• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.278-287
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• 2015

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Diet plays an important role in growth and development of children. However, dietary intakes of children living in either rural or urban areas can be influenced by household income. This cross-sectional study examined energy, nutrient and food group intakes of 749 urban children (1-10 years old) by household income status. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Children's dietary intakes were obtained using food recall and record for two days. Diet adequacy was assessed based on recommended intakes of energy and nutrients and food group servings. RESULTS: For toddlers, all nutrients except dietary fiber (5.5 g) exceeded recommended intakes. Among older children (preschoolers and school children), calcium (548 mg, 435 mg) and dietary fiber (7.4 g, 9.4 g) did not meet recommendations while percentage of energy from total fat and saturated fats exceeded 30% and 10%, respectively. The mean sodium intakes of preschoolers (1,684 mg) and school children (2,000 mg) were relatively high. Toddlers in all income groups had similar energy and nutrient intakes and percentages meeting the recommended intakes. However, low income older children had lowest intakes of energy (P < 0.05) and most nutrients (P < 0.05) and highest proportions that did not meet recommended energy and nutrient intakes. For all food groups, except milk and dairy products, all age groups had mean intakes below the recommended servings. Compared to middle and high income groups, low income preschoolers had the lowest mean intake of fruits (0.07 serving), meat/poultry (0.78 serving) and milk/dairy products (1.14 serving) while low income toddlers and school children had the least mean intake of fruits (0.09 serving) and milk/dairy products (0.54 serving), respectively. CONCLUSION: Low socioeconomic status, as indicated by low household income, could limit access to adequate diets, particularly for older children. Parents and caregivers may need dietary guidance to ensure adequate quantity and quality of home food supply and foster healthy eating habits in children.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.15 no.11
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• pp.83-93
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• 2017

Purpose - The study aims to analyze the VMD(Visual Merchandising) perception factors in recent sporting goods store and clarify the effect of each VMD perception factors on brand image, satisfaction, and customer revisit intention. The VMD perception factors play an important role in attracting and actually inducing sales to the visiting customers. It has investigated the effect of VMD perception on customer satisfaction and revisit intention. It is expected that the company's marketing strategy with VMD will be differentiated and competitive in sports item stores, brand image enhancement, customer retention, and acquisition. Research design, data, and methodology - In order to verify the hypotheses of this study, a total of 380 questionnaires had been distributed. 360 respondents were used in the final analysis excluding 20 respondents' incomplete answers. The SPSS 18.0 program was used and the data analysis was conducted for the demographic characteristics and distribution behavior. Principal Components Analysis was used for the common factor extraction for validity analysis, and factor analysis was conducted to verify such as validity in brand image or brand attitude. As for Multiple regression analysis, was performed to verify and in the research model, and in and , the mediation was defined through the Sobel Test in order to verify the brand image mediating effects on VMD, store satisfaction, and revisit inquiry of sports store. Results - Qualitative research shows that VMD sub-variables such as aesthetic, fitness, and functional convenience influence store satisfaction and revisit intention. As a result of analyzing the mediating effect of the brand image, the more VMD is strengthened, the more brand image is improved and store satisfaction is also increased. Conclusions - VMD enhancement requires a VMD strategy aligned with the company's management policies and objectives, a visual directing and consistent concept that delivers a strong message to customers. The customer actual purchasing behavior is a combination of various factors such as sports item stores' interior design, display, advertisement promotion like POP(Point of Purchase), salespersons and their service quality, so that the VMD image and the brand image must be consistent and a unique strategic plan is required.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.257-263
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• 2020

