• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.405.2-405.2
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• 2002

A near infrared (NIR) method was developed to analyze specious diversity for morphologically similar umbelliferous herbal medicine. Cnidium officinale Makino. This herbal medicine has been widely used as 'chungung' without any discrimination of its quality and original plants. though it has the ambiguous origins of plants between various countries especially Korea. China and Japan. It is named by Cnidium officinale Makino in Korea and Japan. in comparison with Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. in China. (omitted)

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.540-554
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• 2023

Heat stress is a major challenge to animal production in tropical and subtropical climates. Rabbits suffer from heat stress more than farm animals because they have few sweat glands, and their bodies are covered with thick fur. Intensive farming relies on antibiotics as antimicrobials or growth promoters to increase animals' productivity and health. However, the European Union and many countries have banned or restricted the use of antibiotics in animal feed for human health concerns. Several studies have found that replacing antibiotics in rabbit feed with natural plants or feed additives increases productivity and improves immune capacity, especially under heat stress conditions. Growth performance, immune response, gut microflora, and carcass yield may be increased in rabbits fed a diet supplemented with some natural plants and/or propolis. In this review article, we discuss and summarize the effects of some herbs and plant extracts as alternative feed additives on rabbit productivity, especially for those raised under hot ambient temperatures.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.159-165
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• 2010

Objectives: We evaluated the reliability of the possible covariates of the baseline survey data collected for the Epidemiological Investigation on Cancer Risk Among Residents Who Reside Near the Nuclear Power Plants in Korea. Methods: Follow-up surveys were conducted for 477 participants of the cohort at less than 1 year after the initial survey. The mean interval between the initial and follow-up surveys was 282.5 days. Possible covariates were identified by analyzing the correlations with the exposure variable and associations with the outcome variables for all the variables. Logistic regression analysis with stepwise selection was further conducted among the possible covariates to select variables that have covariance with other variables. We considered that these variables can be representing other variables. Seven variables for the males and 3 variables for the females, which had covariance with other possible covariates, were selected as representative variables. The Kappa index of each variable was calculated. Results: For the males, the Kappa indexes were as follow; family history of cancer was 0.64, family history of liver diseases in parents and siblings was 0.56, family history of hypertension in parents and siblings was 0.51, family history of liver diseases was 0.50, family history of hypertension was 0.44, a history of chronic liver diseases was 0.53 and history of pulmonary tuberculosis was 0.36. For females, the Kappa indexes were as follow; family history of cancer was 0.58, family history of hypertension in parents and siblings was 0.56 and family history of hypertension was 0.47. Conclusions: Most of the possible covariates showed good to moderate agreement.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.7-10
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• 2006

Anthracnose severely occurred on begonia (Begonia semperflorens Link.) nurseries in Gyeongju, Gyeongbuk in July, 2004. More than $80\%$ of begonia seedlings were diseased in the greenhouse surveyed and diseased leaves per plant were $12.1\%$ in average. Yellowish spots occurred on the leaves of begonia as initial symptoms, and they coalesced irregularly to form large brown pleomorphic lesions. Severely infected leaves were defoliated, resulting in abnormal growth of the entire plant. Colletotrichum sp. was repeatedly isolated from the diseased plants and was identified as Colletotrichum acutatum on the basis of the mycological characteristics on potato dextrose agar and RAPD analysis. Pathogenicity of the fungus was also confirmed by artificial inoculation on healthy plants. The optimum temperature for mycelial growth of C. acutatum was around $25^{\circ}C$. The fungus was sensitive to azoxystrobin, bitertanol, diethofencarb-carbendazim, difenoconazole and tebuconazole. This is the first report on the anthracnose of begonia caused by C. acutatum in Korea.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.77-86
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• 2016

Objectives : This study aims to investigate the current situation of domestic patents in Korea on natural products and to provide directions for developing and applying herbal medicinal products by in-depth analyses. Methods : Combinations of words, such as "A61K" or "A61P", "herb" or "Korean medicinal herb" or "Korean medicine" or "traditional" or "natural" or "$botanic^*$" or "China", and "medicine" or "treatment" or "prevention" or "improvement", were used to search patents in the World Intellectual Property Service (WIPS) database. Three methods were applied to analyze natural products patents. First, the number of patent registrations was sorted by year. Second, the assignees were analyzed by count and country of origin. Finally, cluster map analysis was conducted to explore frequently emerging words in natural products and the relationship amongst those words to treat corresponding diseases/technologies. Results : Results showed that, first, the total number of patents had been increasing. Among the patents, 76.4% were registered by domestic institutes/companies, and 23.6% by foreign institutes/companies. Second, USA, Japan, and China possess a considerable number of Korean patents and, therefore, domestic institutes/companies can seek joint technological development opportunities with their counterparts from those countries in the future. Finally, a total of four clusters were identified by cluster map analysis. Each of the clusters includes natural products related to diseases involving skin, aging, and blood sugar, as well as adult diseases. Conclusions : In this study, natural products patents registered in the Korean Intellectual Property Office were analyzed. The analyses results showed the kinds of natural products that had been employed for the treatment of certain diseases. However, natural products included in existing patents were minimal given that 4,174 species of indigenous plants are found in Korea. Thus, Korean institutes/companies should utilize unexplored plants to develop more value-added drugs.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.26-33
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• 2007

Genetic polymorphism and molecular authentication were investigated with the commercial medicinal herb, Peony (Paeonia spp.), using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. To identify the polymorphism of the RAPD patterns among plant origins, 20 different random primers were applied to the genomic DNA extracted from Paeonia spp. plants such as Paeonia (P.) lactiflora, P. officinale and P. japonica. Ten primers out of 20 primers could be used to discriminate the plant species in the same genus and 72 out of 81 scored DNA fragments (88.9%) generated with these primers were polymorphic. Especially, four primers, such as OPA1, OPA3, OP9, and OPA13, were useful to discriminate the plant origins among the species of Peony. In the results of cluster analysis using RAPD data obtained from the 10 primers, Peony (Paeonia spp.) plants used in this study were grouped into the two distinctive clusters, genetically. Herb medicine, especially P. lactiflora, were easily identified, when species-specific primers were applied to the investigation for discriminating herb medicine currently traded in domestic herb market, Kyungdongmart. Consequently, RAPD analysis was useful method to discriminate plant origins and the commercial medicinal herbs, Paeonia spp..

