• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.23-28
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• 2005

Background: An epidural steroid injection (ESI) is usually used for the treatment of low back pain with radiculopathy. An ESI can be performed by two procedures: I) a lumbar or caudal epidural steroid injection and II) a transforaminal epidural steroid injection. Methods: Ninety-three patients, who had undergone transforaminal epidural steroid injection (Group II), and either a lumbar or caudal epidural steroid injection (Group I), were retrospectively studied. The authors assessed the pain, walking, standing improvement and side effects after each procedure, which were evaluated as being very good, good, fair or poor. Data were collected from the patients medical records and analyzed using the chi-squared test. P < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: There were no statistically significant differences in the pain, walking, standing improvement and side effects between the two groups. However, there was a statistically significant difference in the pain improvement following transforaminal epidural steroid injection in those not effectively responding to an initial lumbar or caudal epidural block in Group II. Conclusions: A transforaminal epidural steroid injection is a useful alternative to a lumbar or caudal epidural steroid injection for low back pain with radiculopathy.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.171-174
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• 2010

The anti-tumorigenic effects of Toxoplasma gondii (RH) antigens were studied in a murine sarcoma-180 tumor model. To determine the anti-tumor effects, the reduction in tumor size and expression of CD31 (an angiogenesis marker in the tumor tissue) were examined after injection of BALB/c mice with T. gondii lysate antigen (TLA) or formalin-fixed, proliferation-inhibited, T. gondii tachyzoites. Tumors were successfully produced by an intradermal injection of sarcoma-180 cells with plain Matrigel in the mid-backs of mice. After injection with TLA or formalin-fixed T. gondii tachyzoites, the increase in tumor size and weight nearly stopped while tumor growth continued in control mice that were injected with PBS. CD31 expression in TLA-treated or formalin-fixed T. gondii-injected mice was lower than the control mice. Accordingly, the present study shows that the treatment of mice with formalin-fixed T. gondii or TLA in the murine sarcoma-180 tumor model results in a decrease of both tumor size and CD31 expression.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.152-156
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• 1991

경부 신경근병이 의심되는 31예의 환자에 경막외강 스테로이드 주입으로 치료하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1) 총 31예중 10예에서는 1회만을 주입하였다. 2) 최소한 1주일 간격으로 2회이상 주입한 21예중 15예에서 증상의 호전을 보였고 6예에서는 효과가 없었다. 3) 총 88회 주업중 2회의 지주막 천자외에는 합병증이 없었다. 이상의 결과로 보아 cervical radiculopathy가 의심되는 환자는 수술적 치료를 적용하기 전에 다른 종류의 대중적 치료와 더불어 경막외 스테로이드률 주입하는 것이 안전하고 효과적인 것으로 사료된다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.13-22
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• 1987

Effects of synthetic atrial natriuretic peptide and furosemide on the cardiovascular and renal functions were examined in the freshwater turtle, Amyda japonica. Both atria and ventricle of turtle contained an immunoreactive atrial natriuretic peptide. Synthetic rat atrial natriuretic peptide (atriopeptin III) and turtle atrial extract caused a decrease in mean arterial blood pressure and the vasodepressor effect was dose-dependent. In hydrated turtles received either atriopeptin III or turtle atrial extract, no significant change in renal function was observed until 100 min except a slight natriuresis at 60 or 100 min after injection of 30 ug/kg atriopeptin III or atrial extract, respectively. However, furosemide, 2 mg/kg, caused marked diuresis, natriuresis and kaliuresis. In non-hydrated turtles, no significant change in renal function was observed until 6 hrs following injection of 30 ug/kg atriopeptin III. Plasma aldosterone decreased at 2 hr and increased at 24 hr after injection of atriopeptin III although plasma renin concentration did not change. But, furosemide caused persistent diuresis, natriuresis and kaliuresis. Additionally, plasma aldosterone and renin concentrations were significantly increased at 24 hrs after injection of furosemide. In conclusion, we suggest that the freshwater turtle may have an atrial natriuretic peptide in heart and vascular receptors for atrial natriuretic peptide, and that atrial natriuretic peptide is more important in the regulation of blood pressure rather than that of renal function in freshwater turtles. We also suggest that an increased plasma renin concentration caused by furosemide may not be due to the sodium concentration delivered to macula densa, but due to the dehydration caused by persistent diuresis and natriuresis.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제50권5호
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• pp.420-425
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• 2011

