• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제15권8호
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• pp.5088-5094
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• 2014

헛개나무 추출물은 알코올 분해, 간 손상 회복과 항산화 기능을 가지고 있다. 본 연구에서 헛개나무 추출물이 formalin으로 유도된 염증통증 동물모델에서 염증성 안면통증의 개선하는 능력여부에 대하여 조사하였다. 동물모델은 각각 4개의 그룹으로 나누었다; 그룹1 (대조군), 그룹2 (우측 안면부에 5% fomalin을 피하 주입하여 염증성 안면통증 유발군), 그룹3 (5% fomalin+D.W. 투여군), 그룹4 (5% fomalin+ 4.5 ml/kg 헛개나무 추출물 투여군). 긁거나 문지르는 행위에 대한 계수시험은 3그룹 사이의 다른 점을 평가하기 위해 적용되었다. 뇌와 연수에서의 p38 MAPK, iNOS, Nrf2의 발현은 통증조절, 염증, 항산화와 NO생성과 관련된다. 이것들을 단백정량분석(western blot)으로 분석하였다. 안면통증의 정도는 그룹4가 그룹 1,2,3에 비하여 유의하게 낮았다. 뇌와 연수에서의 p38 MAPK, iNOS, Nrf2의 발현도 또한 그룹4이 다른 그룹에 비하여 낮았다. 이러한 결과는 헛개나무 추출물이 p38 MAPK, iNOS와 Nrf2의 발현을 억제함으로서 염증성 안면통증을 감소시킬 수 있다는 것을 시사한다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.168-181
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• 2003

Objective: The neuroanatomical studies on the acupoints(Waiguan(SJ5), Neiguan(Pe6), Sanyinjiao(SP6) and Xuanzhong(GB39)) projecting to the brain area related to dimentia using the pseudorabies virus (PRV-Ba strain) in the mouse was described. Methods: The common locations of the brain projecting to the Waiguan, Neiguan, Sanyinjiao and Xuanzhong following injection of PRV-Ba were histochemically observed. The results were as follows Results : 1. PRV-Ba labeled areas in medulla oblongata, pons and midbrain were similar to 4 acupoints, theses areas were related to autonomic center. 2. PRV-Ba labeled areas in diencephalon and cebrebrum were differently labeled according to the acupoints. 3. CNS labeled areas in Waiguan were dense labeled in CA1-3 area of hippocampus, amygdaloid nucleus, insular cortex, parietal cortex, entorhinal cortex, perirhinal cortex, dorsal endopiriform cortex, piriform cortex, amygdalopiriform transition and bed n. of stria terminalis. 4. CNS labeled areas in Neiguan were dense labeled in insular cortex, amygdaloid nucleus, parietal cortex, entorhinal cortex, perirhinal cortex, dorsal endopiriform cortex, piriform cortex, amygdalopiriform transition and bed n. of stria terminalis. 5. CNS labeled areas in Sanyinjiao were dense labeled in CA1-3 of hippocampus, suprachiasmatic n., dorsal endopiriform cortex, piriform cortex and bed n. of stria terminalis. 6. CNS labeled areas in Xuanzhong were dense labeled in suprachiasmatic n., dorsal endopiriform cortex and piriform cortex. Conclusions : Following these results, labeled acupoints in brain areas related to dimentia are Waiguan and Neiguan. Common labeled areas are amygdaloid n., entorhinal cortex, amygdaopiriform transition, bed n. stria terminalis and perirhinal cortex.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.755-759
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• 2010

6년령의 암컷 닥스훈트견이 2일전 발생한 발작증상으로 내원하였다. 기본 신체검사, 실험실 검사 및 신경검사를 통해, 뇌 질환에 의한 발작이 의심되었다. 환자는 1.5T와 7T 자기공명영상을 통한 진단이 시도 되었다. T2 영상에서 간뇌 에서 연수 부위까지 광범위한 고신호성 뇌병변이 관찰되었다. 뇌척수액의 중합효소연쇠반응(RT-PCR)을 통하여, 개 디스템퍼 바이러스가 검출되었으며, 이를 근거로, 개 디스템퍼 바이러스에 의한 뇌수막염이 최종 진단 되었다. 지속적인 상태 악화에 의해, 환자는 진단 7일 뒤 보호자의 요청에 의해 안락사가 실시되었다. 사후 부검을 통한 조직검사에서 자기공명영상과 같은 부위의 뇌병변이 확인 되었다. 결론적으로 본 증례는 바이러스에의한 뇌병변의 1.5T와 7T 자기공명영상을 통한 첫 번째 진단 증례 보고 이다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제15권9호
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• pp.5594-5601
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• 2014

