• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.79-99
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• 2008

All the major ports around the world as well as those in Korea have been exploring their own strategies to survive rapidly changing marine transport environment worldwide. In particular, Busan New Port under development still fails to meet expected logistical traffic, although it operates 6 berths. That is why it is necessary to point out current challenges in logistical strategy of Busan New Port for fully dealing with logistical traffic. Therefore, this study can propose the following ways to facilitate logistical traffic of Busan New Port. First, it is necessary to apply equal tariff to incentives given to shipping agent under the associations between existing harbors and Busan New Port. Second, it is required to increase governmental subsidy for truck freight transport. Third, it is demanded to seek possible ways to transport export and import freight and thereby create independent logistical traffic. Fourth, it is necessary to contact shipping agents residing in new ports and establish a logistical program for shipping freights via Europe, Middle East and Russia as well as those by way of North America, Japan, Korea and China, ultimately making sustainable marketing strategy to create a series of continuous transshipment freight, not temporary one. Finally, it is advisable to operate networked logistical programs with small- or medium-sized overseas shipping agents in business association with large-scale overseas shipping agents.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.357-367
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• 2013

It is important to make students do research for oneself. But the practice of inquiry activity is not easy in the mathematics education field. Intellectual curiosities of students are unpredictable. It is important to meet intellectual curiosities of students. We could get a sequence in the process solving a problem. This sequence was expressed in a form of the recurrence relation $a_n=a_{n-1}+a_{n-3}$ ($n{\geq}4$), $a_1=a_2=a_3=1$. We tried to look for the general terms of this sequence. This sequence is similar to Fibonacci sequence, but the process finding the general terms is never similar to Fibonacci sequence. We can get two general terms expressed in different form after our a great deal of effort. We hope that this study will give the spot of education energy.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.28 no.12
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• pp.155-166
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• 2023

This study was conducted with 50 elderly people each (5) participating in the cognitive rehabilitation treatment program at the Dementia Care Center in D City to derive the development direction and contents of a multidimensional therapeutic recreation program and a revitalization plan through analysis of the current status and actual conditions of the cognitive rehabilitation program at the Dementia Care Center. aperture) was selected, and 9 people were selected as the subject of expert group opinion collection. The collected data was SPSS ver. Using the 18.0 statistical program, descriptive statistics and the importance and priority of each component were analyzed by hierarchical structure analysis. First, unlike the needs of users, the cognitive rehabilitation support programs currently being provided are not sufficient and require considerable experience. It was found to be low, and the areas for improvement were the expansion of care and protection facilities and the development of various programs to meet the needs of users. Second, the importance and priority of each component of therapeutic recreation were categorized into 6 major categories: exercise therapy , middle category (16 items) behavior-centered approach to exercise therapy, small category (47 items) strength and brain gymnastics, and silver health gymnastics were the highest. This result shows that a multidimensional program plan that considers the priorities of each area must be made when developing a therapeutic recreation program.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.7 no.7
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• pp.944-955
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• 2004

The modern society as a high-level information-oriented society lays a great emphasis on lifelong education. It emphasizes all the learners' creative learning ability and various teaching-learning methods as well. We need the self-directed learning to meet these requirements, and one of the solutions is the self-directed teaching-learning process employing the web. Though many educators, so far, developed a number of teaching materials, they are no more than web-based teaching materials for simple learning activities or simple item-bank systems. So, this paper suggests an problem-solving based and self-directed learning system on web in order to overcome such simplicities, and it shows design and implementation of the system. Suggested learning system enables learners to get thinking skill though self-directed control of learning level after they learn the basic concepts and principles on the web as self-directed learning. For example, the system was applied to mathematics education for a middle school students. It supports a test of questions chosen from the item bank in a self-directed way, and helps learners to understand their learning levels for themselves and to solve their questions through on-line discussions with their instructor. The system can also be helpful in improving the learners' learning effects by sharing mutual information through the data room or the Q&A between learners and learners or between learners and instructors.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.504-519
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• 2020

