• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.352-357
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• 2008

We evaluated cultivation methods to obtain pure cultures of previously uncultivated bacteria from soil. Soil bacteria (suspensions) were inoculated onto various oligotrophic media with one of the following additives: 1) soil extract; 2) anthraquinone disulfonate (humic acid analogue); 3) acyl homoserine lactones (quorum-signaling compounds); 4) catalase (for the protection of bacteria from exogenous peroxides). After the relatively long period (60 days) of incubation with elevated concentrations of $CO_2$ (5%, v/v), the media containing catalase showed the highest colony count. We purified 147 randomly selected colonies from the media and the isolates were subjected to the phylogenetic analyses of their 16S rRNA gene sequences. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that approximately 30% of the isolates might belong to novel species or novel family, suggesting that the media and incubation conditions used could be useful for the cultivation of as-yet-uncultured bacteria. Especially, bacteria belonging to the phylum Acidobacteria, ubiquitous bacterial taxon known as an uncultured bacterial group (at least difficult to culture from environmental samples), were successfully cultured in this study.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.04a
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• pp.53-53
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• 2019

Cypripediums, popularly called lady's slippers or moccasin flowers, are the showiest and most sought after hardy terrestrial orchids, collected and grown by orchid and alpine plant enthusiasts alike. In Korea, 4 species of cypripedium are reported as Cypripedium japonicum, C. macranthos, C. guttatum, and C. calceolus. We had already reported the feasibilities of C. macranthos and C. guttatum with in vitro germination methods from immature seeds. The seeds of white lady's slipper orchid (Cypripedium macranthos Sw. alba) were collected 65 days after pollination in 2018. The green pods were sterilized with flame and sowed immediately on the POM(Phytomax orchid maintenance media(R), Sigma) supplemented with BAP 0, 0.5, 1.0 mg/L and NAA 0, 1, 2mg/L. The germination of seed was observed 90 days after sowing, and the plantlets were subcultured to the same media according to the size of the protocorm with 1~2, 2~3, 3~4, 5~6, 7~8mm. The time of the subculture to the new media seems to be critical factors of forming rhizoids which is the hairy root of the cypripediums. As a results, the protorms of the white lady's slipper orchid was successfully germinated in the POM media supplemented BAP 0.5 and NAA 1.0 mg/L. The roots and rhizoids were formed in 5~6mm protocorms subculture over 95% survival ratio. We also tried to subculture to liquid medium without activated charcoal, however the browning or malformation of the roots was observed in the root. The formation of shoots from the protocorm was effectively enhanced in the POM media with non-additives of plant growth regulators. These results indicate the possibility of high and stable production and practical industrialization of endangered white lady's slipper orchids.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.1-17
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate recognition of food additives, to provide the basic data for food education of high school students. The survey was conducted from 560 students who are boys and girls of high schools in Gwangju. Data were analyzed by a SAS program. According to the survey, an usual recognition for additive food according to related variable showed that it was the highest ratio of 4.18 that policy on complete labeling of foods should be requested for additive food but it showed the lowest 2.17 that additive food is promoting quality of food. In a difference of a degree of a correct answer of knowledge for additive food and knowledge according to related variable, a degree of a correct answer of knowledge for additive food showed a lot of interest in safety in that knowledge for safety showed 79.45 but were showed much lower 7.5% for a degree of a correct answer of actual knowledge of additive food among food ingredients labels. A a degree of a demand of information, safety concerns and understanding a uses of additive food according to sex and a grade showed that in a degree of a demand of information, the students have ever heard information of additive food was the girls were more than the boys and also freshmen were the most answered and have ever heard term of additive food was the boys were more than the girls and the sophomore students were the most answered questionnaire for media of TV. Radio. Newspaper and so forth. A degree of necessity the students know additive food was the most answered of positive from the boys and freshmen. Where the students would like to learn additive food was answered of media from the boys school teacher from the girls school teacher from the freshmen, media from the sophomore and the junior.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.449-456
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• 2007

