• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.39-48
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• 2012

Background: This study was performed to identify what effect plyometric exercise with application of kinesio taping gives on muscle activity and power of lower limb. Methods: In order to conduct research, total 14 male students at G university located Gwangyang city were randomly assigned; 7 for experimental group (with kinesio taping application) and 7 for control groups(without kinesio taping application) were conducted with box drill, one of the plyometric exercise 5 times a week for 4 weeks. Muscle activities were measured by using electrodiagnosis equipment on quadriceps and gastrocnemius. Collected data was analyzed by using Windows SPSS version 19.0. Results: Muscle activities show statistically significant differences (p<.05) both before and after exercise in experimental and control groups in terms of vastus medialis, rectus femoris, vastus lateralis and lateral gastrocnemius. However, only medial gastrocnemius shows statistically significant differences in experimental group compared before and after exercise. Sargent jump for measuring power shows that only experimental group presents statistically significant differences (p<.05). Two groups show that vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, lateral gastrocnemius and medial gastrocnemius only in muscle activities show statistically significant differences (p<.05) after exercise. Conclusion: The result of this survey indicates that plyometric exercise is effective to improve muscle activity and power of lower limb, especially, the group who exercises with application of kinesio tape is more effective than the other group with no tape application. Therefore, it is considered that plyometric exercise with tape is more effective to improve power and muscle strength.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.17-25
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• 2010

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of supporting surface instability to trunk and lower extremity muscle activities during bridging exercise combined with core-stabilization exercise. Thirty young healthy adults (15 males and 15 females) voluntarily participated in this study. Each subject was asked to perform bridging exercise combined with core-stabilization exercise on three different supporting surfaces (stable ground surface, the wooden balancing board, and the air cushion). The muscle activities were measured using surface electromyography (EMG) during performing exercise. To test statistical significance, one-way ANOVA with repeated measures was used with the significance level of .05. The findings of this study are summarized as follows. (1) There were significant differences in muscle activities on internal oblique, external oblique, gluteus medius, semitendinosus, biceps femoris, medial gastrocnemius and lateral gastrocnemius during exercise (p<.05). (2) The biceps femoris and lateral gastrocnemius showed significantly higher muscle activity on the wooden balancing board rather than on the ground, and semitendinosus, biceps femoris, medial gastrocnemius and lateral gastrocnemius showed significantly higher muscle activity on the air cushion rather than on the ground (p<.05). Therefore, it is concluded that muscle activities in the trunk and the lower limbs during bridging exercise combined with core-stabilization exercise was affected with instability of supporting surface. Further researches are needed to investigate the long term effect of bridging exercise on muscle activity with patient group.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.593-600
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• 2023

Background Soft tissue reconstruction around the knee area is still an open question, particularly in persistent infections and multiple reoperations scenario. Flap coverage should guarantee jointmobility and protection, even when foreign materials are implanted. The chimeric harvesting of the musculocutaneous gastrocnemius flap, based on the sural artery perforators, can extend its applicability in soft tissue reconstruction of the upper leg, overcoming the drawbacks of the alternative pedicled flaps. Methods A multicenter retrospective study was conducted enrolling patients who underwent to a pedicled, chimeric gastrocnemius musculocutaneous-medial sural artery perforator (GM-MSAP) or lateral sural artery perforator (GM-LSAP) flap for knee coverage in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) recurrent infections and oncological or traumatic defects of the upper leg from 2018 to 2021. Outcomes evaluated were the successful soft tissue reconstruction and flap complications. Surgical timing, reconstruction planning, technique, and rehabilitation protocols were discussed. Results Twenty-one patients were included in the study. Nineteen GM-MSAPs and 2 GM-LSAPs were performed (soft tissue reconstruction in infected TKA [12], in infected hardware [4], and in oncological patients [5]). Donor site was closed primarily in 9 cases, whereas a skin graft was required in 12. Flap wound dehiscence (1), distal flap necrosis (1), distal necrosis of the skin paddle (1), and donor site infection (1) were the encountered complications. Flap reraise associated to implant exchange or extensive debridement was successful without requiring any further flap surgery. Conclusion The propeller-perforator GM-MSAP offers qualitative defect coverage and easiness of multiple flap reraise due to skin availability and its laxity.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.47-50
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• 2011

Equinus contracture of the gastrocnemius-soleus complex is associated with many foot and ankle diseases. We introduce a new simple technique that can be performed using a minimal incision with simple devices. Briefly, 0.5 cm sized medial and lateral longitudinal skin incisions are made at the level of the distal one third of the calf. The musculotendinous junction of the gastrocnemius is gently transected using an Arachnoid blade. The skin is, then, closed with non-absorbable sutures.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2019