This study was conducted to improve the quality of National Health Policy by analysing the effects of sociodemographic characteristics, Medical institutions characteristics and characteristics of Admission-Discharge on the length of stay in hospital for schizophrenic patients from the data of Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service. The subjects were 4,692 patients who were diagnosed with schizophrenia as main diagnosis from the data records of HIRA-NIS 2016. Regression analysis was performed to evaluate the effect on the length of stay. Sociodemographic characteristics, hospital characteristics and characteristics of Admission-Discharge were used as explanatory variables and length of stay in hospital was used as a dependent variable. The result of study showed that female, age, medical aid, the kind of hospital, gangweon-do and with mental disease were found to be the factors that affect the length of stay. The significance of this study is to use the public data for evaluating factors that affect the length of stay in hospital for schizophrenic patients. But this study did not consider disease severity, so further study is needed for evaluation of the effects of factors on the length of stay according to disease severity.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.397-406
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to provide the basic data in order to improve the quality of charged recuperation facilities which are specialized in the old. after finding out the satisfaction degree for the services which are provided in the current charged recuperation facilities specialized in the old and surveying the services which are demanded by users. As for the research method. the subjects were 88 family members of the users in the five charged recuperation facilities, which are specialized in the old and located in Seoul and Incheon. The survey research was executed from 27th July to 15th September, 2002. Then the collected data were analyzed by using the SPSS 10.0 for windows program. The research results are as follows. Firstly, in the satisfaction degree of the user's family about the daily service showed the highest satisfaction degree for the kind service of the staff to the users. In the satisfaction degree about the specialized service of the user's family, the satisfaction degree was high in bedsore prevention, periodical health care, proper medical treatment, family counsel, and adequate disease management. In the satisfaction degree about the facility and environmental service, the satisfaction degree about the surrounding environment of the facility or safety facility, and the comfort condition was high. In the satisfaction degree about the services related to the local society, it was high in the hospital and medical-related field. Secondly, in the demanded services, the demanding degree for worship, mental and spiritual nursing, hospice, funeral service, family meeting, and support for the special vehicle were not so high, but it was shown that they were generally demanded. Thirdly, it was shown that the provided services had an overall high satisfaction degree. In the service satisfaction degree according to the general characteristics of the user's family, it was recognized that there was a significant difference between the distinction of sex and local society related services. Also, there was a significant difference in the satisfaction degree between age and specialized service. Through the above research results, detailed rehabilitation programs such as linguistic treatment and working treatment should be more and more compensated in order to supplement the insufficient points of the services provided by the charged recuperation facility specialized in the old. Additionally, the correlation with the local society such as education and training for specialized human labor, close cooperation among the facilities, and positive participation in local society events are thought to be reinforced.

• The Korean Journal of Blood Transfusion
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.136-144
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• 2012

Background: Fresh frozen plasma (FFP) transfusion is administered primarily for management of acquired bleeding disorders. However, in practice, FFP transfusion is increasing without a solid rationale. Methods: We conducted an audit to evaluate the appropriateness of the indications for FFP transfusion during the period from July 2010 through June 2011. Assessment of the appropriateness of the indications was based on the national transfusion guidelines and the transfusion criteria promulgated by the Severance Hospital. Results: In total, 17,733 units of plasma were transfused to 1,949 patients over 4,982 events. We found that administration of FFP was not in compliance with the recommended guidelines in 1,990 events. The number of total FFP transfusions was higher in medical departments (Gastroenterology) than in surgical departments (Thoracic and cardiovascular surgery, General surgery). However, the proportion of cases of inappropriate transfusion was higher in surgical departments than in medical departments. Both the total number of FFP transfusion and the proportion of inappropriate transfusion were high in patient with neoplasm, disease of the digestive system, and diseases of the circulatory system. Conclusion: Continuous monitoring on appropriateness for FFP transfusion and feedback to the physician are critical in securing the transfusion safety as well as maintaining the quality of FFP transfusion. New-found indication for FFP transfusion should be investigated and applied in timely manner.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.32-41
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• 2019

Objective : The purpose of this study is to develop a personal health record(PHR) application of atopic dermatitis in Korean Medicine(KM). Methods : We have identified the items necessary to provide an PHR application that helps to record and manage the symptoms of an atopic dermatitis in KM. We also derived the symptom collection process and method and applied it to the application. Results : In this study, the types of symptoms collected for atopic dermatitis were derived. Symptoms include daily check, stool/urine/sleep, daily emotion, meal management, symptom photographs, SCORAD, quality of life, progress check, original symptom, pediatric health check, weakness check, and subjective symptoms. The recording cycle can be divided into the first, daily, weekly, specific day, and subjective. We developed the PHR application of atopic dermatitis in KM by deriving the type of symptoms and symptom recording process. The app organized menus into dashboards, checklists, daily checks, and health records. Conclusions : We developed a PHR application for atopic dermatitis by deriving symptom collection items of atopic dermatitis and developing symptom collection process and collection technique. The app does not make an accurate diagnosis of atopic dermatitis symptoms, but it helps facilitate symptom collection and helps to identify or predict a person's health condition. It can also be used for medical treatment through sharing symptoms with Korean medicine. Patients are able to communicate in both directions on a daily, weekly, self-aware basis, at the request of a doctor, to record their symptoms and use them for medical purposes. If the doctor asks for a progress check to refer to the next examination, it can be written through the system. This manages atopic dermatitis in daily life and can be used in the clinical field.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.77-86
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• 2022

This study is a descriptive research study to understand the level of communication awareness between doctors and nurses, who are professional medical professionals, and the detailed areas and satisfaction of communication. Data were collected from 372 doctors and nurses at general hospitals located in C city from March to May 2021. The collected data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, mean and standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe test, and correlation analysis, using the SPSS/WIN 20.0 program. As a result, there was a difference in the awareness level of communication between doctor and nurse groups. Specifically, out of the detailed areas of communication recognized by doctors and nurses, there were statistically significant differences in openness(t=9.91), mutual understanding between occupations(t=5.25), and satisfaction(t=8.13) between the two groups. In addition, a positive correlation was found between the detailed areas and the communication satisfaction in both groups, showing that nurses have higher communication satisfaction with the higher openness(r=.72, p<.001), mutual understanding between occupations(r=.71, p<.001) and similarly, doctors also have higher communication satisfaction with the higher mutual understanding between occupations(r=.79, p<.001), timeliness(r=.73, p<.001). Therefore, these result suggest that it is necessary to develop a communication program that can effectively improve the weak areas such as mutual understanding between occupations and openness in nurses and doctors in order to ensure patient safety and provide quality medical care.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.335-341
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• 2022

