• Title/Summary/Keyword: Medium Size Corporation

Search Result 42, Processing Time 0.036 seconds

Performance Evaluation of a Round Baler Attachable to Medium Agricultural Tractors (중형 트랙터용 원형베일러 성능평가)

  • Chang, Dong-Il;Chung, Sun-Ok;Cho, Byoung-Kwan;Cho, Nam-Hong
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
    • /
    • v.37 no.2
    • /
    • pp.309-314
    • /
    • 2010
  • Bale is an operation of collecting livestock feed materials from field crop residue, and mechanization demand on the operation has been increased. Bailers imported from foreign countries such as Japan and European countries have been used, but those models showed improper performance in Korean situations. In recent years, a steel-roller type round baler attachable to medium size tractors(40 to 60 HP) for effective bale operation in Korea was developed. This study was conducted to evaluate field performance of the baler. For proper baling operation, engine speed was greater than 1,800rpm, average traction force and PTO torque were about 4kN and in a range of 380-671Nm, and maximum values were about 7kN and 3,000Nm, respectively. Performance evaluation tests for sudan grass, rice straw, and blue barley showed that field capacity was 0.59ha/h for blue barley and 0.99ha/h for sudan grass and rice straw. Bale weight, diameter, width, and bulk density were in ranges of 176.1~418.4kg, 1.07~1.12m, 1.02~1.04m, and 175.3~454.1kg/$m^3$. Noise sound level during the baling operation was 4dB greater than idle operation condition, which was considered to be ignorant.

Correlation of Simrad EM950(95kHz) Multibeam Backscatter Strength with Surficial Sediment Properties in the Sand Ridge of the Eastern Yellow Sea (황해 동부 사퇴분포지역의 표층퇴적물 특성과 Simrad EM950(95 kHz)멀티빔 후방산란 음압간 상관관계)

  • Kong, Gee-Soo;Kim, Seong-Pil;Park, Yo-Seop;Min, Gun-Hong;Kim, Ji-Uk;Park, Soo-Chul
    • Economic and Environmental Geology
    • /
    • v.39 no.6 s.181
    • /
    • pp.719-738
    • /
    • 2006
  • Simrad EM950 multibeam data and surficial sediment grab samples were acquired to correlate backscatter strength with surficial sediment properties in the eastern Yellow Sea which tidal sand ridges are dominantly developed. The study area is divided into the western sand ridge zone characterized by well sorted, fine sandy sediment, and the eastern non-sand ridge zone characterized by poorly sorted, medium sand with some gravels and shell fragments. In spite of minor difference in grain size between two zones, the variations of backscatter strength between two zones are distinct. Multibeam backscatter strength of study area shows good correlation with the grain size of surface sediment as well as the carbonate contents. High occurrence of carbonate shell fragments can increase grain size and bottom roughness. The dominance of higher backscatter strength in the eastern non-sand ridge zone may reflect the effects of coarse grain size and high shell fragments contents.

Distribution Characteristics of Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides) as an Exotic Species, in Some Medium-to-Large Size Korean Reservoirs and Physico-chemical Water Quality in the Habitats (국내 중대형 인공호에서 외래종인 배스(Micropterus salmoides)의 분포 특성 및 서식지의 이화학적 수질)

  • Kim, Hyun-Mac;Kil, Ji-Hyon;Lee, Eui-Haeng;An, Kwang-Guk
    • Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
    • /
    • v.46 no.4
    • /
    • pp.541-550
    • /
    • 2013
  • The objective of this study was to understand the distribution characteristics of largemouth bass as an exotic species in relation to water chemistry. The survey was conducted in 10 reservoirs in Korea that showed different properties in size, location and eutrophic state. Total number of fish species observed in the artificial reservoirs was 52 (13 family) and the relative abundance of the bass was 13% of the total, which is the third dominant species in the whole sample. The relative abundance of bass was the highest in the Pyungtak reservoir (60%), whereas the Daechung reservoir showed the lowest abundance (only 3%). Although no significance difference statistically were founded in the relationship between bass abundance and water quality parameters. The reservoir trophic state showed some relationships. As result, the higher abundance was observed in hypertrophic reservoirs that located in the esturine regions compared to other large and medium reservoirs classified as meso- or eutrphic state. In conclusion, bass distribution in the reservoir ecosystem can not be directly explained by water chemistry only but other environmental factors should be considered.