본 연구는 fomalin으로 유발한 실험동물의 안면부 통증 모델에서 사물탕의 항염증 작용과 항산화 작용을 확인하고자 수행되었다. Formalin 주입 전 사물탕추출물(3.5 mg/1 ml)을 3일간 복강 투여하였고, 3일차 사물탕 주입 30분 후 5% formalin($50{\mu}{\ell}$)을 실험동물의 오른쪽 수염부 피하에 주입하여 안면부 통증을 유발하였다. 사물탕 투여에 따른 안면부 통증행위반응을 측정하였다. 통증신호를 매개하는 염증과 산화작용의 지표로 실험동물의 뇌와 연수에서 p38 MAPK, iNOS, NOX4의 발현을 단백정량분석법으로 평가하였다. 사물탕은 안면부 통증행위반응을 유의하게 감소시켰을 뿐만 아니라, 염증성 매개 인자인 p38 MAPK, iNOS의 발현을 억제하였고 NOX4의 조절을 통한 항산화작용을 나타내었다. 이러한 결과를 통하여 사물탕의 투여가 안면부 통증 조절에 중요한 역할을 담당할 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제15권9호
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• pp.5708-5715
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• 2014

본 연구는 건강보조제 및 약제로서 전신의 염증반응 및 여러 약리적 효능을 가지고 있는 홍삼이 국소적인 안면 통증의 완화에 영향을 끼치는지에 관해 조사하였다. 실험동물은 4그룹으로 대조군(n=6)과 5% 포르말린 주입군(n=6), 5% 포르말린+D.W. 주입군, 홍삼(4.5 ml)(n=6) 복용군으로 나누어 45분간 안면을 긁거나 문지르는 행위를 계수하여 비교하였다. 홍삼 복용군에서 포르말린 주입군에 비해 유의하게 긁거나 문지르는 행위가 줄어들었으며, 15분부터 통증완화효과가 증가되기 시작되어 30분까지 유의한 효과를 보였다. 홍삼투여군에 대한 단백질정량분석 (western blot)으로 통증유발기전에 연관되는 염증과 항산화, NO생성에 관련된 신호전달 단백질 p38 MAPK와 iNOS, Nrf2를 뇌, 연수에서 활성정도를 비교한 결과 감소하는 경향을 확인할 수 있었다. 이상의 결과들은 홍삼이 전신적 약리효과 뿐만 아니라 국소적인 염증, 통증완화에도 효능이 있음 나타낸다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.117-133
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• 1998

The purpose of this morphological study was to investigate the relationship to facial nerve and LI4 related to the large intestine meridian. The common locations of the spinal cord and brain projecting to the LI4 and facial nerve were observed fallowing injection of transsynaptic neurotropic virus, pseudorabis virus(PRV), into the LI4 and facial nerve of the rat. After survival times of 96 hours following injection of PRV, the rats were perfused, and their spinal cord and brain were frozen sectioned(30${\mu}m$). These sections were stained by PRV immunohistochemical staining method, and observed with light microscope The results were as follows: 1. The PRV labeled spinal cord segments projecting to the LI4 and facial nerve were founded in cervical, thoracic, lumbar and sacral segments. Dense labeled areas of each spinal cord segment were founded in lamina IV, V, X, lateral spinal nucleus, intermediolateral nucleus and dorsal nucleus. 2. The PRV labeled medulla oblongata projecting to the LI4 and facial nerve were founded in the A1 noradrenalin cells/C1 adrenalin cells/caudoventrolateral reticular nucleus, rostroventrolateral reticular nucleus, medullary reticular nucleus, nucleus tractus solitarius, raphe obscurus nucleus, raphe pallidus nucleus, raphe magnus nucleus, gigantocellular nucleus, lateral paragigantocellular nucleus, and spinal trigeminal nucleus.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.306-315
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• 1998

1994년 1월에서 1998년 8월까지의 영남대학교 의과대학 부속병원에서 신경베체트병으로 진단받은 9명의 환자를 대상으로 전신적인 임상증상과 자기공명영상소견을 분석한 결과 주된 전신적인 증상은 구강궤양, 안질환, 음부궤양이었으며, 자기공명영상소견에서 병소부위는 중뇌, 내포, 뇌교, 시상, 대뇌기저핵, 중소뇌각, 연수, 그리고 피질하백질 순으로 호발되었다. 이들 병소는 T2강조영상에서 불균질의 고신호강도, T1강조영상에서 저신호 강도로 보였으며, 국소적인 조영증강이 비교적 흔하게 관찰되었다. 추적영상에서 병변의 호전 및 재발이 관찰되었으나 1년이상 추적검사에서 병변이 있던 부위에 뇌조직의 위축이 관찰되었다. 결론적으로 신경베체트병의 전신적인 임상증상과 특징적인 자기공명영상소견을 앎으로서 신경베체트병의 진단에 도움이 되리라 생각한다.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.70-73
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• 2014