Purpose: In chronic stroke patients, muscle tone and stiffness increase due to ankle spasticity. Electrotherapy may control the spasticity of patients with central nerve system damage via neurophysiological mechanisms. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the immediate effects of interferential current therapy on gastrocnemius (GCM) muscle. Methods: This study was a one-group pretest-posttest design and 20 stroke patients participated. The experimental group underwent interferential current therapy for GCM for 30 minutes. Muscle tone (MT) and stiffness were assessed using MYOTONE(R) PRO. After 30 minutes of interferential current therapy, MT and stiffness of the affected side and unaffected side by GCM were measured. Results: After interferential current therapy, the medial GCM MT (Hz) was significantly reduced in stroke patients. There was a significant difference in MT between affected GCM muscles and unaffected side medial GCM muscles before intervention, but there was no significant difference after interferential current therapy. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that interferential current therapy had a positive effect, producing an immediate decrease in the medial GCM muscles tone of stroke patients. However, this study employed a one-group pretest-posttest design. Future studies will show differences in muscle tone compared to a control group or other electrical stimulation treatments.

• 재활복지공학회논문지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.331-337
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 입원 또는 재활 초기단계에 환자가 이동하지 않고 침대에 누운 상태에서 자전거 운동이 가능한 하지 재활 훈련 시스템을 개발하였으며, 정상 성인을 대상으로 침대에 누운 자세에서 다양한 조건에서의 자전거 운동 시의 하지 근 활성도를 비교 분석하고자 하였다. 피험자는 근 골격계나 신경근육계 병력이 없는 20대~60대 사이의 건강한 성인 남녀 42명을 대상으로 하였으며, 운동 모드, 부하, 속도에 따른 자전거 운동 시 오른쪽 하지의 대퇴직근, 대퇴이두근, 전경골근, 내측 비복근, 가자미근의 근 활성도를 측정하였다. 그 결과, 부하를 1과 5단계로 제공하였을 때보다 10단계로 제공하였을 때 내측 비복근의 근활성이 높아짐을 보였다. 또한, 속도가 증가할수록 내측 비복근을 제외한 모든 근육에서 근활성도가 감소하는 결과를 보였다. 즉, 운동 조건에 따라 크게 활성화되는 근육들이 각기 달랐으며, 이러한 결과는 침상에 누워 재활훈련이 가능한 자전거 시스템 개발을 위한 기초 자료로써 활용될 것이다.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.443-449
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• 2022

Purpose: This study aims to identify the differences in the muscle activity of the ankle joint muscle depending on the type of footwear (sneakers, mule sneakers, slippers) worn while walking on a slope. Methods: The subjects wore each shoe (sneakers, mule sneakers, and slippers) and walked on an 18-degree slope at a speed of 110 beats/min. While walking, the muscle activities of the tibialis anterior and medial gastrocnemius were measured. Of the three walking cycles, the second walking cycle was measured except for the first and third walking cycles, which are the beginning and end, and a three-minute break was taken to prevent muscle fatigue when the type of footwear was changed. Results: When walking on a slope, there was no significant difference in the muscle activity of the tibialis anterior according to the type of footwear. However, when walking on a slope, the difference in muscle medial gastrocnemius muscle activity was significant between sneakers and mule sneakers. There was also a significant difference between sneakers and slippers, but there was no significant difference between slippers and mule sneakers. Conclusion: There was no significant statistical difference between sneakers and mule sneakers, but there was a numerical difference. Therefore, the presence or absence of the shoe collar may affect the muscle activity of the medial gastrocnemius when walking on a slope. This can lead to patellofemoral pain syndrome caused by the excessive use of the quadriceps, so it must be considered that caution is needed.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.175-182
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• 2015

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate difference in fascicle behavior of the medial gastrocnemius during the locomotion with varying intensities, such as gait and one-legged and two-legged vertical jumping. Methods : Six subjects (3 males and 3 females; age: $27.2{\pm}1.6yrs.$, body mass: $62.8{\pm}9.8kg$, height: $169.6{\pm}8.5cm$) performed normal gait (G) at preferred speed and maximum vertical jumping with one (OJ) and two (TJ) legs. While subjects were performing the given tasks, the hip, knee and ankle joint motion and ground reaction force was monitored using a 8-infrared camera motion analysis system with two forceplates. Simultaneously, electromyography of the triceps surae muscles, and the fascicle length of the medial gastrocnemius were recorded using a real-time ultrasound imaging machine. Results : Comparing to gait, the kinematic and kinetic parameters of TJ and OJ were found to be significantly different. Along with those parameters, change in the medial gastrocnemius (MG) muscle-tendon complex (MTC) length ($50.57{\pm}6.20mm$ for TJ and $44.14{\pm}5.39mm$ for OJ) and changes in the fascicle length of the MG ($18.97{\pm}3.58mm$ for TJ and $20.31{\pm}4.59mm$ for OJ) were observed. Although the total excursion of the MTC and the MG fascicle length during the two types of jump were not significantly different, however the pattern of length changes were found to be different. For TJ, the fascicle length maintained isometric longer during the propulsive phase than OJ. Conclusion : One-legged and two-legged vertical jumping use different muscle-tendon interaction strategies.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제13권9호
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• pp.3991-3998
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• 2012

