• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.29 no.1 s.52
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• pp.51-65
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to examine the trends of length of hospital stay (LOS), which is most likely to be a major attribute to hospital performance. From 1984 to 1994, an average LOS of each hospital was analyzed by factors such as medical departments, bed size, occupancy rate, region and ownership. This study was analyzed changing rate of LOS during 11 years. This rate was calculated by simple regression, which was used only with hospital without missing data during 11 years. This study findings are as follows. 1. The results indicated that the average LOS was steadily increased until 1990 but it was slightly decreased after 1990. 2. This trend could be found in all hospital scale and all group of occupancy rate. Specifically this trends of LOS were found in internal medicine, corporate owned hospitals, and hospitals in major city. But LOS of individual owned hospital was continuously increased until 1994. 3. Means of changing rates of LOS were calculated from 1984 to 1994. If we devided it into two parts, before 1990 and after 1990, most changing rates of LOS before 1990 except individual owned hospital were found positive sign. The changing rates after 1990 were negative sign but small hospital(lesser then 200 bed), individual owned hospital, national & public hospital and hospital in small urban have little change of LOS after 1990. Finally from this results we thought that most hospitals in Korea began to be concerned with LOS. Nevertheless LOS of several hospital such as small hospital or individual owned hospital was increased. And this trend may be caused by a few patients, low occupancy rate, or low profit. This trend of LOS is different from that of other countries. Perhaps this phenomenon is resulted from the reimbursement method. Because of fee for service reimbursement system in Korea the hospitals didn't need to shorten LOS in order to save the cost and increase the profit. Therefore reform of hospital cost reimbursement method will be needed to reduce hospital cost in Korea. We thought that the Korean health authority should consider the reimbursement method by unit of bundle of services, for example DRG and prepayment in the United States. This study presents some limitations such as no insight of severity of disease, case-mix measurement of hospital, and other clinical characteristics that can. possibly affect LOS. However, this study reports an important trend in LOS from 1984 to 1994.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.271-277
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• 2012

This study aims to figure out the effects of dental hygienists' professionalism and self-efficacy on job satisfaction using structural equations. This research conducted a survey to 616 study subjects. According to the analysis using SPSSWIN 18.0 and AMOS 20, the results are as follows : 1. It was shown that the dental hygienists' professionalism gained 3.34 points, self-efficacy was 3.76 points, and job satisfaction received 3.36 points. 2. It was found that as their age was higher, educational degree was higher, they were married, and working experience was more, their professionalism, self-efficacy, and job satisfaction were higher, which showed statistically significant difference. 3. Regarding the study model, there was positive effect as the correlation coefficient of professionalism and self efficacy was .69, that of professionalism and job satisfaction was .33, that of self-efficacy and job satisfaction was .59. In other words, there was correlation between professionalism and self-efficacy. When self-efficacy was higher than professionalism, job satisfaction also increased. Job satisfaction is affected by various environments within an organization and each individual's internal factors. The reason why job satisfaction is important is that along with the medical service quality and productivity, it is also associated with dental hygienists' individual life quality. In order to cope with this changeful time, it is needed for an organization to make efforts for change to enhance dental hygienists' job satisfaction, and also it is necessary to make endeavors so that dental hygienists can have confidence in their job and their professionalism and self-efficacy can be improved.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.60-70
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• 2018

Recently with the entrance to the aging society, the demand on health care services is being increased. However, there are still few GUI types of research considering the characteristics of new-silver generation progressively preparing for their golden(old) age. As the new-silver generation showed less reluctance to the information acquired through the Internet comparing to general seniors, but it is urgent to conduct researches about GUI of mobile healthcare services considering their physical, psychological and social characteristics. Hence, the purpose of this study was to propose some guidelines of GUI evaluation so that new-silver generation being emerged as main consumer group in future medical consumption could efficiently use mobile health care services. As the research methods, first, this study analyzed the characteristics of new-silver generation through reviewing literature and previous studies and understood the status quo of mobile health care services, and second, it analyzed the visual composition factors being preferred in each field of current mobile healthcare application and drew out a usability evaluation matrix of mobile GUI design appropriate for elderly people's characteristics. Third, with the drawn evaluation matrix, this study conducted the usability evaluation of 8 subjects in new-silver generation ranging from 57 years old to 65 years old through a heuristic way. This study expects that it would be contributed in increasing the GUI usability by proposing some guidelines for GUI being appropriated for new-silver generation user's characteristics, and thinks that researches about developing health-care mobile applications will be continued in future at the same time.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.4258-4269
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• 2013

This study attempted to examine the relationship between pygmalion leadership and the organizational commitment among hospital employees, and the mediating effect of the leader-member exchange (LMX) on their relationship. For this purpose, we designed structured self-response survey questionnaires, and collected data from 349 employees working at 9 hospitals and ambulatory clinics in Busan area. Frequency analysis, correlation analysis, factor analysis, and reliability analysis were performed using SPSS ver.18.0 program, and the path analysis was performed using AMOS ver.18.0 program. Major findings are as follows. First, some factors of pygmalion leadership were found to directly influence the quality of LMX, while some had both direct and indirect influences on organizational commitment. Second, the quality of LMX was found to partly mediate the relationship between pygmalion leadership and the organizational commitment in hospital organizations. This is the first in kind which was conducted in the hospital setting.

