• Clinical Endoscopy
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• v.56 no.5
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• pp.604-612
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• 2023

Background/Aims: We developed a new endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) simulator and evaluated its efficacy and realism for use training endoscopists. Methods: An ESD simulator was constructed using polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel sheets and compared to a previous ESD simulator. Between March 1, 2020, and December 30, 2021, eight expert endoscopists from three different centers analyzed the procedure-related factors of the simulator. Five trainees performed gastric ESD exercises under the guidance of these experts. Results: Although the two ESD simulators provided overall favorable outcomes in terms of ESD-related factors, the new simulator had several benefits, including better marking of the target lesion's limits (p<0.001) and overall handling (p<0.001). Trainees tested the usefulness of the new ESD simulator. The complete resection rate improved after 3 ESD training sessions (9 procedures), and the perforation rate decreased after 4 sessions (12 procedures). Conclusions: We have developed a new ESD simulator that can help beginners achieve a high level of technical experience before performing real-time ESD procedures in patients.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.109-114
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• 2015

In this study, joint angles of the lower extremity and tibial acceleration and angular velocity were measured during a snowboard simulator exercises in order to evaluate the skill of snowboarders. Ten unskilled and ten expert snowboarders were recruited for the study. A three-dimensional motion capture system and two inertial sensor modules were used to acquire joint movements, acceleration and angular velocity of the lower extremities during snowboard simulator exercises. Pattern variations were calculated to assess variations in the snowboard simulator motion of unskilled and expert snowboarders. Results showed that expert snowboarders showed greater range of motion in joint angles and greater peak to peak amplitude in acceleration and angular velocity for tibia than unskilled snowboarders. The unskilled snowboarders did not show symmetrical shape(same magnitude but opposite direction) in tibial angular velocity during two edge turns in snowboard simulator exercises. The expert snowboarders showed smaller pattern variations for joint angle of lower extremity, tibial acceleration and tibial angular velocity than unskilled snowboarders. Inertial sensor data and pattern variations during the snowboard simulator exercises could be useful to evaluate the skill of snowboarders.

• Clinical Endoscopy
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2023

The apprenticeship-based training method (ABTM) is highly effective for gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopic training. However, the conventional ABTM has significant issues. Although many supplementary training methods (TMs) have been developed and utilized, they cannot entirely replace the ABTM, which remains the major TM strategy. Currently, new TM construction is crucial and necessary due to financial constraints, difficulty of obtaining sufficient training time due to patient safety-related regulations, and catastrophic damage caused by disasters such as the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. The simulator-based TM (SBTM) is widely accepted as an alternative to the ABTM, owing to the SBTM's advantages. Since the 1960s, many GI endoscopy training simulators have been developed and numerous studies have been published on their effectiveness. While previous studies have focused on the simulator's validity, this review focused on the accessibility of simulators that were introduced by the end of 2021. Although the current SBTM is effective in GI endoscopic education, extensive improvements are needed to replace the ABTM. Incorporating simulator-incorporated TMs into an improved ABTM is an attempt to overcome the incompleteness of the current SBTM. Until a new simulator is developed to replace the ABTM, it is desirable to operate a simulator-integrated and well-coordinated TM that is suitable for each country and institution.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.154-164
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• 2020

Various simulator systems for surgery training have been developed and recently become more widely utilized with technology advancement and change in medical education adopting actively simulation-based training. The authors have developed tissue-instrument interaction modeling and graphical simulation algorithms for an arthroscopic surgery training simulator system. In this paper, we propose algorithms for basic surgical techniques, such as cutting, shaving, drilling, grasping, suturing and knot tying for rotator cuff surgery. The proposed method constructs a virtual 3-dimensional model from actual patient data and implements a real-time deformation of the surgical object model through interaction between ten types of arthroscopic surgical tools and a surgical object model. The implementation is based on the Simulation Open Framework Architecture (SOFA, Inria Foundation, France) and custom algorithms were implemented as pulg-in codes. Qualitative review of the developed results by physicians showed both feasibility and limitations of the system for actual use in surgery training.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.40-45
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• 2013

The conventional simulators used the expensive commercial artificial heart with a limited performance, and focused on replicating the heart function. The arterial pressure is the key factor of the cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this study is to develop a simulator focused on the pressure wave. The simulator is composed of a step motor, slider-crank mechanism, piston-cylinder, two check valves, a elastic tube, and two reservoirs. With the changes of design parameters, the functions of the simulator were evaluated. The simulator shows the good agreement of the characteristics of the cardiovascular system.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.111-115
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• 2017