• CELLMED
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.7.1-7.6
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• 2020

Plants produce a wide range of active principles, making them a rich source of different types of medicines. Without any knowledge of the phytoconstituents or active principles the medicinal plants itself or in the form of polyherbal formulations, were used by all society of human being from ancient times for prevention and cure of disease, but most of the traditional formulations including the formulation of Ayurveda and Unani have not been scientifically validated in order to establish the pharmacopoeial standards to improve the efficacy. Globally, the people become conscious that uses of synthetic drugs for a long period is not safe; the trend of medical society at large is looking at alternatives from natural, safe sources to combat diseases. Due to this comprehension, it has been increased the demand for plant-derived medicine, and on the other side, it is extremely important to standardize the polyherbal formulations and validate them scientifically to improve their safety and efficacy. The polyherbal Unani formulation Safuf-e-Muallif is widely used and recommended in Unani system of medicine (USM) as a spermatogenic agent, semen thickening agent, etc. to treat sexual disorders viz. premature ejaculation, nocturnal emission, etc. The study mainly deals with phytochemical screening for the detection of nature of phytoconstituents and analytical technique like High-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) for developing fingerprint of Safuf-e-Muallif revealing specific identities of the drug. The phytochemical screening and HPTLC fingerprint profile for SM reported here may be used as a reference standard for quality control purpose in future.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.98-104
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• 2014

In the present study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects by Alopecurus aequalis Sobol on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production by RAW 264.7 cell line. Consistent with these observations, DS reduced the LPS-induced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) at the protein levels in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, the release of tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were also reduced by DS. Moreover, LPS increased expression phosphorylation of $I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$, but DS showed inhibitory effect by reducing LPS-inducible p-$I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$ expression level. These results suggest that the down regulation of iNOS, COX-2, TNF-${\alpha}$, and IL-6 expression by DS are achieved by the downregulation of NF-${\kappa}B$ activity, a transcription factor necessary for pro-inflammatory mediators, and that is also responsible for its anti-inflammatory effects.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.25-37
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• 2021

Objectives : Herbal medicines have been used a lot traditionally in Northeast Asia. In particular, various Apiaceae plants (Umbelliferae) are widely used for medicinal purposes among countries. However, the original species designated in each pharmacopoeia standards, are sometimes different and confuse. In this study, herbal medicines in the pharmacopoeia were analyzed for Apiaceae taxa to compare the taxonomic identity and different taxonomic opinions for each country based on their local flora and recent taxonomic studies. Methods : The scientific names of herbal medicines were analyzed origins from Pharmacopoeias of Republic of Korea, Democratic People's Republic of Korea, People's Republic of China, Taiwan, and Japan. Especially, we compared their local floras, international plant scientific name database, and recently published taxonomic studies to confirm the correct scientific name. Results : The analyzed apiaceous herbal medicines in pharmacopoeias were all 21 items and 39 taxa; the highest percentage, genus Angelica (21%) and roots including rhizomes (62%) the registered genera and medicinal parts, respectively. Eleven items were in all five country's pharmacopoeias. Four items were in more than two countries' pharmacopoeias. Six items were registered in only one pharmacopoeia. Conclusions : Our research provides necessary information, e.g., corrected scientific names of original species based on taxonomic species concepts, taxonomic reviews, and figures of medicines. These results will help in the understanding of the apiaceous taxa among the five countries' pharmacopoeias. Moreover, these extensive nomenclatural reviews of authentic apiaceous taxa will help for the next revision of Korea Pharmacopoeia.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.43-48
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• 2012

Objectives : This study was investigated to determine the contents of pesticide residues and sulfur dioxide residues in commercial herbal medicines in Korea. Methods : Chromatographic test was performed on 100 samples consisted with 10 kinds of medicinal plants including improted and domestic products. To establish 19 pesticide residues (DDE, DDD, DDT, Dieldrin, Methoxychlor, BHC isomers, Aldrin, Endosulfan isomers, Endrin, Captan, Procymidone, Chlorpyrifos and Imidacloprid) in commercial herbal medicines, chromatographic equipments were used with the gas chromatography-mass detector and gas chromatography-electron capture detector for qualitative analysis. The imidacloprid analysis was performed by high performance liquid chromatograpgy-ultraviolet detector at 270 nm UV wavelength. The contents of sulfur dioxides were analyzed by modified Monnier-Williams method. All methods were based on notification procedure of Korea Food & Drug Administration (KFDA). Results : The residual pesticides were not founded in improted and domestic samples. Among 100 samples, the residues of sulfur dioxide in 73 samples were not detected and 25 samples showed contents in the range of 0~21.90 mg/kg. The excess samples of MRLs were 2 samples (30 mg/kg to medicinal herbs), Asiasari Radix et Rhizoma (Imported product) and the average amount of sulfur dioxide in 2 unsuitable samples were 14.83 mg/kg. These samples were found to transgress KFDA regulatory guidance of residual sulfur dioxide. Conclusion : These results are able to use as basic data to improve the reliability and value of commercial medicinal herbs.