Objectives: Yamen is the fifteenth acupoint of the Governor Vessel Meridian (GV15). It is anatomically close to the medulla oblongata, so finding the safety depth of the acupoint is very important. However, few studies on the safety depth of GV15 have been done. Methods: This study tried to measure the safety depth of GV15 by using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans and to analyze the factors affecting the safety depth through multiple regression analyses. This study was carried out for patients who had a brain MRI scan while visiting Jeonju Wonkwang Hospital, Korea. The shortest distance between the glabella and the occipital protuberance (DGO), the horizontal distance between the glabella and the back of the head (DGB) and the dangerous depth (DD) were measured from the sagittal views of the MRI images. The DD is the horizontal distance from the skin's surface at GV15 to the spinal dura mater. Results: The model suggested that the safety depth (SD) was significantly associated with gender (${\beta}$ = 0.474, P < 0.0001), DGO (${\beta}$ = 0.272, P = 0.027), and BMI (${\beta}$ = 0.249, P = 0.005) and the combination of three variables can explain the SD, with $R^2$ = 0.571 (Table 3). A longer SD was associated with males and with greater BMI and DGO. Conclusion: This study suggests that gender, BMI and DGO may be important factors when the SD of GV15 is considered clinically through a multiple regression analysis of GV15.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.1-29
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• 1996

This study was conducted to elucidate the pathogenesis of Aujeszky's disease virus(ADV) by histopathologic examination. The first Korean ADV Isolate, which was isolated from piglets with clinical signs of Aujeszky's disease in Yangsan(YS) county, Kyungnam province, was inoculated into 32 days old piglets with a dose of $10^{5.9}$$TCID_{50}/ml$ through intranasal or intramuscular route. These piglets were sacrificed at intervals of every 24hrs for 8 days. The virulence of YS strain was determined by the observation of clinical signs, gross findings, and histopathologic changes in tissues. The virus recovery test was performed from brain, spleen, lung and tonsil in cell culture. The pathogenesis of YS strain was determined by the observation of histopathologlc lesions in CNS and neuronal tracts. The major clinical signs were fever, anorexia, dyspnea, constipation, tremor, ataxia, circling movement, hindleg paralysis and salivation. The clinical signs were more severe in piglets of the group inoculated intranasally than those of the intramuscularly inoculated gorup. Lymphocytopenia was detected on day 5 to day 6 postinoculation (PI). The ADV was recovered from the tissue homogenates of tonsil, lung, spleen and cerebrum in cell culture. The highest virus titer was detected from tonsil between day 6 and day 7 PI. Reddish sublobar consolidation foci were scattered in the apical and cardiac lobes of lung. Although yellowish necrotic foci were detected in tonsil and liver, hemorrhagic lesions were mainly observed in heart, kidney and lymph nodes. Histopathologically, degeneration and necrosis of nerve cells, nonsuppurative meningoe-ncephalitis, nodular gliosis and perivascular cuffings were observed in CNS. Multifocal fibronecrotic foci were observed in lung, liver, lymph nodes and spleen. The major pathologic changes were detected in the midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata. Eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies were mainly observed in epithelia and /or macrophages of tonsil, liver, lung, spleen and submandibular lymph nodes, and neurons of brain, respectively. Observation of viral particles at various stages of replication were possible from the endothelial cells of the alveolar capillaries and tonsillar crypt epithelia by transmission electron microscope.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.125-135
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• 1988

Attempts of these studies were made to investigate the nonspecific congenital focal accumulation of ectodermal glial cells in the brain of normal piglets. The brain samples were taken from 1-,10-,20-,35-,45- and 70-day-old piglets from a SPF-pig farm and three model pig farms. Occurrences of neuroglial cell foci (NCF) on the brain were observed with light microscope. Appearance degrees of the congenital NCF on 10 to 16 cross section slides per a piglets brain were tentatively designed on a scale from degree+ to ⧻by NCF number: +, less than 20 of NCF number; ⧺, 21-40 of NCF number: ⧻, more than 41 of NCF number. The results obtained were as follows: 1. NCF in the brain were observed mainly on the cerebrum. Regions of higher frequencies on the cerebrum were ordered as subependymal layers of the lateral ventricles, peripheral regions of lateral ventricles in the white matter and some neuron layers under the molecular layer of the gray matter. But NCF were not observed in the cerebellum, pons, medulla oblongata and spinal cords. 2. On the subependymal layers of the lateral ventricles, NCF were observed in 100% of 27 piglets, and appearance degree of ⧻ was observed in 10 piglets(37.0%), ⧺ in 10 piglets(37.0%) and + in 7 Piglets(26.0%) of 27 piglets, respectively. 3. On the white matter of the cerebrum, NCF were observed in 25 piglets(92.6%) of 27 piglets, and appearance degree of ⧻ was observed in 3 piglets(11.1%), ⧺ in 13 piglets(48.2%), + in 9 piglets(33.3%) and - in 2 piglets(7.4%) of 27 piglets, respectively. 4. On the gray matter of the cerebrum, NCF were observed in 21 piglets(77.8%) of 27 piglets, and appearance degree of ⧻ was not observed, appearance degree of ⧺ was observed in 6 piglets(22.2%), + in 15 Piglets(55.6%) and - in 6 piglets(22.2%) of 27 Piglets, respectively. 5. NCF tended to be converged appearance on some regions and tended to be decreased markedly from 35th day after birth, and the shapes of NCF were: global or oval forms crowded by analogous shaped and stained cells in the empty spaces of the brain substrate or on one side of the blood vessels.