• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.67-76
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• 2022

Background: We conducted a cross-sectional study of residents within and outside Fukushima Prefecture to clarify their perceptions of the need for smartphone applications (apps) for explaining exposure doses. The results will lead to more effective methods for identifying target groups for future app development by researchers and municipalities, which will promote residents' understanding of radiological situations. Materials and Methods: In November 2019, 400 people in Fukushima Prefecture and 400 people outside were surveyed via a web-based questionnaire. In addition to basic characteristics, survey items included concerns about radiation levels and intention to use a smartphone app to keep track of exposure. The analysis was conducted by stratifying responses in each region and then cross-tabulating responses to concerns about radiation levels and intention to use an app by demographic variables. The intention to use an app was analyzed by binomial logistic regression analysis. Text-mining analyses were conducted in KH Coder software. Results and Discussion: Outside Fukushima Prefecture, concerns about the medical exposure of women to radiation exceeded 30%. Within the prefecture, the medical exposure of women, purchasing food products, and consumption of own-grown food were the main concerns. Within the prefecture, having children under the age of 18, the experience of measurement, and having experience of evacuation were significantly related to the intention to use an app. Conclusion: Regional and individual differences were evident. Since respondents differ, it is necessary to develop and promote app use in accordance with their needs and with phases of reconstruction. We expect that a suitable app will not only collect data but also connect local service providers and residents, while protecting personal information.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.19-26
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• 2008

Purpose: In general, We discharged radioactive wastewater and sewages less than $8.1{\times}10^{-13}$ Ci/ml in a exclusive water-purifier tank. Our hospital operating three exclusive water-purifier tank for radioactive wastewater and sewages of 60 tons capacity respectively. In order to meet the criteria it need a enough decay more than 125 days per each exclusive tank. However, recently we fell into the serious situation that decay period was decreased remarkably, owing to the wastewater amount increased rapidly by enlarge the therapy ward. For that reason, in this article, I'd like to say the way that reducing of radioactive wastewater and sewages rationally. Materials and Methods: From January, 2006 to October, four hundred and two cases were analyzed. They were all hospitalized during 3 days and 2 nights. We calculated the average amount of water used (include toilet water used, shower water used, washstand water used, $\cdots$), each exclusive water-purifier tank's decay period, as well as try to search the increased factors about water-purifier tank inflow flux by re-analysis of the procedure of radioisotope therapy step by step. Results: We could increase each exclusive water-purifier tank's decay period from 84 days to 130 days through the improvement about following cause: (1) Improvement of conventional toilet stool for excessive water waste $\rightarrow$ Replacement of water saving style toilet stool (2) Prevention of unnecessary shower and wash (3) Stop the diuretics taking during hospitalization (4) Analysis of relationship between water intakes and residual dose of body (5) Education about outside toilet utilization before the administration (6) Changed each water-purifier tank's maximum level from85% to 90% Conclusion: The originality of our efforts are not only software but hardware performance improvements. Incidentally the side of software's are change of therapy procedures and protocols, the side of hardware's are replacement of water saving style toilet stool and change of each water-purifier tank's maximum level. Thus even if a long lapse of time, problem such as return to the former conditions may not happen. Besides, We expect that our trials become a new reasonable model in similar situation.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.347-353
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• 2022

In this study, the radiation dose rate was measured by time and distance and evaluated whether radiation dose rate was suitable for domestic and international discharge criteria. In addition, the radiation dose emitted from the patient was measured with a glass dosimeter to evaluate the exposure dose if the caregiver stays in the isolated ward by placing a humanoid phantom instead of the caregiver at a distance of 1 m from the patient, on the second day of treatment. After 23 hours of isolation, the radiation dose rates at a distance of 1 m were 20.54 ± 6.21 µSv/h at 2.96 GBq administration and 27.94 ± 12.33 µSv/h at 3.70 GBq administration. The radiation dose rates at a distance of 1 m were 25.90 ± 2.21 µSv/h when 2.96 GBq was administered and 34.22 ± 10.06 µSv/h when 3.70 GBq was administered after 18 hours of isolation. However, if the isolation period is short may cause unnecessary radiation exposure to the third person. The reading of the attached dosimeter from the morning of the second day of treatment until removal was 0.01 to 0.95 mSv, which is a surface dose determined by the International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements. And the depth dose was 0.01 to 0.99 mSv. On the second day of treatment, even if the patient caregivers stayed in the isolation ward, the exposure dose of the patient family did not exceed the effective dose limit of 5 mSv recommended by the ICRP and NCRP.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.22-42
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• 1990