Oceanic fronts, which are areas where sea water with different properties meet in the ocean, play an important role in controlling weather and climate change through air-sea interactions and marine dynamics such as heat and momentum exchange and processes by which properties of sea water are mixed. Such oceanic fronts have long been described in secondary school textbooks with the term 'Jokyung water zone (JWC hereafter) or oceanic front', meaning areas where the different currents met, and were related to fishing grounds in the East Sea. However, higher education materials and marine scientists have not used this term for the past few decades; therefore, the appropriateness of the term needs to be analyzed to remove any misconceptions presented. This study analyzed 11 secondary school textbooks (5 middle school textbooks and 6 high school textbooks) based on the revised 2015 curriculum. A survey of 30 secondary school science teachers was also conducted to analyze their awareness of the problems. An analysis of the textbook contents related to the JWC and fishing grounds found several errors and misconceptions that did not correspond with scientific facts. Although the textbooks mainly uses the concept of the JWC to represent the meeting of cold and warm currents, it would be reasonable to replace it with the more comprehensive term 'oceanic front', which would indicate an area where different properties of sea water-such as its temperature, salinity, density, and velocity-interact. In the textbooks, seasonal changes in the fishing grounds are linked to seasonal changes in the North Korean Cold Current (NKCC), which moves southwards in winter and northwards in summer; this is the complete opposite of previous scientific knowledge, which describes it strengthening in summer. Fishing grounds are not limited to narrow coastal zones; they are widespread throughout the East Sea. The results of the survey of teachers demonstrated that this misconception has persisted for decades. This study emphasized the importance of using scientific knowledge to correct misconceptions related to the JWC, fishing grounds, and the NKCC and addressed the importance of transferring procedures to the curriculum. It is expected that the conclusions of this study will have an important role on textbook revision and teacher education in the future.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.135-149
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• 1990

Housing owners in Korea have a variety of tax advantages such as income tax exemption for the imputed rent of owner-occupied housing, exemption from the capital gains tax and deduction of the estate tax for one-house households. These tax reliefs for housing owners not only conflict with the principle of horizontal and vertical equity, but also lead to resource misallocation by distorting the housing market, and thus bring about regressive distribution effects. Particularly in the case of Korea with its imperfect capital market, these measures exacerbate the inter-class inequality of housing ownership as well as inequalities in wealth, by causing the affluent to demand needlessly large housing, while the poor and young experience difficulties in purchasing residential properties. Therefore, the Korean tax system must be altered as follows in order to disadvantage owner-occupiers, especially those owners of luxury housing. These alterations will promote housing-ownership, tax burden equity, efficiency of resource allocation, as well as the desirable distribution of income. First, income tax deductions for the rent payments of tenants are recommended. Ideally, the way of recovering the fiscal equivalence between the owner-occupiers and tenants is to levy an income tax on the former's imputed rents, and if necessary to give them tax credits. This, however, would be very difficult from a practical viewpoint, because the general public may perceive the concept of "imputed rent" as cumbersome. Computing the imputed rent also entails administrative costs, rendering quite reasonable, the continued exemption of imputed rent from taxation with the simultaneous deduction in the income tax for tenants. This would further enhance the administrative efficiency of income tax collection by easing assessment of the landlord's income. Second, a capital gains tax should be levied on the one-house household, except with the postponement of payments in the case that the seller purchases higher priced property. Exemption of the capital gains tax for the one-house household favors those who have more expensive housing, providing an incentive to the rich to hold even larger residences, and to the constructors to build more luxurious housing to meet the demand. So it is not desirable to sustain the current one-house household exemption while merely supplementing it with fastidious measures. Rather, the rule must be abolished completely with the concurrent reform of the deduction system and lowering of the tax rate, measures which the author believes will help optimize the capital gains tax incidence. Finally, discontinuation of the housing exemption for the heir is suggested. Consequent increases in the tax burden of the middle class could be mitigated by a reduction in the rate. This applies to the following specific exemptions as well, namely, for farm lands, meadows, woods, business fields-to foster horizontal equity, while denying speculation on land that leads to a loss in allocative efficiency. Moreover, imperfections in the Korean capital market have disallowed the provision of long term credit for housing seekers. Remedying these problems is essential to the promotion of greater housing ownership by the low and middle income classes. It is also certain that a government subsidy be focused on the poorest of the poor who cannot afford even to think of owning a housing.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.250-260
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• 2019