• Kidney Research and Clinical Practice
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.48-57
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• 2017

Background: Hepatic steatosis measured with controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) using transient elastography predicts metabolic syndrome in the general population. We investigated whether CAP predicted metabolic syndrome in chronic kidney disease patients. Methods: CAP was measured with transient elastography in 465 predialysis chronic kidney disease patients (mean age, 57.5 years). Results: The median CAP value was 239 (202-274) dB/m. In 195 (41.9%) patients with metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus was more prevalent (105 [53.8%] vs. 71 [26.3%], P < 0.001), with significantly increased urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (184 [38-706] vs. 56 [16-408] mg/g Cr, P = 0.003), high sensitivity C-reactive protein levels (5.4 [1.4-28.2] vs. 1.7 [0.6-9.9] mg/L, P < 0.001), and CAP (248 [210-302] vs. 226 [196-259] dB/m, P < 0.001). In multiple linear regression analysis, CAP was independently related to body mass index (${\beta}=0.742$, P < 0.001), triglyceride levels (${\beta}=2.034$, P < 0.001), estimated glomerular filtration rate (${\beta}=0.316$, P = 0.001), serum albumin (${\beta}=1.386$, P < 0.001), alanine aminotransferase (${\beta}=0.064$, P = 0.029), and total bilirubin (${\beta}=-0.881$, P = 0.009). In multiple logistic regression analysis, increased CAP was independently associated with increased metabolic syndrome risk (per 10 dB/m increase; odds ratio, 1.093; 95% confidence interval, 1.009-1.183; P = 0.029) even after adjusting for multiple confounding factors. Conclusion: Increased CAP measured with transient elastography significantly correlated with and could predict increased metabolic syndrome risk in chronic kidney disease patients.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.580-594
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• 2021

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact on self-reliance and satisfaction of participants participating in the self-sufficiency business program of the Ulsan Metropolitan Regional Self-Sufficiency Center. A self-filled questionnaire was surveyed on self-sufficiency participants in five Borough and Country in Ulsan for 4 weeks from September 1 to 30, 2020, and final 233 copies were used in the actual analysis. As a result of the study, first, the percentage of positive responses of the participants was found to be good at 71.7%, for questions on the degree of support to the government, local governments, and administrative welfare centers. Second, in response to a system or service that would like to be supported or needed in the future, support for living expenses and support for health and medical expenses appeared and as a result of gender difference analysis, it was confirmed that there was a significant difference between support for children's education expenses and support for housing funds. Among the factors of the participant's psychological self-reliance(self-control, confidence, and willingness to work), the factor of self-control was the most significant factor, followed by confidence and willingness to work. Overall satisfaction with work was the highest among 9 satisfaction items such as salary and working hours.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.8
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• pp.610-617
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• 2019

The urban-rural complex area in Korea has a distinctive spatial structure where the urban area and rural area coexist. Therefore, in order to cope with the over-depopulation in the rural region of the urban-rural complex area, it is necessary to explore various policies that can prevent the existing residents from leaving, and in fact support them to remain where they currently reside. In this context, this current study analyzed the factors affecting the existing residents' continuous intention to remain by employing the '2017 Chuncheon City Social Survey' as a countermeasure for the over-depopulation of the rural region in the urban-rural complex area. Especially, since a regional identity is determined endogenously, this study used a simultaneous bivariate ordered probit model with giving consideration to the endogenous relationship between a regional identity and a regional residents' intentions. As a result, it was found on analysis that the regional residential intention was higher as the regional identity was stronger. Furthermore, the regional identity was stronger as a householders' age and residence period were longer, and also as the residents were satisfied with their work leisure and life residence balance. It was also found that the residents' intention was higher as the residents' satisfaction with the local medical service and their work was increased. Thus, supporting policy is needed that can provide appropriate quality-of-life services in a timely manner, but only after identifying the demand for these services by the rural residents in the urban-rural complex area.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.313-332
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to compare motivations for self-archiving across disciplines on an academic social networking site. We carried out an online survey with ResearchGate(RG) users, testing 18 motivational factors that we developed from a previous study (enjoyment, personal/professional gain, reputation, learning, self-efficacy, altruism, reciprocity, trust, community interest, social engagement, publicity, accessibility, self-archiving culture, influence of external actors, credibility, system stability, copyright concerns, additional time, and effort). We adapted Biglan's classification system of academic disciplines and compared motivations across different categories of discipline. First, we compared motivations across the four combined categories by the two dimensions - hard-pure, hard-applied, soft-pure, and soft-applied. We also performed a motivation comparison across each dimension between soft and hard disciplines and between pure and applied disciplines. We examined investigated statistical differences in motivations by demographic characteristics and RG usage of participants across categories as well. Findings showed that there were differences of motivations, such as enjoyment, accessibility, influence of external actors and additional time and effort, and personal/professional gains, for self-archiving across disciplines. For example, RG users in the hard-applied were more highly motivated by enjoyment than others; RG users in the soft-pure were more highly motivated by personal/professional gains than others. It is expected that findings could be used to develop strategies encouraging researchers in various disciplines contributing to share their data and publications in ASNSs.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.129-139
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to analyze the characteristics of pediatric and adolescent patients who received sealant after health insurance coverage based on demographic factors such as gender, age, insurance type, care institution and region. Patient Sample Data from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service were used for this study. A total of 8,454,636 patients' data were obtained from 2010 to 2017. Of these, 114,680 patients got sealant treatment. Females were more likely to receive sealant treatment than males. 5 - 9 year age group showed the highest number of patients and proportion of treatment. Patients with health insurance were more likely to receive pit and fissure sealant treatment compared to patients with medical aid program. The number of sealant patients and the proportion of sealant treatment were the highest in dental clinics, followed by dental hospitals and public health centers. The number of sealant patients were the highest in Gyeonggi and proportion of sealant patients were the highest in Jeonbuk.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.51-61
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• 2012