Sabaiksan has been prescribed to treat various allergic diseases in herbal medicine which were induced by various vasoactive amine released from the mast cells. The constituents of Sabaiksan are Mori Cortex Radices(MCR), Lycii Cortex Radicis(LCR) and Glycyrrhizae Radix(GR). Recently, simple models of compound 48/80 induced anaphylactic shock and cutaneous reaction in vivo were developed to test various agents employed in the field of allergy and toxicology research. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of Sabaiksan on compound 48/80 induced anaphylactic stock, cutaneous reaction and mesenteric mast cell degranulation rate in ICR mice, and on compound 48/80 induced peritoneal mast cell degranulation and histamine release in vitro. Groups of ICR mice were intraperitoneally pretreated with $100{\mu}{\ell}$ of saline, $MCR(2g/m{\ell}),\;LCR(2g/m{\ell}),\;GR(g/m{\ell})$ or Sabaiksan itself(MCR+LCR+GR) at 24, 12 and 1 hour before compound 48/80 solution ($10{\mu}{\ell}/gm$ B. W) were peritoneally given into them, and then mortality within 72 hours after the compound 48/80 injection, and mesenteric mast cell degranulation rate at 15 minutes after compound 48/80 injection were calculated. In vitro experiment, $400{\mu}{\ell}$ of rat peritoneal mast cell suspension$(10^6cell/m{\ell})$ were pretreated with $50{\mu}{\ell}$ of saline, $MCR(2g/m{\ell}),\;LCR(2g/m{\ell}),\;GR(g/m{\ell})$ or Sabaiksan itself at room temperature for 30 minutes, and then $50{\mu}{\ell}$ of compound 48/80 solution $(100{\mu}g/m{\ell})$ were added into it. 30 minutes after the addition of compound 48/80 solution, histamine release assay in the supernatant of peritoneal mast cell suspension were performed employing radioisotope enzymatic assay and morphologic changes of mast cells in each regular time point were photographed. Compared with controls, compound 48/80 induced anaphylactic shock was significantly inhibited by MCR and GR pretreatment into the ICR mice. Significant inhibition of compound 48/80 induced cutaneous reaction, mesenteric mast cell degranulation rate in vivo and histamine release from the rat peritoneal mast cells in vitro was observed only in MCR pretreated group. From the above results, it is suggested that MCR component of Sabaiksan may playa key role to suppress mast cell function since it has been applied to various allergic diseases.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.8 no.11
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• pp.217-224
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• 2008

Is trend that treatment that use isotope of radioactive substance increases from 1964 to now steadily. Bursting tube state solidified accordingly. But, do not establish treatment ward in presence at a sickbed by means that present regulation and system escape this as well as possession that exert negative impact in treatment action preferably is and is treating by radioactivity of small quantity, treatment air by that do not detain many sickers without equaling the institution although there is treatment ward keeps fair death anniversary and is in reservation stand-by status. To possess about 10 therapy rooms including existing sickroom in the institute of nuclear energy recently is looked but is waiting for an opportunity for treatment during suitableness time yet indeed even as that operate 57 radiation isotope therapy rooms all in about 28 hospitals in present domestic state is solveded. Therefore, radiation safety supervision by medical treatment action that treat as radioactive substance may need more active effort. Make mandatory to equipment that hospital which correspond to present the third medical examination and treatment must equip, or effort about more active system improvement may have to be about equipment that enforce this.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.241-248
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• 2005

X-ray examinations represent the largest man-made source of radiation exposure for the population. The need for standardization of radiation exposures has been suggested and the guidance levels for various radiographic and radioisotope examinations has been proposed by the International Atomic Energy Aency(IAEA) as a safety standard. In many countries, the situation of medical radiographic exposures in each country should be researched before the appropriate guidance level is established. In this study, measurements of entrance surface dose, dose-area product(DAP), computed tomograghic dose index(CTDI) and mean glandular dose(MGD) were carried out in patients who underwent routine x-ray examinations, fluoroscopy, computed tomograghy and mamography in Korea. These measured quantities were compared with the results from the calculation method in previous study. And we suggested diagnostic reference levels in medical imaging in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.141-146
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• 2019

