• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.81-97
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• 1982

Ethylene oxide gas has been used as a cold sterilant for heat-sensitive medical equipments and as a fumigant for food for more than 30 years, and it is used more widely than radiation although radiation sterilization has made significant inroads in recent years. But according to recent studies of toxicities such as mutagenicity, haemolytic effect and possible carcinogenicity of Ethylene oxide (ETO) and its two main reaction products, Ethylene chlorohydrin (ETCH) and Ethylene glycol (ETG), Environmental Protection Agency in U.S.A. has suggested some regulations on residual gas in drug products and medical devices for human use. The mutagenic activity of ETO compared with that of X-ray has an equivalency of 1 ppm/hr for ETO as compared to 20 mrad for X-ray, and one could suggest the present maximum allowable concentration for ETO (50 ppm) should be 400 times lower than the radiation standard (2.5 mrad/hr). Although radiation sterilization has advantages of simplicity of operation and complete reliability, changes of physico-chemical properties with possible formation of toxic substances may occur. It is therefore necessary to make some regulations of our own for residual toxicities orginated from each sterilization method.

• 대한디지털의료영상학회논문지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.130-136
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• 2002

One of current trends of medical technology is analog to digital. Moreover, The Government put a premium on PACS(Picture Archiving and Communication System) for Medical Insurance in November, 1999. Therefore many hospitals are installing(or planning to install) PACS facilities on their buildings. However most of hospitals didn't consider PACS facilities in the beginning of construction. In particular, the Networking is one of the most difficult things for PACS installation. There is no space for network equipments, and no path for network lines, etc. To solve these problems, wireless network is proposed. The wireless network is divided to three parts mainly. One is the wireless communication for Local Area Network, another is the data transmission through a satellite for Tele-Radiology, and the last one is the technology using Bluetooth for each sub-system of PACS. But there are other problems in wireless systems, i.e., network bandwidth, system stability, interference with other devices. The purpose of this paper is to suggest the future and new trend of PACS including all the problems.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.357-373
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• 1992

After medical insurance came into effect in Korea, health care system has undergone tremendous changes. Changing patterns of newly established clinics is one of them. To investigate changes and trends, a total of 10,184 clinics which were newly established from 1981 to 1990 were analysed. Data were obtained from the file of contracting medical facilities of the Federation of Medical Insurance Societies. The proportion of newly establishied clinics has increased gradually, so that they amount to 13% of the total medical facilities in Korea. Meanwhile, the number of newly established medium-size hospitals and general hospitals have decreased. The number of newly established clinics per 100,000 populations has increased in the all areas, but the rate of increase has decreased in the cities except in 6 major cities in 1990. The rate of increase in newly established clinics surpasses that of population increase. This study has identified the trend of young physicians' early driving into their solo medical practice than before. This indicates chance of the medical specialty training nowadays toughen due to the limited openings in residency programs. However, the sex ratio of physicians at newly established clinics has not changed. The decreasing tendency to open medical practice without beds and the increasing size of clinics are found in this study(The size has been measured in terms of medical manpower, of beds, and of medical equipment in this study). Two thirds of general practitioners have opened their clinics without beds, although such trend has been less in the case of specialists. All three indicators show increasing size, especially in the case of rural clinics. However, among them, the number of medical equipments has increased most significantly from 8.9 items in 1981 to 12.9 in 1990.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.19-27
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• 2007

Purpose: By identifying the actual profile of emergency medical personnel's pre-admission infection control practices, this study intended to provide a basic reference material for the improvement and reorientation of pre-admission infection control measures, and thereby help establish an effective plan for pre-admission infection control activities. Methods: Total 119 EMT's working for Jeollabuk-do Provincial Fire Defense HQ were asked to join a structured questionnaire survey from June to August 2006. Results: 1. It was found that 56.1% respondents answered no guideline available on the prevention of infection. Out of our rescue brigade members who knew about relevant guideline available, 34.2% respondents answered that their department conducted quality control program for the guideline. 2. For protective outfit in emergency practice, it was found that most respondents put on gloves or nothing at all(38%), which was followed by sterile gloves(29.2%), disposable mask(26.9%), gown(4.3%) and protective goggle(1.6%). And it was noted that all respondents(100%) washed out any clothing contaminated with somatic secretion on their own. 3. For a question about any experience in emergency activities exposed to infectious diseases, it was found that most of all respondents(77.9%) answered 'No', which was followed by 'Don't Know'(18.6%) and Yes(3.9 %). 4. For a question about any experience in inquiring of patients about infectious diseases, it was found that most respondents(49.4%) answered 'Yes' and 'Sometimes'(9.1%). It was noted that 20.2% respondents had extra medical examination in medical institution in terms of whether they were exposed to infectious diseases, apart from regular medical examination. Conclusions: In order to protect 119 EMT's from infectious diseases, it will be necessary to acquire emergency medical staffs specializing in infection control and organize corresponding personnel training units to keep providing reorientation and evaluation. In addition, it will be also necessary to supply them with a full set personal protection apparatuses and other equipments required for disinfection and sterilization.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.107-116
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• 2013