Objective : Excitatory amino acids play important roles in the development of secondary pathology following spinal cord injury (SCI). This study was designed to evaluate morphological changes in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord and assess profiles of pain behaviors following intraspinal injection of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) or quisqualate (QUIS) in rats. Methods : Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into three groups : a sham, and two experimental groups receiving injections of 125 mM NMDA or QUIS into their spinal dorsal horn. Following injection, hypersensitivity to cold and mechanical stimuli, and excessive grooming behaviors were assessed serially for four weeks. At the end of survival periods, morphological changes in the spinal cord were evaluated. Results : Cold allodynia was developed in both the NMDA and QUIS groups, which was significantly higher in the QUIS group than in the NMDA group. The mechanical threshold for the ipsilateral hind paw in both QUIS and NMDA groups was significantly lower than that in the control group. The number of groomers was significantly higher in the NMDA group than in the QUIS group. The size of the neck region of the spinal dorsal horn, but not the superficial layer, was significantly smaller in the NMDA and QUIS groups than in the control group. Conclusion : Intraspinal injection of NMDA or QUIS can be used as an excitotoxic model of SCI for further research on spinal neuropathic pain.

• Neonatal Medicine
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.353-358
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• 2011

목적: 건강한 신생아를 대상으로 B형 간염 예방접종 시 25% 경구 포도당과 인공젖꼭지의 진통효과를 알아보고자 전향적 부분적 무작위 임상실험을 시행하였다. 방법: 132명의 신생아를 대상으로, 출생 6시간 이후 B형 간염 예방접종을 근육 내 주사하여 비약물적 통증조절 방법을 비교하였다. 4가지 번호가 담긴 성별에 따라 구분된 상자를 통해 무작위 추첨으로 각 실험군을 정하였고, 주사 투여 2분 전에 증류수를 먹인 군을 대조군으로 25% 경구 포도당을 먹인 군(포도당 처치군), 주사 투여 전 2분 동안 인공젖꼭지만 물린 군(인공젖꼭지 처치군) 및 25% 경구 포도당을 인공젖꼭지에 묻혀 물린 군(포도당+인공젖꼭지 처치군)으로 총 4개의 군으로 구분하여 진행되었다. 모든 군에서 접종 전, 접종 시, 회복 시의 Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS), Neonatal Facial Coding System (NFCS), Premature Infant Pain Profile (PIPP) 점수를 구하여 비교하였다. 결과: 산모와 대상아의 임상적 특징은 4개의 군 사이에 차이가 없었고, 대조군과 비교하여 포도당 처치군에서 NIPS 점수상 접종 시(6.4${\pm}$0.9 vs. 5.5${\pm}$1.7, P=0.01)와 회복 시(1.6${\pm}$2.0 vs. 0.6${\pm}$0.9, P=0.01), NFCS 점수상 회복 시(1.5${\pm}$2.3 vs. 0.7${\pm}$0.8, P=0.04)에 통증점수가 유의하게 낮음을 확인하였다. 또한 각 통증평가 점수상 통증이 있는 것으로 판단되는 대상(NIPS점수${\geq}$ 4점, NFCS점수${\geq}$3점)의 숫자가 의미 있게 감소하였다(9명 (23.1%) vs. 0명(0%), P=0.04 via NIPS, 7명(17.9%) vs. 0명(0%), P=0.02 via NFCS). 반면 모든 군 사이 PIPP 점수 혹은 중등도 혹은 심한 통증 PIPP 점수 대상수(PIPP점수${\geq}$7점)의 비교에서는 통계상 의미가 없었다. 그러나 대조군과 비교하여 인공젖꼭지 처치군에서 오히려 NIPS와 NFCS 점수가 각각 회복 시 통계상 유의하게 증가하였고(1.6${\pm}$2.0 vs. 2.7${\pm}$2.6, P=0.003 via NIPS, 1.5${\pm}$2.3 vs. 2.9${\pm}$2.6, P=0.023 via NFCS), 포도당+인공젖꼭지 처치군에서는 통계상 유의하지 않았다. 결론: 25% 경구 포도당을 이용한 통증조절은 효과가 있어 보이나 인공젖꼭지 혹은 25% 포도당을 묻힌 인공젖꼭지의 경우에는 효과가 없었다. 저자들은 본 연구 결과를 바탕으로 향후 신생아의 비약물적 통증조절에 대한 추가적 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각한다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.303-318
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• 1998