This article is devoted to the study of the process of formation of the digital generation in a distance learning environment. With the introduction of quarantine due to the spread of COVID-19, opponents of digital technologies were forced to turn to relevant resources, while supporters identified new opportunities for the development of didactics and education in general. The irreversibility of the former educational reality became apparent and only the scale of the vision of potential change by interested and disinterested groups differed. Using a comprehensive approach, the authors consider the issues related to the direct and indirect impact of distance learning on children and young people born after the beginning of the XXI century. The article reveals the prerequisites and implications of distance education for the interaction of participants in the educational process. IC technologies during the educational process in the primary grades, in addition to identifying the student's learning deficit, should provide the transmission of non-verbal signals, which are important for children of this age. At the same time in the secondary school IR-technologies are designed to replace frontal learning during the assimilation of knowledge and at the same time not to worsen the quality of the educational process. Formation of students in the HEI takes place in the political science format, constant discussion of problem situations, so the task of introducing IC technology in this process is the accurate transfer of the content of the discussions. Individualization and autonomization of the educational process, its dependence on the results of the choice of educational content, and the use of pedagogical management tools change the philosophy of education for children and youth. The authors conclude that the formation of a digital generation, characterized by an increased level of digital literacy of children and youth, the possession of a certain level of digital capacity requires the use of strategies aimed at optimizing the learning process in a digital educational environment.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.61-74
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• 2009

Purpose: In order to increase the quality of nursing care for patients with diabetes mellitus, it is important for clinical nurses to accept changes in diabetes knowledge and correct their approach immediately. This approach will also contribute to effective nursing practice. Methods: The study was designed to investigate the level of knowledge and diffusion of knowledge for nursing care of patients with diabetes mellitus among clinical nurses. It was conducted with nurses from 29 general hospitals in Korea from November 3 to December 5, 2008. The questionnaire consisted of 129 items and it was sent to the participants by mail. Of the 1,060 questionnaires returned, only 930 were valid for use in the statistical analysis. Results: 1) The average score for clinical nurses' knowledge of diabetes mellitus was 0.67 out of 1.0. 2) The level of persuasion of knowledge for nursing care of patients with diabetes mellitus averaged 0.64 out of 1.0 3) The level of practical application of knowledge for nursing care of patients with diabetes mellitus averaged 1.05 out of 2.0, indicating that they applied their knowledge 'sometimes'. 4) The level of diffusion of knowledge for nursing care of patients with diabetes mellitus was 2.37 out of 4.0 and level was estimated as the stage of 'persuasion'. 5) There were significant differences in nursing knowledge of diabetes mellitus, according to experience in practical education for diabetes mellitus. Conclusion: The results indicate that nurses with a lower level of knowledge of diabetes mellitus have a lower level of persuasion of knowledge for nursing care of patients with diabetes mellitus and lower practical application. To improve the level of nurses' knowledge of diabetes mellitus, practical training programs are needed for areas in which knowledge level is low, such as 'diagnosis and management of diabetes mellitus', 'oral diabetes medication', and 'glucose control in special conditions'.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.237-249
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• 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the adequacy of current nurse staffing levels by identifying nursing activities and workload. Methods: The study used a mixed-method design. A nursing activity survey was conducted using the work sampling method over 2 working days with 119 general ward nurses. A focus group interview was conducted with 12 nurses. Quantitative and qualitative data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0 and content analysis, respectively. Results: The most amount of time was spent on medication (in direct nursing) and electronic medical record documentation (in indirect nursing). The appropriate nurse-to-patient ratio is 1:7.7 for the day shift, 1:9.0 for the evening shift, and 1:11.9 for the night shift. However, the current nurse-to-patient ratio is 1:9.4, 1:11.0, and 1:13.8 for the day, evening, and night shifts, respectively. Therefore, the current nurse staffing level is insufficient for the workload. In the focus group interview, the main reasons cited for being unable to complete tasks within working hours were communication and coordination, and the nursing electronic medical record. The essential nursing activities of basic nursing and emotional support were overlooked owing to a heavy workload. Therefore, an adequate nurse staffing level should be higher than the measured quantitative workload. Conclusion: These results suggest the general wards of tertiary hospitals should evaluate the adequacy of their current nurse staffing and allocate sufficient nurses to improve patient safety and nursing care quality.