Objectives : This study was aimed to facilitate mutual comprehension between Western and Traditional Korean Medicine (TKM) by analyzing recognition of medical school students on traditional medical prescription and treatment such as herbal medicines and acupuncture. Methods : We conducted a survey targeting medical school students of four medical schools from April through May 2009, and analyzed 208 cases responded. Results : Survey results revealed that medical school students took knowledge of traditional medicine from TV programs and on the Web in general. They thought they had considerable traditional medical knowledge but did not almost understand for professional contents. Regardless of some positive recognition for traditional herbal medicine, negative perspectives were more common and its safety and efficacy on the drug reference were considered as a major reason. On the other hand, recognition on acupuncture was comparatively positive. Scientific data for both herbal medicine and acupuncture are lacking in reality but the attitude only for acupuncture was different. Of the survey respondents, 57.8% had negative attitude against diagnostic methods of TKM and 59.1% opposed to the usage of modern medical equipments by TKM doctors. With regard to the future position of TKM, they tacitly approved that TKM would be absorbed into the complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) and importance of TKM objectification, followed by Government's support. Conclusions : Medical school students neither affirm nor deny TKM as a whole but the state of awareness for each item was similar to the physician. In terms of TKM its internal and external innovation would be required to continuously establish objectification of TKM prescription and scientific research on treatment technology.

• 대한방사선치료학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.57-65
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• 2009

목 적: 인구분포에 따른 방사선 장비 및 방사선 종사자에 관한 고찰을 통하여 방사선사의 수요와 공급의 관리를 체계화하고 교육기관의 지역분포의 형평성, 그리고 더 나아가 합리적인 의료수가 산정과 의료의 적정유지 방안모색의 기초자료를 제공하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 연구대상은 2008년 "구"가 없는 5개 "시" A, B, C, D, E를 선정 인구수, 병 의원수, 방사선 장치의 수, "방사선 전문의" 수, "방사선사" 수를 조사하였고, 이들 상호관계를 비교분석하였다. 결 과: "방사선사" 제도가 생긴 이래 2008년까지 전체 "방사선사" 수는 27,317명이었고 현재 종사자는 약 18,000명으로 나타났으며 대학 내 방사선학과 개설은 총 39개교로 입학정원 2,120명(1개교 제외)이었다. 방사선 장치는 2.6대당 "방사선사" 1명으로 나타났다. 결 론: "방사선사"는 마땅한 일자리가 없는데 일부 병 의원에서는 "방사선사"의 구인난을 초래하여 인력부족의 이중현상이 발생되고 있다. 이것은 지역별 임금체계 및 복지여건의 불합리, 병 의원의 이익중심의 인력 고용 시스템을 추종하는 현실이 문제인 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 방사선학과의 증원 증과는 고학력자의 과잉생산과 정부정책의 고용창출과 상반되는 현상으로 비효율적인 정책 및 제도 개선이 적극 필요한 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.45-55
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• 2015

While the influence of healthcare accreditation system to the quality improvement of hospitals has more increased, regarding the preparation costs for healthcare accreditation, it has never been empirically studied about the costs that are actually invested by hospitals. This study is going to determine the difficulties in the preparation process of accreditation and details of accreditation preparation costs for hospitals that participated in the healthcare accreditation system and acquired accreditation. The survey was performed in a self-reported form from February 28 to March 21 2014 for 189 acute hospitals accredited as a hospital from 2011 to February 2014. Of all questionaries of survey participants, 98 were recovered; the response rate was 51.9%. A total of 40 questionnaires were used except for 58 containing insincere answers. Main findings are followings: Firstly, findings showed that advanced general hospitals spent the most statistically significantly highest in terms of equipments and total costs among cost items for accreditation preparation. When accreditation preparation costs items were classified according to classification of hospitals, advanced general hospitals spent the most statistically significantly highest in the equipments and total costs. Also in terms of regional, Gyeonggi, Incheon regions were found to spend statistically significantly higher costs in the equipments costs. Secondly, as a result of the survey in the distribution of the total accreditation preparation costs, advanced general hospitals have disbursed the most out of all. However, the result in hospitals does not show significant difference to the expense of advanced general hospitals and that especially other regional hospitals spent higher costs. As such, all hospitals are under a heavy burden of higher costs on accreditation preparation, especially hospitals. The build-up of infrastructures by hospitals through an accreditation system consequently led to a higher initial investment; if the accreditation system is effective in improving the quality of health care and patient safety, appropriate responses are needed. In other words, financial support for investment costs needs to be given to allow hospitals to actively participate in the accreditation system.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.21-28
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• 2006