A study on Perception and Response Strategy of Korean Ship Owners on Global Sulphur Cap 2020 (황산화물(SOx) 배출 저감 규제에 대한 국적선사의 인식과 대응 전략에 관한 연구)

  • Lee, Choong-Ho;Kim, Hyun-Jung;Park, keun-Sik
    • Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
    • /
    • v.34 no.4
    • /
    • pp.141-160
    • /
    • 2018
  • In this paper, to analyze the perception and response strategy of Korean ship owners on Global Sulphur Cap 2020, examined the IMO environmental regulation status focusing on MARPOL Annex VI regulation about air pollution prevention, technological measures to reduce SOx emission, shipping industry and management status of Korean ship owners. First of all, the questionnaire was conducted for Korean ship owners after selecting the evaluation factors. The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference of the perception and response strategy of Korean ship owners by corporation size and main vessel type using frequency and cross analysis. It is confirmed that various researches on SOx emission reduction have been carried out from various points of view at home and abroad. In this study, existing studies related to technical factors for regulatory response and economics analysis were examined and evaluation factors were selected. As a result of analysis, it is found that large-sized shipping companies are more prepared for regulatory response than small and medium-sized bulk carrier owners. There were similar perception and the direction of response strategy about the impacts by corporation size and main vessel type. In about two years to be implemented in 2020, It is necessary to find an appropriate response strategy based on the support policy of the government and related organizations and the systematic analysis of the ship owners. Through this study, although the difference between the perception and response strategy of the ship owners by corporation size and main vessel type was understood, it was found that there were limitations on specific response strategy and corporate data collection. In future research, we should overcome the limitations of this study and conduct an in-depth study.

The Effects of Austempering Heat Treatment on the Processing Window and Mechanical Properties in Cast and Hot-rolled Fe-0.7wt%C-2.3wt%Si-0.3wt%Mn Steel (주조 및 열간 압연된 Fe-0.7wt%C-2.3wt%Si-0.3wt%Mn 강의 프로세싱 윈도우와 기계적 성질에 미치는 오스템퍼링 조건의 영향 비교)

  • Son, Je-Young;Hwang, Dong-Chan;Choi, Jae-Joo;Song, June-Hwan;Kim, Ji-Hun;Kim, Won-Bae;Ye, Byung-Joon
    • Journal of Korea Foundry Society
    • /
    • v.30 no.2
    • /
    • pp.60-65
    • /
    • 2010
  • In this study, we investigate the effects of austempering heat treatment on the processing window and mechanical properties in cast and hot-rolled Fe-0.7 C-2.3 Si-0.3 Mn steel. Each specimens were austenitised at $900^{\circ}C$ for 7 min, and austempered at $260^{\circ}C,\;320^{\circ}C$, and $380^{\circ}C$ for the various periods of time from 2 min to 240 min. After heat treatment, the evaluation of stage I and stage II as performed by optical metallography, XRD, hardness test. Both cast and hot rolled specimens had similar processing window. So grain size effect is not important to the austempered high carbon high silicon cast steel. When the austempering temperature was $260^{\circ}C$, the microstructure consisted of the lower ausferrite while the upper ausferrite structure was formed at $380^{\circ}C$. As the austempering temperature increases from 260 to $380^{\circ}C$, the strength and hardness decreased, elongaton and volume fraction of austenite increased. In addition, there was no change of mechanical properties between cast and hot-rolled specimens.

Synthesis and Characterizations of Polyacrylic Superabsorbent Polymer Containing Sorbitol (Sorbitol이 결합된 아크릴계 고흡수성 수지의 합성 및 특성)

  • Kim, Kong-Soo;Shin, Jae-Sup;Moon, Yong-Un;Lee, Kwang-Yong
    • Applied Chemistry for Engineering
    • /
    • v.7 no.1
    • /
    • pp.136-144
    • /
    • 1996
  • Polyacrylic super absorbent polymer(SAP) containing sorbitol was synthesized by inverse-suspension polymerization method. Sodium acrylate and acrylic acid were used as a monomer, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate(EGDMA) and glycerol polyglycidyl ether(GPGE) were used as a crosslinking agent, potassium persulfate(PPS) was used as an initiator, and cyclohexane was used as a solvent. Content of sorbitol was from 10mol% to 50mol% according to the mol ratio of acrylic acid monomer. The size distribution of the round shaped polymeric particle was $177{\sim}707{\mu}m$. Absorption amount of the polymer containing sorbitol was 785 to 1086 times of the polymer weight in distilled water, was 50 to 83 times in 0.9 % NaCl solution. Absorption and retention amount of the polymer were decreased with increasing the amount of sorbitol, but the polymer has an endothermic property which is +5 cal/g SAP.

