• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.537-545
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• 2007

The heavy metal removal capacity of filamentous green alga Cladophora sp. cultured together with wet-mixed solidified soil (loess) was tested. A Cladophora sp. was cultured for 5d, with added Chu No. 10 medium, in stream water contaminated by high concentration of heavy metals from a closed mine effluent. Heavy metal ion concentrations of the medium and in algal tissue were measured every day during the experiment. Dissolved metals (Al, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn) in medium were rapidly removed (over 90% elimination) within 1-2d when alga and loess were added. Dissolved heavy metals dropped by only 10% when algae were cultured without loess. The Cladophora sp. accumulated much more heavy metals when cultured with loess than when the alga was cultured alone. Cladophora sp. exhibited a maximum uptake capacity for Al ($17,000{\mu}g^{-1}$ algal dry weight). The metal bioremoval capacities of the algae were in the order Al, Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn and Cd. The heavy metal removal capacity of Cladophora sp. showed significant increases when wet-mixed solidified soil was added to culture media.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2007.04a
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• pp.289-291
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• 2007

The Digital Multimedia Broadcasting(DMB) system is developed to offer high quality audio-visual multimedia contents to the uses by the various portable terminals in the mobile environment. Integrated complex reception platform is required to receive multimedia broadcasting services transmitted from various transmission media. In this paper, we present the design and implementation technic for providing the both of terrestrial and satellite DMB services simultaneously using the same hardware platform. The implemented complex receiving terminal to accommodate these DMB services simultaneously need composed of it RF module. it baseband module, it complex control module and the complex de-multiplexer module. The complex control module is designed using uClinux operating system. The complex de-multiplexer, which perform the functions of the address decoder and each DMB stream de-multiplexer, is implemented. with FPGA device. The implemented platform is tested in a real environment and its performance is satisfied with required performance criteria.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.8B no.3
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• pp.261-268
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• 2001

연속형 미디어는 대용량이고 실시간으로 전송되어야 하므로 전송에 요구되는 네트워크 자원에 부하를 준다. 일반적으로 프락시는 자주 참조되는 객체를 캐슁하여 서버로의 네트워크 전송 대역폭을 줄이기 위한 기법으로 사용되고 있으나 기존의 연구들이 이미지나 텍스트 등의 비 실 시간성 객체 지향적으로 설계되어 실 시간성 객체의 서비스에는 적합하지 않다. 그러므로 본 논문에서는 패칭기법[10]을 사용한 프락시 관리 기법을 사용하여 연속형 스트림 서비스를 하는 스트림 서비스 기법을 제안한다. 제안한 기법에서는 프락시에 캐슁된 데이터의 양에 따라 스트림 전송 방식을 달리한다. 첫째, 요청된 객체 전체가 캐슁되어 있을 경우 프락시 만으로 서비스한다. 둘째, 요청된 객체가 전혀 캐슁되어 있지 않을 경우 후행 스트림들이 서버로부터 객체를 전송할 때 발생하는 초기 지연을 상쇄할 만큼의 데이터를 선반입한다. 셋째, 일부분만이 캐슁된 경우에는 해당 객체를 요청하는 스트림 사이에 존재하는 양만큼의 데이터를 프락시에 패칭하며 이 경우에는 사용자 노드는 두 개의 채널을 열어 하나는 프락시에 패칭된 데이터를 읽는데 사용하며 또 하나의 채널로는 서버로부터 나머지 부분을 읽어오는데 사용한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.107-111
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• 2004

본 논문에서는 PC 기반 지상파 DMB(Terrestrial Digital Multimedia Broadcasting, T-DMB) 수신기를 위한 오류에 견고한 SW 구현에 대해 설명한다. 이 수신기는 PC 외부에 T-DMB 신호를 안테나로 수신하여 복조하고 채널 복호하는 프론트 엔드(front-end) 수신 모듈을 이용, USB를 통하여 RS(Reed-Solomon) 부호화된 MPEG-2 TS(Transport Stream) 데이터를 읽어 들여 RS 복호, TS 역다중화, 비디오 보호, 오디오 복호 등의 SW 처리 과정을 거쳐 디스플레이 상에 수신 내용을 표시하게 된다. 수신기가 실용적으로 동작하기 위해서는, 수신된 비트스트림이 예상하지 못한 형태일 때도 오동작하거나 멈춰 서지 않아야 한다. 수신된 비트스트림에는 채널 비트 오류로 인해 훼손된 부분이 있을 수 있으며, 송출 시에 잘못 제작된 비트스트림도 있을 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 우선 RS 복호를 수행하여 정정 가능한 범위까지 오류를 정정하고, 검출되었으나 정정하지 못한 오류 또는 비트스트림 제작 시의 오류로 인한 비트스트림 구문 오류를 검출하여 오류 처리를 수행하며, 이로 인한 화질 손상을 숨기기 위해 프리즈 프레임(freeze-frame)을 수행하도록 하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.187-190
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• 2006