유방촬영에 사용되고 있는 장치의 특징과 유방촬영조건에 대하여 서울과 경기 일원에 있는 병 의원 64곳에 대한 설문조사와 유방촬영실의 조건에 따른 공간산란선량 및 방사선사나 환자의 피폭선량에 대한 실험을 통해, 환자 촬영건수와 방사선 작업종사자의 피폭선량에 대하여 비교한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 선행 연구(이인자 등: 2000)와 비교하여 유방촬영용 장치의 성능에 비해 현재 시용되고 있는 장치의 성능이 향상되었으며, Screen/Film System 63%에 비해 DR system 28%로 DR system이 증가되고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 2. 환자의 촬영건수가 선행 연구(이인자 등: 2000)와 비교하여 급격히 증가됨을 알 수 있었다. 3. 유방촬영실의 공간산란선량이 이동형 촬영 장치에 비해 2.0배 이상 큼을 알 수 있었다. 4. 유방촬영용장치의 촬영 mode에 따라서 환자가 받는 피폭선량이 4.7배까지 차이가 생겼다. 4. 유방촬영실의 높은 공간산란선량이 환자 및 방사선 작업종사자의 피폭선량에 영향을 미치므로 주의를 기울여야 할 것으로 사료된다. 5. 유방촬영 검사 건수의 증가와 촬영실 공간이 일반 X선 촬영실에 비하여 좁은 경우에 방사선사의 피폭선량이 증가되므로 대책이 필요하다.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.617-625
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• 2010

Objectives : The research which sees collected information about dentistry infection management recognition of the patients and the infection management which the medical treatment consumer does in necessity is what, grasped and satisfaction and became the fundamental data which makes the hospital will be able to trust about dentistry image rise and dentistry environment of the medical treatment consumer who assists a dentistry character executed. Methods : From 2009 April 1st until May 28th 233 people common people who have the experience which visits a Gyeongsangnam-do area dentistry the object with the entry question law which sleeps did and the data analysis SPSS, 12.0 For Window under using produced each question item by frequency and a ratio, the analytical degree of infection management One - Way ANOVA stamps and executed t-test. Results : Information experience experienced about dentistry infection of the investigation object person to be, appeared with 74.7% and the after that dentistry assistance at the time of conduct change which experiences the answer back regarding of Former times attentively observes organization disinfecting' was most with 46.6%. The protective equipments wearing goal of the dentistry medical attendance appeared the dentistry medical attendance and patient protection 77.7%, dentistry medical attendance protection 12.9%, by patient protection 9.4% order. Before medical treatment starting of the dentistry medical attendance the hand Does not confirm' appeared 72.1%, with. The hand washing, is whole and the degree which appears is high with 4.11 points the stamp. Is high there was a possibility of knowing the thing about the recording infection where the educational background will be high and considers statistically the difference which was visible Conclusions : The education which is active and continuous is necessary about infection management and sets the guides which are standardized to the patients and about infection management and about infection prevention and exposes from dentistry practices well to emboss the thing is thought that there is a necessity to plant a trust feeling about the dentistry where the patients assist.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제72권2호
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• pp.212-217
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• 2012

Massive hemoptysis is a life-threatening condition and sometimes leads to death due to airway obstruction rather than exsanguinations. In a critical hemoptysis, endotracheal intubation may be necessary to maintain adequate gas exchange and protect the unaffected side of the lung. Bronchial blockers (BBs), commonly used technique for one-lung ventilation in thoracic or cardiac surgeries, are valuable devices for protecting the airway in massive endobronchial bleeding. We report three cases intubated with BBs, Univent$^{(R)}$, in massive hemoptysis. We suggest that BBs are one of the indispensable equipments for respiratory specialized wards and intensive care units.