  • PDF

Morphometric Variations in the Volar Aspect of the Distal Radius

  • Kwon, Bong Cheol;Lee, Joon Kyu;Lee, Suk Yoon;Hwang, Jae Yeun;Seo, Jang-Hyeon
    • Clinics in Orthopedic Surgery
    • /
    • v.10 no.4
    • /
    • pp.462-467
    • /
    • 2018
  • Background: Significant discrepancy exists between anatomical plate designs and the anatomy of the native distal radius, which may be attributable to considerable morphometric variations in the volar aspect of the distal radius. We aimed to evaluate the degree of variability in the morphometry of the distal radius and identify factors associated with this variability. Methods: We measured the volar surface angle (VSA) of the intermediate and lateral columns and the volar surface width (VSW) in the distal radius from three-dimensional computed tomography scans acquired from 81 cadaveric forearms. These morphometric parameters were compared between the lateral and intermediate columns, between males and females, and between Koreans and Caucasians. Caucasian morphometric data were obtained and pooled from the previous studies. The coefficient of variation was used to assess the variability of the parameters and Cohen's d to estimate the effect size of the difference between groups. Results: The average VSA of the lateral column was $22^{\circ}{\pm}6^{\circ}$, and that of the intermediate column was $29^{\circ}{\pm}8^{\circ}$ in Koreans (p < 0.001). The variability was high for both VSAs. The VSA of the intermediate column was significantly larger in males than in females (p < 0.001) and in Caucasians than in Koreans (p < 0.001). The average VSW of distal radius was $30{\pm}3mm$ at the watershed line, and it became narrower proximally. The VSW was significantly larger in males than in females (p < 0.001) and in Koreans than in Caucasians (p < 0.001). The effect sizes of the difference for the VSA and VSW between sexes, races and columns were medium to large. Conclusions: Considerable variability exists in the morphometry of the volar distal radius, with sex, race, and column as contributing factors. These results suggest that surgeons should carefully choose an anatomical volar locking plate with appropriate angulation characteristics for each patient to achieve patient-specific alignment of the distal radius.

The Relationship on Risk Type, Risk Management and Business Performance - Evidence from Korean FDIs in China

  • Yin, Heng-Bin;Kim, Bo-Hyun;Jung, Hong-Joo
    • Journal of Korea Trade
    • /
    • v.23 no.5
    • /
    • pp.45-65
    • /
    • 2019
  • Purpose - As the well-known Structure-Conduct-Performance paradigm implies, risk structure of a corporation may affect its risk management activity and the activity may in turn determine its performance. Depending on its goal, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) can shape its risk structure, risk management and its performance. Under this assumption, we investigate the relationship between the goals of FDI and risk management for the first time in academics. Design/methodology - This empirical research uses a survey of 279 current Korean enterprises' FDIs in China with the recently developed business risk quadrant model. Companies are classified into either a market- or an efficiency-seeking group, to identify how each group perceives and manages risks, and values the performance of risk management. Also, we apply integrated risk management method that multinational corporations have introduced in China, then verify the mediating effect between risk factors and performance. Findings - Our research shows the FDIs can expose themselves to differing risk structure although risk management activities simply represent the level of empowerment given to local management by headquarter due to limit of sample size despite diversity of risk and risk management tools. To sum, market seekers are found to have more strategic risk (revenue related risk) than efficiency seekers with financial risk (cost related risk). The market seekers can manage their risk by empowering their local organisation while the efficiency does the opposite ways. The risk management appears to be successful in general. Originality/value - Previous studies on small and medium enterprises' FDIs to China have concentrated on the analysis of entry determinants, withdrawal factors and individual risk management. Meanwhile, this research establishes enterprise-wide risk factors faced by the companies that advance into China, according to the method of the classification by ERM and verifies if they could synthetically improve performance through risk corresponding measures.

Study on the effect of small and medium-sized businesses being selected as suitable business types, on the franchise industry (중소기업적합업종선정이 프랜차이즈산업에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구)