Radiation sources used in the field of industrial non-destructive pose a risk of exposure due to ageing equipment and operator carelessness. Thus, the need for a safety management system to trace the location of the source is being added. In this study, Monte Carlo Simulation was performed to analyse the angle dependence of the unit-cell comprising the line-array dosimeter for tracking the location of radiation sources. As a result, the margin of error for the top 10% of each slope was 5.90% at $0^{\circ}$, 8.08% at $30^{\circ}$, and 20.90% at $60^{\circ}$. The ratio of the total absorbed dose was 83.77% at $30^{\circ}$ and 53.36% at $60^{\circ}$ based on $0^{\circ}$(100%) and showed a tendency to decrease with increasing slope. For all gradients, the maximum number was shown at $30^{\circ}$ No. 9 pixels, and for No. 10, there was a tendency to drop 7.24 percent. This study has shown a large amount of angle dependence, and it is estimated that the proper distance between the source and line-array dosimeters should be maintained at a distance of not less than 1 cm to reduce them.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.95-102
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• 1983

The radical treatment of uterine cervical cancer by interacavitary radium or cesium, in combination with teletherapy are well known. Although the result of such treatment should not give rise to complacency, problem of radiation exposure to medical staff had not been resolved. Fortunately, many attempts have been made to reduce this hazard, most of which take the form of afterloading applicators with a suitably shielded radioisotope. In order to avoid hazardous radiation exposure to staffs concerned with brachytherapy, RALS using high intensity source of Co-60, have been employed at Yonsei Cancer Center since May, 1979. It allows rectal and bladder doses to be kept low, while maintaining a satifactory usual dose distribution of the other type of applicators, and the short treatment time allow four or five patients to be treated per hour. It also removes much patient's discomfort and the difficulties of nursing these patients. Since the first introduction in Korea, over seven hundred cases with various stage of uterine cervical cancer have been treated on a radical basis at this center last 4 years. These authors have strongly attracted attention to the results in terms of local control rate, survival s and morbidity compared with those of conventional low dose rate radiotherapy. Retrospective interim analysis of data was preliminarily accomplished through the labored follow-up study of 340 cases treated during initial 2 years and the radiobiologic standpoint of high dose rate intracavitary irradiation will be discussed.

• Journal of Radiopharmaceuticals and Molecular Probes
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.84-95
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• 2016

Considerably increasing interest in using the theranostic isotopes/ isotope pairs of radiometals like $^{44/47}Sc$ and $^{64/67}Cu$ for diagnosis and/or therapeutic applications in the nuclear medicine procedures necessitates its reliable production and supply. Separation and purification of no-carrier-added (NCA) isotopes from macro quantitates of the irradiated target matrix along with other impurities is a cardinal procedure amongst several other steps involved in its production. Multitudinous methods including but not limited to liquid-liquid (solvent) extraction, extraction chromatography (EXC), ion exchange, electrodeposition and sublimation are routinely applied either solitarily or in combination for the separation and purification of radioisotopes depending on their production routes, radioisotope of interest and impurities involved. However, application of EXC though has shown promises towards the numerous separation techniques have not received much attention as far as its application prospects in the field of nuclear medicine are concerned. Advances in the recent past for application of the EXC resins in separation and purification of the several medically important radioisotopes at ultra-high purity have shown promising behavior with respect to their operation simplicity, acidic and radiolytic stability, separation efficiencies and speedy procedures with the enhanced and excellent extraction abilities. In this mini review we will be talking about the recent developments in the application and the use of EXC techniques for the separation and purification of $^{44/47}Sc$ and $^{64/67}Cu$ for medical applications. Furthermore, we will also discuss the scientific and practical aspects of EXC in the view of separation of the NCA trace amount of radionuclides.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.477-482
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• 2015

Workers in nuclear medicine have performed various tasks such as production, distribution, preparation and injection of radioisotope. This process could cause high radiation exposure to wokers' hand. The purpose of this study was to investigate shielding effect for r-rays of 140 and 511 keV by using Monte-carlo simulation. As a result, it was effective, regardless of lead thickness for radiation shielding in 140 keV r-ray. However, it was effective in shielding material with thickness of more than only 1.1 mm in 511keV r-ray. And also it doesn't effective in less than 1.1 mm due to secondary scatter ray and exposure dose was rather increased. Consequently, energy of radionuclide and thickness of shielding materials should be considered to reduce radiation exposure.