The approval of use of certain food-grade phosphates as food additives in a wide variety of meat products greatly stimulated research on the applications of phosphates in foods. Although phosphates have never been classified as antimicrobial agents, a number of investigators have reported that phosphates have antimicrobial activities. Phytic acid is a natural plant inositol hexaphosphate constituting 1-5% of most cereals, nuts, legumes, oil seeds, pollen, and spores. In this study, we investigated antibacterial activities of sodium phytate (SPT), sodium pyrophosphate (SPP), sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) on Salmonella typhimurium in tryptic soy broth and in row meat media including chicken, pork and beef. SPY, SPP and STPP at the concentrations of 0.5 and 1% dose-dependently inhibited the growth of S. typhimurium in tryptic soy broth at various pHs. The antibacterial activities of SPT and STPP were the stronger than that of SPP. In chicken, pork, and beef, SPT, SPP and STPP at the concentrations of 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0% significantly inhibited the bacterial growth in a dose-dependant manner (p < 0.05). The antibacterial activities of SPT, SPP, and STPP were more effective in chicken than beef. SPT and STPP at the concentration of 1% reduced the bacterial count by about 2 log units. The addition of SPT, SPP and STPP at the concentration of 0.5% in meats increased the meat pHs by 0.28-0.48 units in chicken, pork, and beef. These results suggest that SPT and STPP were equally effective for the inhibition of bacterial growth both in TSB and meat media and that SPT can be used as an animal food additive for increasing shelf-life and functions of meats.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.141-152
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• 2011

Cuttings based on water media are relatively low-cost and easy to manage compared to those based on soil media. Nevertheless, species that root out in water media are very few. Water-medium rooted cuttings are not widely used. In water media, the survival rate of cuttings is high, but in many cases, they only form callus while not rooting. If cuttings with callus formed in a water medium were to root and survive after being transplanted in soil, water-medium cuttings could be used as an important means of propagating landscape tree species. In this study, cuttings of Ternstroemia japonica having various reactions to water media were soaked in different types of water media. Their callus formation and rooting conditions were analyzed. The water-medium cutting swere then transplanted in soil, and conditions for their survival were examined. The study concluded: 1. Cuttings that only formed callus in water media were able to root and survive after being transplanted. 2. Cuttings with satisfactory callus formation showed more satisfactory survival conditions than those with unsatisfactory callus formation. 3. Cuttings rooted in water media showed a high survival rate of 96.6% after being transplanted. 4. Water-medium cutting of Ternstroemia japonica proved to be more effective in Late July or August than in late June. 5. Cuttings pre-treated in 50ppm-IBA for 24 hours showed better survival conditions than those that were not pre-treated inIBA. 6. Cuttings pre-treated in 50ppm-IBA for 24 hours and soaked in water media with 0.02% atonic, 0.02% polyoxin, and 0.01% polyoxin showed a rooting and survival rate of 80 to 85%. Regardless their low rooting rate, water-medium cuttings can show a high survival rate when these factors are considered: proper cutting time, plant hormone treatment, and types of water media. Accordingly, water-medium cuttings will emerge as major means of propagating landscape tree species that require small volumes of multi-species.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.24 no.4 s.79
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• pp.274-279
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• 1996

An isolate of Lepista nuda was cultivated on the solid media consisted of various cereal grains or those of the acacia sawdust mixed with other cereal grains. The mycelia grew well on the solid cultures made from millet cereals, but did not on those from sorghum or corn cereals. Thus, the millet and the acacia sawdust, as the solid media, were employed for the next experiments related to mycelial growths. For growth of this isolate, it was shown that the nitrogen source is needed for those of millet. Also, the rice bran or minerals were considered to be needed for the acacia sawdust. As minerals, however, the rice bran is shown as the best additive in the solid cultures of the acacia sawdust. The mycelia of L. nuda were cultivated directly through the solid cultures. Their growths were measured' by the production of carbon dioxide with gas chromatography.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.41-46
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• 2003