In this paper, we describe a new 1/4 rate robust modulation techniques for Enhanced-x VSB system which is fully backward compatible with ATSC 8-VSB standard. 1/4 rate mode Enhanced-xVSB system provides broadcasters with a wide choice of trade-offs of data rate vs amount of robustness of enhanced data for pedestrian/mobile services. Lab test results of proposed Enhanced-xVSB 1/4 rate mode robust stream are a significantly improved multipath as well as AWGN reception performance for Enhanced-xVSB receiver. We suggest an Enhanced-xVSB terrestrial broadcasting system for ATSC HDTV and pedestrian/portable TV simultaneous broadcasting service providing.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.159-165
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• 2014

Vegetative Filter Strip (VFS) is one of effective Best Management Practices (BMPs) to prevent sediment-laden water problem, is installed at the edge of source area such agricultural area so that sediment occurred in source area is trapped by VFS before it flow into stream or river. Appropriate scale of it needs to be simulated before it is installed, considering various field conditions. In this study, a model using VFSMOD-w model and Genetic Algorithm to determine effective VFS length was developed, it is available to calibrate input parameter related to source area sediment yield through thousands of VFSMOD-w simulations. Useful DBs, moreover, are stored in the model so that very specific input parameters can be used with reasonable values. Compared simulated values to observed data values for calibration, R2 and Nash-Stucliffe model efficiency coefficient were 0.74 and 0.65 in flow comparison, and 0.89 and 0.79 in sediment comparison. The model determined 1.0 m of Filter Length, 0.18 of Filter Slope, and 0.2 cm of Filter Media Spacing to reduce 80% of sediment by VFS. The model has not only Auto-Calibration module also DBs for specific input parameters, thus, the model is expected to be used for effective VFS scale.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.847-857
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• 2016

Broadcasting services such as multi/single channel HDTV and 3DTV/2DTV use a multi-channel encoder that changes the bitrate and composition of the video service depending on the time. However, this type of multi-channel encoder could cause a longer latency owing to the variable bitrate and relatively bigger size of the buffers, which results in the same delay as in 3DTV even for a conventional DTV service. On the other hand, systems built based on separate encoders, each of which is optimized for the target service, might not have such latency problems. Nevertheless, there might be a distortion problem in the image and sound at the time of a switchover between two encoders with different output bitrates and group of picture structures. This paper proposes a system that can realize a seamless video service conversion using two different video encoders optimized for each video service. An overall functional description of the video service change control server, which is a main control block for the proposed system, is also provided. The experiment results confirm the seamless switchover and reduced broadcasting latency of DTV services compared with a broadcasting system composed of a multi-channel encoder system.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.23 no.8
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• pp.549-555
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• 2011

For a $CO_2$ one-stage twin rotary compressor, a T-shaped suction port was used to effectively supply the suction gas stream into two individual suction chambers of the twin cylinders. Suction gas pulsations were observed in the pressure sensor signals and these were simulated by using the acoustic modeling of Helmholz resonators in parallel. The module of acoustic modeling was combined to a computer simulation program for the compressor performance. Validation of the simulation program has been carried out for a bench model compressor in a compressor calorimeter. Cooling capacity and the compressor input power were reasonably well compared between the simulation and the calorimeter test. Particularly, good agreement on P-V diagram between the simulation and the test was obtained.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.655-665
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• 2013

Hybrid digital multimedia broadcasting (DMB) is a next-generation mobile TV system that combines broadcasting and wireless communication networks and can provide various high-quality multimedia services. However, if a system adheres to the current standard of transmitting the DMB content in the form of MPEG2-TS through wireless networks, it results in a burden on the network due to low transmission efficiency. The reasons for the low transmission efficiency are as follows. First, due to its constant bitrate characteristic, DMB MPEG2-TS includes a considerable amount of needless information, such as NULL packets and stuffing bytes. Second, due to the inflexibility of the Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) standard, one cannot fully utilize the maximum transmission unit of the network when converting MPEG2-TS to RTP stream for transmission. This paper proposes a new transmission scheme that resolves these problems. Experiment results show that the proposed scheme improves data bitrate transmission efficiency by 8% to 36%, compared to the standard scheme, in the streaming of various real-DMB contents.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.17-24
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• 2017

In recent digital broadcasting, up to 250 channels are multiplexed and transmitted. The channel transmission is made in the form of MPEG-2 Transport Stream (TS) and transmits one channel (Video, Audio). In order to check if many broadcast channels are transmitted normally, in multi-channel multi-view system, ability of real-time monitoring is required. In order to monitor efficient multi-channel, a distributed system in which functions and load are distributed should be implemented. In the past, we used an inefficient system that gave all of the functionality to a piece of hardware, which limited the channel acceptance and required a lot of resources. In this paper, we implemented a distributed multi-view system which can reduce resources and monitor them economically through efficient function and load balancing. It is able to implement efficient system by taking charge of decoding, resizing and encoding function in specific server and viewer function in separate server. Through this system, the system was stabilized, the investment cost was reduced by 19.7%, and the wall monitor area was reduced by 52.6%. Experimental results show that efficient real-time channel monitoring for multi-channel digital broadcasting is possible.