This study assessed clove germination, shoot growth, photosynthesis and bulb development of southern-type garlic (Allium sativum L.) in a temperature gradient tunnel (TGT), to examine the impacts of increases in temperature on the growth of garlic and find a way to minimize them. The temperatures in the middle and outlet of the TGT were 3.2℃ and 5.8℃ higher, respectively, than the ambient temperature at the tunnel inlet. The germination of garlic cloves was late at temperatures of ambient+3℃ (in the middle of the TGT) and ambient+6℃ (at the outlet) than at ambient temperature (at the inlet). However, bolting and the timing of maximum leaf number per plant were faster at ambient+3℃ or +6℃ than at ambient temperature. Shoot growth was generally greater at ambient temperature. Bulb growth did not significantly differ according to cultivation temperatures, but fresh and dry weights were slightly higher at ambient temperature and ambient+3℃ in the late growth stage. The photosynthesis rate (A), stomatal conductance (g_s), and transpiration rate (E) were higher at ambient+3℃ than at ambient temperature. Furthermore, at ambient+3℃, the net photosynthetic rate (A_max) was high, while the dark respiration rate (R_d) was low. At ambient temperature and ambient+3℃, bulb development was healthier, resulting in better productivity and more commercial bulbs, while at ambient+6℃, the bulbs were small and secondary cloves developed, resulting in low commercial value. Therefore, at elevated temperatures caused by global warming, it is necessary to meet the low-temperature requirements before clove sowing, or to delay the sowing time, to improve germination rate and increase yield. The harvest should also be advanced to escape high-temperature stress in the bulb development stage.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.41 no.8
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• pp.851-859
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• 2008

To promote the adoption of healthier eating patterns, this study was aimed to develop and evaluate alternative front of pack nutrition signposting concepts. Based on previous research, we developed two signposting concepts, Multiple Traffic Light (MTL) and Multiple Traffic Light with % Daily Value (MTL-%DV). The signposts featured three key nutrients, total sugar, saturated fat, and sodium. Actual food packaging with no front of pack signposting (NoSP) was included in the evaluation to act as a benchmark against which to compare the performance of the different signposting options. Using an interviewer administered method, we assessed the degree of understanding and time to interpret on a total of 534 subjects (194 elementary, 108 middle, and 103 high schoolers, 128 adults). In the individual product evaluations, MTL (87.0%) obtained the highest level of correct responses, followed by MTL-%DV (83.1%) and NoSP (52.2%). Except for signposting concepts, age, gender and living area were not associated with the degree of correct responses in multivariate analyses. When used to compare products with different colors of nutrient contents, correct responses were more than 90% for MTL-%DV (91.5%) and MTL (90.3%). The middle and high schoolers revealed the lower likelihood of correct response compared to the other two groups. In case of comparing products with same colors of nutrient contents, the proportion of correct responses was the highest in NoSP (90%), followed by MTL%DV (77.4%) and MTL (48.5%). In terms of time to interpret, MTL-%DV and MTL performed better than NoSP in the individual product evaluation and the comparison of two products with different colors of nutrient contents. NoSP performed the best in the comparison of two products with same colors of nutrient contents. A majority of the participants preferred MTL-%DV (78%) most and thought it the most useful in helping them make healthier food choices. Based on these findings, MTL-%DV was considered to most closely meet the objectives of the initiatives.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.577-583
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• 2011

To meet the requirements of the Tier 4 interim regulations for off-road vehicles, emissions of particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) must be reduced by 95% and 30%, respectively, compared to current regulations. In this research, both the DPF and HPL EGR systems were investigated, with the aim of decreasing the PM and NOx emissions of a 56-kW off-road vehicle. The results of the experiments show that the DOC-DPF system is very useful for reducing PM emissions. It is also found that the back pressure is acceptable, and the rate of power loss is less than 5%. By applying the HPL EGR system to the diesel engine, the NOx emissions under low- and middle-load conditions are reduced effectively because of the high differential pressure between the turbocharger inlet and the intake manifold. The NOx emissions can be decreased by increasing the EGR rate, but total hydrocarbon (THC) emission increases because of the increased fuel consumption needed to compensate for the power loss caused by EGR and DPF.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.239-248
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• 2010

