• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.123-128
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• 2016

Phantom limb pain is a phenomenon in which patients experience pain in a part of the body that no longer exists. In several treatment modalities, spinal cord stimulation (SCS) has been introduced for the management of intractable post-amputation pain. A 46-year-old male patient complained of severe ankle and foot pain, following above-the-knee amputation surgery on the right side amputation surgery three years earlier. Despite undergoing treatment with multiple modalities for pain management involving numerous oral and intravenous medications, nerve blocks, and pulsed radiofrequency (RF) treatment, the effect duration was temporary and the decreases in the patient's pain score were not acceptable. Even the use of SCS did not provide completely satisfactory pain management. However, the trial lead positioning in the cauda equina was able to stimulate the site of the severe pain, and the patient's pain score was dramatically decreased. We report a case of successful pain management with spinal cauda equina stimulation following the failure of SCS in the treatment of intractable phantom limb pain.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.310-322
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• 2021

The incidence of extremity amputation is estimated at about 200,000 cases annually. Over 25% of patients suffer from terminal neuroma or phantom limb pain (TNPLP), resulting in pain, inability to wear a prosthetic device, and lost work. Once TNPLP develops, there is no definitive cure. Therefore, there has been an emerging focus on TNPLP prevention. We examined the current literature on TNPLP prevention in patients undergoing extremity amputation. A literature review was performed using Ovid Medline, Cochrane Collaboration Library, and Google Scholar to identify all original studies that addressed surgical prophylaxis against TNPLP. The search was conducted using both Medical Subject Headings and free-text using the terms "phantom limb pain," "amputation neuroma," and "surgical prevention of amputation neuroma." Fifteen studies met the inclusion criteria, including six prospective trials, two comprehensive literature reviews, four retrospective chart reviews, and three case series/technique reviews. Five techniques were identified, and each was incorporated into a targetbased classification system. A small but growing body of literature exists regarding the surgical prevention of TNPLP. Targeted muscle reinnervation (TMR), a form of physiologic target reassignment, has the greatest momentum in the academic surgical community, with multiple recent prospective studies demonstrating superior prevention of TNPLP. Neurorrhaphy and transposition with implantation are supported by less robust evidence, but merit future study as alternatives to TMR.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Medical Physics Conference
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• 2006.08a
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• pp.127-127
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• 2006

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2007.06a
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• pp.369-369
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• 2007

The physical and visual evaluation of the identical X-rays are analyzed for medical image clarity with CD-RAD Phantom on this study. The method of measurement is to research CD-RAD by X-rays and to acquire images through image processing equipment, the image analyses are carried out by physical evaluation with statistical method through CD-RAD analyser program, and the visual evaluation of the identical X-rays is carried out by blind test for 20 observers. The result of it is that IQF value of the physical evaluation of Contrast-detail curve is 25 and IQF value of the visual evaluation is 30, so it is revealed that the physical evaluation is superior to the visual one. The special qualities of medical images have much importance of the transmission capacity of information to the image analyser, so it is concluded that 0비ective methods of the physical and visual analyses should be carried out side by side.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.223-229
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• 2019

In order to reduce the radiation exposure dose of the patient and to obtain accurate diagnosis results, the quality control of the diagnostic radiation generator must be conducted periodically In particular, bone density test equipment could be influenced by many factors, and it is far more important because inaccurate measurement would eventually affect the result value. However, the cross-correction phantom of DXA equipment is poorly penetrated due to lack of awareness of the industry and the high cost. Therefore, this study developed a BMD phantom using a 3D printer and Korean BMD phantom with low cost by cross analyzing Korean BMD value from The Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and evaluated it. The L1, L2, and L3 BMD values of phantoms produced with the 3D printer were measured to be $0.887{\pm}0.006g/cm^2$, $0.927{\pm}0.006g/cm^2$, and $0.960{\pm}0.005g/cm^2$, at 215 mm height and $0.882{\pm}0.011g/cm^2$, $0.914{\pm}0.005g/cm^2$, $0.933{\pm}0.008g/cm^2$ at 155 mm height displaying statistically significant relevance. The result suggests that a proper quality control and cross calibration of DXA device be possible and expected to be an essential data for various medical phantom manufacture development using 3D printer.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.15-21
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• 2023

This study was purpose to assessment of the resolution characteristics by using ATS 535H Basic quality assurance (QA) phantom for ultrasound. The ultrasound equipment was used Logiq P6 (Ultrasound, GE Healthcare System, Chicago, IL, USA). And the ultrasound transducer were used Convex 4C (4~5.5 MHz), Linear 11L (10~13 MHz), Sector 3SP (3~5.5 MHz) probe. As for the noise power spectrum (NPS) comparison results by using ATS 535H Basic QA ultrasound phantom and Convex 4C, Linear 11L, Sector 3SP probe. The NPS value of the Convex 4C probe image was 0.0049, Linear 11L probe image was 0.0049, Sector 3SP probe image was 0.1422 when the frequency is 1.0 mm^-1. The modulation transfer function (MTF) comparison results by using ATS 535H Basic QA ultrasound phantom and Linear 11L probe the MTF value of the 3 cm focus image was 0.7511 and 4 cm focus image was 0.9001 when the frequency is 1.0 mm^-1. This study was presented characteristics of spatial resolution a quantitative evaluation methods by using ultrasound medical images for QA of ultrasound medical QA phantom. The quality control (QC) for equipment maintenance can be efficiently used in the clinic due to the quantitative evaluation of the NPS and MTF as the standard methods. It is meaningful in that it is applied mutatis mutandis and presented the results of physical resolution characteristics of the ultrasound medical image.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.62 no.4
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• pp.476-486
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• 2019