Difficulties associated with bioartificial liver (BAL) preservation limit not only the commercialization of BAL, but also its clinical trials. In this study, the possibility of cold preservation of BAL cartridges containing porcine hepatocytes was examined at 4$^{\circ}C$. In an in vitro perfusion culture System, BAL cartridges maintained cytochrome P450 metabolic function for at least 50 days. However, all BAL cartridges completely lost their ammonia eliminating ability when stored at 4$^{\circ}C$. We a1so studied the effect of cell density on the maintenance of BAL liver function In a highly differentiated and healthy state. As expected, BALs containing a larger number of hepatocytes demonstrated higher metabolic functions. When metabolic functions were compared per gram of hepatotytes, no large differences were observed between devices containing different densities of hepatocytes. Decreased cell density did not Successfully prolong BAL function. The viability and function of isolated hepatotytes highly depend on the culture conditions, such as cell density, substrata, culture media, and additives to the culture media. Perfusion culture of BAL cartridges at 4$^{\circ}C$ gave a promosing result with respect to the maintenance of P450 activity. However, as indicated by the rapid loss of ammonia metabolic activity, many factors still remain to be optimized for preservation of BAL keeping high metabolic functions for a longer time.

• Mycobiology
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.221-224
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• 2013

Aphids are one of the most destructive pests in crop production such as pepper, cucumber, and eggplants. The importance of entomopathogenic fungi as alternative pest control agents is increasing. Conidia of entomopathogenic fungi are influenced by environmental conditions, such as temperature and relative humidity, and cause slow and fluctuating mortality. These factors have prevented wider application and use of biocontrol agents. For investigation of means of mitigation of such problems, we conducted bioassays with 47 fungal culture filtrates in order to evaluate the potential of secondary metabolites produced by entomopathogenic fungi for use in aphid control. Among 47 culture filtrates cultured potato dextrose broth, filtrate of Beauveria bassiana Bb08 showed the highest mortality (78%) against green peach aphid three days after treatments. Filtrate of Bb08 cultured in Adamek's medium showed higher toxicity as 100% to third instar nymphs of the aphid compared with seven other filtrates cultured in different broths amended with colloidal chitin or oil. The culture filtrates and fungal cultures from media amended with colloidal chitin or oil had lower control efficacies than filtrates without these additives in three different media. These results indicate that the fungal culture fluid or culture filtrate of B. bassiana Bb08 cultured in Adamek's medium has potential for development as a mycopesticide for aphid control.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.5-12
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• 2018

The porosity formation by the addition of additives was found to be the highest in the case of aluminum powder 3% and $Ca(OH)_2$ 2% under the condition that strength was maintained. The optimum mixing ratio of the binder was shown to be the most effective at (Ash+Food waste+clay):(water glass+colloidal silica) 7:3, and the temperature response is most economical and effective at $1,000^{\circ}C$. The optimal mixing ratio is the strength in 30% of ash, 30% of clay and 10% of food waste, which is the effective in non-point pollution water treatment. Filter media produced under optimal mixing conditions were analyzed as $SiO_2$ 65.8%, density $1.4g/cm^3$, porosity 25.6%, pH 9.8, and no hazardous substances were detected. As a result of the filtration of the water treatment, the mean concentration of the filtered SS was $14.06mg/{\ell}$, and the removal efficiency of SS was 90%, the recovery rate of the reversal is 97.1%. This enables the development of filter media considering economic efficiency and efficiency as well as the utilization of waste resources, enabling high value added of waste resources.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.337-341
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• 2012

Mechanochemical processing (MCP) involves several high-energy collisions of powder particles with the milling media and results in the increased reactivity/sinterability of powder. The present paper shows results of mechanochemical processing (MCP) of silicon nitride powder mixture with the relevant sintering additives. The effects of MCP were studied by structural changes of powder particles themselves as well as by the resulting sintering/densification ability. It has been found that MCP significantly enhances reactivity and sinterability of the resultant material: silicon nitride ceramics could be pressureless sintered at $1500^{\circ}C$. Nevertheless, a degree of a silicon nitride crystal lattice and powder particle destruction (amorphization) as detected by XRD studies, is limited by the specific threshold. If that value is crossed then particle's surface damage effects are prevailing thus severe evaporation overdominates mass transport at elevated temperature. It is discussed that the cross-solid interaction between particles of various chemical composition, triggered by many different factors during mechanochemical processing, including a short-range diffusion in silicon nitride particles after collisions with other types of particles plays more important role in enhanced reactivity of tested compositions than amorphization of the crystal lattice itself. Controlled deagglomeration of $Si_3N_4$ particles during the course of high-energy milling was also considered.