Blood pressure is one of the important vital signs for monitoring the medical condition of a patient. Automated NIBP(non-invasive blood pressure) monitoring devices calculate systolic and diastolic blood pressures from the oscillation in cuff pressure caused by a pulsation of an artery. To validate the NIBP devices, we developed a simulator to supply the oscillometric waveforms obtained from human subjects. The simulator provided pressure pulses to device-under-test and device readings were compared to the auscultatory references. Fully automated simulation system including OCR(optical character recognition) were developed and used for NIBP monitoring devices. The validation results using the simulator agreed well with previous clinical validation. More validation studies using the standardized oscillometric waveforms would be required for the replacement of clinical trials to validate a new automated NIBP monitoring device.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2011

Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the controversial issues about objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) of pulse diagnosis and investigate the objectification of traditional Korean medicine and technical feasibility of pulse simulation through the suggestion of a pulse simulator. Methods: The concept, validity and reliability of OSCE and the current situation of medical simulation was described. The actual level and problems on the simulator development was presented through haptics and tactile technology in order to compose a pulse simulator for OSCE. Results: The pulse wave system of a pulse simulator should materialize through haptic technology and the classification of the differences between tactile sensation and tactile quality is essential for the development of the relevant pulse simulator for OSCE in traditional Korean medicine. Conclusions: The introduction and controversial issues of OSCE and methodology of pulse wave reappearance system are proposed for the objectification of Traditional Korean Medicine and the development of clinical technology.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2004.11c
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• pp.456-458
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• 2004

Recent medical robot systems perform surgery operations, by following the preplanned trajectory and surgical procedures. Depending on the complexity of surgery operations, they are operated in manual, semi-automatic or full automatic mode. To improve the performance of those medical robot systems, development of the simulator and more advanced auto-illumination system, in which intensity of light, direction and focal point can be controlled automatically according to the varied environments during surgical operations. are required. Therefore, in this paper, the simulator for SPINEBOT system which is a computer-intergrated robotic surgery system are developed. And further, an auto-illumination system which will be integrated to the SPINEBOT system is investigated and its preliminary design is described.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.136-146
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• 2022

In this study, it is intended to provide basic data that can help develop a cardiovascular simulator for performance evaluation of pulse wave detectors by identifying the development status of domestic and overseas cardiovascular simulators. A total of 119 papers were selected by excluding duplicate literature, gray literature, and literature not related to a cardiovascular simulator. Based on the selected literature, the research trend of cardiovascular simulators was analyzed. As a result of analyzing the purpose of the study, most of the simulators were developed to evaluate the hemodynamic properties of artificial hearts and valves. In addition, it was used for simulation evaluation or hemodynamic studies such as pulse wave studies. As a result of analyzing configurations of the simulators, a heart most often consisted of only one left ventricle. For blood vessels, the Windkessel model was most often constructed using chambers and valves. In most studies, blood was reproduced by mixing glycerin and water to reproduce both density and viscosity. In addition, as a result of analysis from the perspective of medical device performance evaluation, simulators for evaluating artificial heart and artificial valves have been studied a lot, whereas simulators for blood pressure, pulse wave, and blood flow devices have been relatively insignificant. Based on the review results, we suggested considerations when developing a simulator for performance evaluations of a pulse wave detector.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.41-47
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• 2013

Purpose: To evaluate the usefulness of Integrated PET/CT and compare the gloss tumor volume (GTV) identified on CT, PET, PET/CT to that obtained from fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG). Materials and Methods: This experimental study was obtained using GE Discovery 690 (General Electric Healthcare, Milwaukee, MI, USA) PET/CT simulator with Gammex Laser System for five non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. In order to increase the reproducibility of the patient setup, We have to fixed to patients using the Extended Wing Board. GTV delineation was painted using the EclipseTM ver.10 contouring program for CT, PET, PET/CT images. And then, We were to compare the changes in the GTV. Results: These results are drawn from 5 patients who have atelectasis or pneumonitis. Compared to CT defined GTV, PET was decreased by 10.5%, 11.8% and increased by 67.9%, 220%, 19.4%. PET/CT was decreased by 7.7%, 6.7%, 28% and increased by 232%, 24%. Conclusion: We were able to determine the usefulness of PET/CT simulator for NSCLC. PET/CT simulator in radiation therapy is useful to define the target volume and It is possible to delineate Objective and accurate target volume. It seems to be applicable to other areas in the near future.