Cutaneous stimulation and distraction are independent nursing interventions used in various painful conditions, which is explained by gate control theory. This study was aimed at identifying the effect of cutaneous stimulation, distraction and combination of cutaneous stimulation and distraction on the reduction of intravenous injection pain levels of chemotherapy patients. Repeated measurement post test research design was used for one group. Fifty-three cancer patients who received intravenous chemotherapy regulary in outpatient injection rooms of D medical center and Y medical center in Taegu were studied from June 23, 1997 to July 12, 1997. First the intravenous injection pain level of the control period was measured. Second, the intravenous injection pain level of the experimental period using cutaneous stimulation was measured. Third, the intravenous injection pain level of the experimental period using distraction was messured. Fourth, the intravenous injection pain level of the experimental period using a combination of cutaneous stimulation and distraction was measured. The instruments used for this study were a visual analogue pain scale as subjective pain measurement and an objective pain behavior checklist. Analysis of data was done by use of repeated measure ANOVA, bonferni, t-test, and F-test. The results of this study were summerized as follows : 1) The first hypothesis that the subjective pain score of intraveneous injection pain in the experimental period with cutaneous stimulation will be lower than in the control period was rejected. 2) The second hypothesis that the objective pain behavior score of intravenous injection pain in the experimental period with cutaneous stimulation will be lower than in the control period was accepted(F=24.23, p=0.0001, Bornferni p<.05). 3) The third hypothesis that the subjective pain score of intraveneous injection pain in the experimental period with distraction will be lower than in the control period was rejected. 4) The fourth hypothesis that the objective pain score of intravenous injection pain in the experimental period with distraction will be lower than in the control period was accepted(F=24.23, p=0.0001, Bornferni p<.05). 5) The fifth hypothesis that the subjective pain score of intravenous injection pain in the experimental period with combination of cutaneous stimulation and distraction will be lower than in the control period was accepted(F=3.04, p=0.031, Bonferni p<.05). 6) The sixth hypothesis that the objective pain score of intravenous injection pain in the experimental period with combination of cutaneous stimulation and distraction will be lower than in the control period was accepted(F=24.23, p=0.0001, Bonferni p<.05).

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.137-142
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• 2005

Objective : This study was designed to report the clinical effect of Rectal Injection therapy on chronic prostatitis. Methods : We analyzed 20 manuscripts contributed to the Chinese medical journals from 1999 to 2003 that presenting report of Rectal Injection therapy on chronic prostatitis. Results : The results are summarized as follows 1. Operation of rectal injection therapy was treated 2~3 times and one course take time 5~30 days. 2. During therapy, average amount of fluid is 100~150 ml and it takes 1~2 hours. 3. Using medication was 'chung-yol' medicine, 'hwal-hyul-gu-er' medicine, 'bo-yik' medicine, 'lee-soo-sam-sup' medicine. Conclusion : We conclusion that Rectal Injection therapy was clinical effect on chronic prostatitis.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.414-419
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• 1999

실리콘 액은 미용 및 성형수술에 널리 사용되어지고 실리콘에 의한 불법적인 의료행위가 증가함에 따라 국소적 부작용 뿐만 아니라 폐 색전증에 의한 급성 호흡곤란 증후군등의 치명적인 폐침범의 부작용을 일으킨다는 보고가 있으나 국내보고는 아직 없었다. 본 증례에서는 건강한 39세 젊은 여자 환자가 질벽에 실리콘액을 주사한 후에 발생한 폐 색전증을 동반한 급성 호흡곤란 증후군 1예을 경험하였기에 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.190-199
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• 2022

Ultrasound-guided injection is useful for managing thoracic spine and chest wall pain. With ultrasound, pain physicians perform the injection with real-time viewing of major structures, such as the pleura, vasculature, and nerves. Therefore, the ultrasound-guided injection procedure not only prevents procedure-related adverse events but also increases the accuracy of the procedure. Here, ultrasound-guided interventions that could be applied for thoracic spine and chest wall pain were described. We presented ultrasound-guided thoracic facet joint and costotransverse joint injections and thoracic paravertebral, intercostal nerve, erector spinae plane, and pectoralis and serratus plane blocks. The indication, anatomy, Sonoanatomy, and technique for each procedure were also described. We believe that our article is helpful for clinicians to conduct ultrasound-guided injections for controlling thoracic spine and chest wall pain precisely and safely.