This paper describes a collaborative project between academia and industry which focused on improving the marketing and product development strategies for two private label apparel brands of a large regional department store chain in the southeastern United States. The goal of the project was to revitalize product lines of the two brands by incorporating student ideas for new solutions, thereby giving the students practical experience with a real-life industry situation. There were a number of key players involved in the project. A privately-owned department store chain based in the southeastern United States which was seeking an academic partner had recognized a need to update two existing private label brands. They targeted middle-aged consumers looking for casual, moderately priced merchandise. The company was seeking to change direction with both packaging and presentation, and possibly product design. The branding and product development divisions of the company contacted professors in an academic department of a large southeastern state university. Two of the professors agreed that the task would be a good fit for their classes - one was a junior-level Intermediate Brand Management class; the other was a senior-level Fashion Product Development class. The professors felt that by working collaboratively on the project, students would be exposed to a real world scenario, within the security of an academic learning environment. Collaboration within an interdisciplinary team has the advantage of providing experiences and resources beyond the capabilities of a single student and adds "brainpower" to problem-solving processes (Lowman 2000). This goal of improving the capabilities of students directed the instructors in each class to form interdisciplinary teams between the Branding and Product Development classes. In addition, many universities are employing industry partnerships in research and teaching, where collaboration within temporal (semester) and physical (classroom/lab) constraints help to increase students' knowledge and experience of a real-world situation. At the University of Tennessee, the Center of Industrial Services and UT-Knoxville's College of Engineering worked with a company to develop design improvements in its U.S. operations. In this study, Because should be lower case b with a private label retail brand, Wickett, Gaskill and Damhorst's (1999) revised Retail Apparel Product Development Model was used by the product development and brand management teams. This framework was chosen because it addresses apparel product development from the concept to the retail stage. Two classes were involved in this project: a junior level Brand Management class and a senior level Fashion Product Development class. Seven teams were formed which included four students from Brand Management and two students from Product Development. The classes were taught the same semester, but not at the same time. At the beginning of the semester, each class was introduced to the industry partner and given the problem. Half the teams were assigned to the men's brand and half to the women's brand. The teams were responsible for devising approaches to the problem, formulating a timeline for their work, staying in touch with industry representatives and making sure that each member of the team contributed in a positive way. The objective for the teams was to plan, develop, and present a product line using merchandising processes (following the Wickett, Gaskill and Damhorst model) and develop new branding strategies for the proposed lines. The teams performed trend, color, fabrication and target market research; developed sketches for a line; edited the sketches and presented their line plans; wrote specifications; fitted prototypes on fit models, and developed final production samples for presentation to industry. The branding students developed a SWOT analysis, a Brand Measurement report, a mind-map for the brands and a fully integrated Marketing Report which was presented alongside the ideas for the new lines. In future if the opportunity arises to work in this collaborative way with an existing company who wishes to look both at branding and product development strategies, classes will be scheduled at the same time so that students have more time to meet and discuss timelines and assigned tasks. As it was, student groups had to meet outside of each class time and this proved to be a challenging though not uncommon part of teamwork (Pfaff and Huddleston, 2003). Although the logistics of this exercise were time-consuming to set up and administer, professors felt that the benefits to students were multiple. The most important benefit, according to student feedback from both classes, was the opportunity to work with industry professionals, follow their process, and see the results of their work evaluated by the people who made the decisions at the company level. Faculty members were grateful to have a "real-world" case to work with in the classroom to provide focus. Creative ideas and strategies were traded as plans were made, extending and strengthening the departmental links be tween the branding and product development areas. By working not only with students coming from a different knowledge base, but also having to keep in contact with the industry partner and follow the framework and timeline of industry practice, student teams were challenged to produce excellent and innovative work under new circumstances. Working on the product development and branding for "real-life" brands that are struggling gave students an opportunity to see how closely their coursework ties in with the real-world and how creativity, collaboration and flexibility are necessary components of both the design and business aspects of company operations. Industry personnel were impressed by (a) the level and depth of knowledge and execution in the student projects, and (b) the creativity of new ideas for the brands.