  • Kang, Chang-Dong;Shin, Geon-Chel;Jang, Jae Nam
    • Journal of Distribution Research
    • /
    • v.17 no.5
    • /
    • pp.1-23
    • /
    • 2012
  • The conflict between major corporations and small and medium-sized businesses is being aggravated, the trickle down effect is not working properly, and, as the controversy surrounding the effectiveness of the business limiting system continues to swirl, the plan proposed to protect the business domain of small and medium-sized businesses, resolve polarization between these businesses and large corporations, and protect small family run stores is the suitable business type designation system for small and medium-sized businesses. The current status of carrying out this system of selecting suitable business types among small and medium-sized businesses involves receiving applications for 234 items among the suitable business types and items from small and medium-sized businesses in manufacturing, and then selecting the items of the consultative group by analyzing and investigating the actual conditions. Suitable business type designation in the service industry will involve designation with priority on business types that are experiencing social conflict. Three major classifications of the service industry, related to the livelihood of small and medium-sized businesses, will be first designated, and subsequently this will be expanded sequentially. However, there is the concern that when designated as a suitable business type or item, this will hinder the growth motive for small to medium-sized businesses, and designation all cause decrease in consumer welfare. Also it is highly likely that it will operate as a prior regulation, cause side-effects by limiting competition systematically, and also be in violation against the main regulations of the FTA system. Moreover, it is pointed out that the system does not sufficiently reflect reverse discrimination factor against large corporations. Because conflict between small to medium sized businesses and large corporations results from the expansion of corporations to the service industry, which is unrelated to their key industry, it is necessary to introduce an advanced contract method like a master franchise or local franchise system and to develop local small to medium sized businesses through a franchise system to protect these businesses and dealers. However, this method may have an effect that contributes to stronger competitiveness of small to medium sized franchise businesses by advancing their competitiveness and operational methods a step further, but also has many negative aspects. First, as revealed by the Ministry of Knowledge Economy, the franchise industry is contributing to the strengthening of competitiveness through the economy of scale by organizing existing individual proprietors and increasing the success rate of new businesses. It is also revealed to be a response measure by the government to stabilize the economy of ordinary people and is emphasized as a 'useful way' to revitalize the service industry and improve the competitiveness of individual proprietors, and has been involved in contributions to creating jobs and expanding the domestic market by providing various services to consumers. From this viewpoint, franchises fit the purpose of the suitable business type system and is not something that is against it. Second, designation as a suitable business type may decrease investment for overseas expansion, R&D, and food safety, as well negatively affect the expansion of overseas corporations that have entered the domestic market, due to the contraction and low morale of large domestic franchise corporations that have competitiveness internationally. Also because domestic franchise businesses are hard pressed to secure competitiveness with multinational overseas franchise corporations that are operating in Korea, the system may cause difficulty for domestic franchise businesses in securing international competitiveness and also may result in reverse discrimination against these overseas franchise corporations. Third, the designation of suitable business type and item can limit the opportunity of selection for consumers who have up to now used those products and can cause a negative effect that reduces consumer welfare. Also, because there is the possibility that the range of consumer selection may be reduced when a few small to medium size businesses monopolize the market, by causing reverse discrimination between these businesses, the role of determining the utility of products must be left ot the consumer not the government. Lastly, it is desirable that this is carried out with the supplementation of deficient parts in the future, because fair trade is already secured with the enforcement of the franchise trade law and the best trade standard of the Fair Trade Commission. Overlapping regulations by the suitable business type designation is an excessive restriction in the franchise industry. Now, it is necessary to establish in the domestic franchise industry an environment where a global franchise corporation, which spreads Korean culture around the world, is capable of growing, and the active support by the government is needed. Therefore, systems that do not consider the process or background of the growth of franchise businesses and harm these businesses for the sole reason of them being large corporations must be removed. The inhibition of growth to franchise enterprises may decrease the sales of franchise stores, in some cases even bankrupt them, as well as cause other problems. Therefore the suitable business type system should not hinder large corporations, and as both small dealers and small to medium size businesses both aim at improving competitiveness and combined growth, large corporations, small dealers and small to medium sized businesses, based on their mutual cooperation, should not include franchise corporations that continue business relations with them in this system.

  • PDF

High Throughput Screening and Directed Evolution of Tyrosine Phenol-Lyase (Tyrosine Phenol-Lyase의 고속탐색기술 개발 및 방향성 분자진화)

  • Choi Su-Lim;Rha Eu-Gene;Kim Do-Young;Song Jae-Jun;Hong Seung-Pyo;Sung Moon-Hee;Lee Seung-Goo
    • Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
    • /
    • v.34 no.1
    • /
    • pp.58-62
    • /
    • 2006
  • Rapid assay of enzyme is a primary requirement for successful application of directed evolution technology. Halo generation on a turbid plate would be a method of choice for high throughput screening of enzymes in this context. Here we report a new approach to prepare turbid plates, by controlling the crystallization of tyrosine to form needle-like particles. In the presence of tyrosine phenol-lyase (TPL), the needle-like tyrosine crystals were converted to soluble phenol rapidly than the usual rectangular tyrosine crystals. When an error-prone PCR library of Citrobacter freundii TPL was spread on the turbid plate, approximately 10% of the colonies displayed recognizable halos after 24 hours of incubation at $37^{\circ}C$. Representative positives from the turbid plates were transferred to LB-medium in 96-wellplates, cultivated overnight, and assayed for the enzyme activity with L-tyrosine as the substrate. The assay results were approximated to be proportional to the halo size on turbid plates, suggesting the screening system is directly applicable to the directed evolution of TPL. Actually, two best mutants on the turbid plates were identified to be $2{\sim}2.5$ and 1.5-fold improved in the activity.