This study seeks to understand how the choice of a coffee shop is related to a customer's loyalty and which characteristics of a shop influence this choice. It considers large-sized coffee shops brands whose market scale has gradually grown. The users' choice of shop is determined by price, employee service, shop location, and shop atmosphere. The study investigated the effects of these four properties on the brand attitudes of coffee shops. The effects were found to vary depending on users' characteristics. The properties with the largest influence were shop atmosphere and shop location Therefore, the purpose of the study was to examine the properties that could help coffee shops get loyal customers, and the choice properties that could satisfy consumers' desires The study examined consumers' perceptions of shop properties at selection of coffee shop and the difference between perceptual difference and coffee brand in order to investigate customers' desires and needs and to suggest ways that could supply products and service. The research methodology consisted of two parts: normative and empirical research, which includes empirical analysis and statistical analysis. In this study, a statistical analysis of the empirical research was carried out. The study theoretically confirmed the shop choice properties by reviewing previous studies and performed an empirical analysis including cross tabulation based on secondary material. The findings were as follows: First, coffee shop choice properties varied by gender. Price advantage influenced the choice of both men and women; men preferred nearer coffee shops where they could buy coffee easily and more conveniently than women did. The atmosphere of the coffee shop had the greatest influence on both men and women, and shop atmosphere was thought to be the most important for age analysis. In the past, customers selected coffee shops solely to drink coffee. Now, they select the coffee shop according to its interior, menu variety, and atmosphere owing to improved quality and service of coffee shop brands. Second, the prices of the brands did not vary much because the coffee shops were similarly priced. The service was thought to be more important and to elevate service quality so that price and employee service and other properties did not have a great influence on shop choice. However, those working in the farming, forestry, fishery, and livestock industries were more concerned with the price than the shop atmosphere. College and graduate school students were also affected by inexpensive price. Third, shop choice properties varied depending on income. The shop location and shop atmosphere had a greater influence on shop choice. The customers in an income bracket of less than 2 million won selected low-price coffee shops more than those earning 6 million won or more. Therefore, price advantage had no relation with difference in income. The higher income group was not affected by employee service. Fourth, shop choice properties varied depending on place. For instance, customers at Ulsan were the most affected by the price, and the ones at Busan were the least affected. The shop location had the greatest influence among all of the properties. Among the places surveyed, Gwangju had the least influence. The alternate use of space in a coffee shop was thought to be important in all the cities under consideration. The customers at Ulsan were not affected by employee service, and they selected coffee shops according to quality and preference of shop atmosphere. Lastly, the price factor was found to be a little higher than other factors when customers frequently selected brands according to shop properties. Customers at Gwangju reacted to discounts more than those in other cities did, and the former gave less priority to the quality and taste of coffee. Brand preference varied depending on coffee shop location. Customers at Busan selected brands according to the coffee shop location, and those at Ulsan were not influenced by employee kindness and specialty. The implications of this study are that franchise coffee shop businesses should focus on customers rather than aggressive marketing strategies that increase the number of coffee shops. Thus, they should create an environment with a good atmosphere and set up coffee shops in places that customers have good access to. This study has some limitations. First, the respondents were concentrated in metropolitan areas. Secondary data showed that the number of respondents at Seoul was much more than that at Gyeonggi-do. Furthermore, the number of respondents at Gyeonggi-do was much more than those at the six major cities in the nation. Thus, the regional sample was not representative enough of the population. Second, respondents' ratio was used as a measurement scale to test the perception of shop choice properties and brand preference. The difficulties arose when examining the relation between these properties and brand preference, as well as when understanding the difference between groups. Therefore, future research should seek to address some of the shortcomings of this study: If the coffee shops are being expanded to local areas, then a questionnaire survey of consumers at small cities in local areas shall be conducted to collect primary material. In particular, variables of the questionnaire survey shall be measured using Likert scales in order to include perception on shop choice properties, brand preference, and repurchase. Therefore, correlation analysis, multi-regression, and ANOVA shall be used for empirical analysis and to investigate consumers' attitudes and behavior in detail.