the carcass trait and pork quality of JBP were not better than LYD and D, respectively.