본 연구의 목적은 만성 뇌졸중 환자에서 발목관절 각도에 따른 근 수축이 내측 비복근의 근 구조에 미치는 영향에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 연구대상은 MAS(modified Ashworth scale) 2등급인 만성 뇌졸중 환자 10명을 대상으로 하였다. 근육 두께, 우모각, 근섬유속 길이, 최대 수의적 등척성 수축력(MVIC) 측정은 초음파 영상 촬영장치와 동력계로 이완 시(resting)와 최대 수의적 등척성 수축 시를 측정하였다. 측정결과, 근육 두께는 마비측이 정상측에 비해 유의하게 얇은 것으로 나타났고(p<.001), 발목이 저측굴곡 될수록 얇아짐을 알 수 있었다. MVIC에서는 이완 시보다 근육 두께가 유의하게 얇아지는 것을 알 수 있었다(p<.001). 우모각은 마비측이 정상측에 비해 유의하게 작은 것으로 나타났고(p<.001), 발목이 저측굴곡 될수록 커짐을 알 수 있었다. MVIC에는 이완 시보다 우모각이 유의하게 커짐을 알 수 있었다(p<.001). 근섬유속 길이는 마비측이 정상측보다 유의하게 짧은 것으로 나타났고(p<.001), 발목이 저측굴곡 될수록 짧아짐을 알 수 있었다. MVIC에는 이완 시보다 근섬유속 길이가 유의하게 짧아지는 것을 알 수 있었다(p<.001). 본 연구를 통해 만성 뇌졸중 환자에서 발목 각도에 따른 근 수축이 내측 비복근의 근 구조에 영향을 미치는 것을 알 수 있었다. 따라서, 만성 뇌졸중 환자의 영상구조적 특성을 평가하는 것은 임상적 진단과 치료에 매우 유용한 자료라 생각된다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.231-243
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• 1988

This study was performed to investigate the mechanism of changes in arterial blood pressure, as a typical example of somatosympathetic reflex, induced by activation of muscular afferent nerves. Cats were anesthetized with ${\alpha}-chloraloae$ (60 mg/kg, i.p.). Afferent fibers in muscle nerve were activated by various method muscle contraction, electrical stimulation of muscle nerves, intraarterial injection of some algesic substances and noxious mechanical stimulation etc-and the evoked changes in arterial blood pressure were monitored. The effects of intravenous or direct spinal administration of morphine on the changes in arterial blood pressure induced by activation of the muscle afferent fibers were observed and also the effects of spinal lesions made in the $L1{\sim}L3$ spinal cord on them were studied to identify the ascending spinal pathways of the somatosympathetic reflexes. Followings are the results obtained. 1) The stimulation of medial gastrocnemius nerve under non-paralyzed condition with C-strength, low frequency (lower than 20 Hz) stimuli elicited a depressor response and a pressor response was elicited with C-strength, high frequency stimuli, of which the maximal response was observed at 100 Hz stimulation. 2) When the animal was paralyzed, depressor response to stimulation of the medial gastrocnemius nerve was observed with C-strength, $0.5{\sim}5Hz$ stimuli although the amplitude of the depressor response was decreased. The maximal pressor response was observed during stimulation with C-strength, $20{\sim}100Hz$ stimuli. 3) Intraarterial injection of some algesic substances induced marked pressor responses while noxious mechanical stimulation of the medial gastrocnemius muscle was not enough to elicit any significant changes (larger than 10 mmHg) in arterial blood pressure. 4) Systemically administered morphine (2 mg/kg) lowered the arterial blood pressure immediately and persistently and it was reversed by administration of naloxone. Direct spinally administered morphine did not elicit any changes. 5) The pressor response elicited by the activation of muscle afferent nerves was strengthened by systemic morphine administration while the depressor response tended to decrease. 6) Morphine administered on the spinal cord directly, decreased pressor response but did not change depressor response. From the above results it is concluded that there are separate groups of afferent nerves in the medial gastrocnemius nerve, which elicit pressor and depressor responses and the spinal ascending pathways of them are also separated from each other.