Objective : The functional information of $^{11}C$-methionine positron emission tomography (MET-PET) images can be applied for Gamma knife radiosurgery (GKR) and its image quality may affect defining the tumor. This study conducted the phantom-based evaluation for geometric accuracy and functional characteristic of diagnostic MET-PET image co-registered with stereotactic image in Leksell $GammaPlan^{(R)}$ (LGP) and also investigated clinical application of these images in metastatic brain tumors. Methods : Two types of cylindrical acrylic phantoms fabricated in-house were used for this study : the phantom with an array-shaped axial rod insert and the phantom with different sized tube indicators. The phantoms were mounted on the stereotactic frame and scanned using computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and PET system. Three-dimensional coordinate values on co-registered MET-PET images were compared with those on stereotactic CT image in LGP. MET uptake values of different sized indicators inside phantom were evaluated. We also evaluated the CT and MRI co-registered stereotactic MET-PET images with MR-enhancing volume and PET-metabolic tumor volume (MTV) in 14 metastatic brain tumors. Results : Imaging distortion of MET-PET was maintained stable at less than approximately 3% on mean value. There was no statistical difference in the geometric accuracy according to co-registered reference stereotactic images. In functional characteristic study for MET-PET image, the indicator on the lateral side of the phantom exhibited higher uptake than that on the medial side. This effect decreased as the size of the object increased. In 14 metastatic tumors, the median matching percentage between MR-enhancing volume and PET-MTV was 36.8% on PET/MR fusion images and 39.9% on PET/CT fusion images. Conclusion : The geometric accuracy of the diagnostic MET-PET co-registered with stereotactic MR in LGP is acceptable on phantom-based study. However, the MET-PET images could the limitations in providing exact stereotactic information in clinical study.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.101-107
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• 2017

Objectives : We report a case of Phantom Limb Pain (PLP) and propose the possibility of integrative Korean and Western medicine in PLP treatment. Methods : For 42 days, a patient who complained of pain and insomnia with PLP (December 20, 2016 to January 20, 2017) received Korean and Western medical treatment. The patient was treated with analgesic injection, a neuropathic pain inhibitor, the combined herbal formula powders Bojungikgitang, and acupuncture. Symptom improvement was assessed using the numerical rating scale (NRS) and continuous sleep time. Results : The patient's NRS scores decreased, and continuous sleep time increased after treatment. The NRS scores decreased from 10 to 0, and the continuous sleep time increased from 2 hours to 7 to 8 hours. Conclusion : According to the results, this report suggests that integrative Korean and Western medicine could be effective in the treatment of PLP patients.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.7-15
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• 2015

The egg white phantom is a thermal lesion visualization phantom able to illustrate a thermal lesion. It is often used to evaluate the performance of HIFU and is less expensive than the BSA phantom. This study determined the optimal phantom composition for evaluated therapeutic ultrasound machines by varying the egg white concentration in the egg white phantom and demonstrated its utility as a therapeutic ultrasound phantom. The egg white phantom at varying egg white concentrations (10-40% in 10% intervals) was fabricated, and its thermal properties and acoustic properties were assessed. In addition, the size and shape of the formed lesion were compared between the egg white phantom and bovine liver tissue according to the electrical power. The results showed that 30% egg white phantom was optimal for the performance evaluation due to its thermal and acoustic properties. The generated thermal lesions formed sequentially as a cigar, ellipse, tadpole, and cone shapes according to the electrical power; a similar tendency was observed in the liver tissue. Hence, we conclude that the egg white phantom will prove useful in quantitatively evaluating the thermal effects of therapeutic ultrasound.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.100-109
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• 2014

In stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT), the accurate location of treatment sites should be guaranteed from the respiratory motions of patients. Lots of studies on this topic have been conducted. In this letter, a new verification method simulating the real respiratory motion of heterogenous treatment regions was proposed to investigate the accuracy of lung SBRT for Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy. Based on the CT images of lung cancer patients, lung phantoms were fabricated to equip in $QUASAR^{TM}$ respiratory moving phantom using 3D printer. The phantom was bisected in order to measure 2D dose distributions by the insertion of EBT3 film. To ensure the dose calculation accuracy in heterogeneous condition, The homogeneous plastic phantom were also utilized. Two dose algorithms; Analytical Anisotropic Algorithm (AAA) and AcurosXB (AXB) were applied in plan dose calculation processes. In order to evaluate the accuracy of treatments under respiratory motion, we analyzed the gamma index between the plan dose and film dose measured under various moving conditions; static and moving target with or without gating. The CT number of GTV region was 78 HU for real patient and 92 HU for the homemade lung phantom. The gamma pass rates with 3%/3 mm criteria between the plan dose calculated by AAA algorithm and the film doses measured in heterogeneous lung phantom under gated and no gated beam delivery with respiratory motion were 88% and 78%. In static case, 95% of gamma pass rate was presented. In the all cases of homogeneous phantom, the gamma pass rates were more than 99%. Applied AcurosXB algorithm, for heterogeneous phantom, more than 98% and for homogeneous phantom, more than 99% of gamma pass rates were achieved. Since the respiratory amplitude was relatively small and the breath pattern had the longer exhale phase than inhale, the gamma pass rates in 3%/3 mm criteria didn't make any significant difference for various motion conditions. In this study, the new phantom model of 4D dose distribution verification using patient-specific lung phantoms moving in real breathing patterns was successfully implemented. It was also evaluated that the model provides the capability to verify dose distributions delivered in the more realistic condition and also the accuracy of dose calculation.