• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.223-242
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• 2012

The study focused on exploring the ways that young ESL learners can cultivate media literacy by asking critical questions about the messages embedded in popular American TV cartoons. The participants in the study were five Korean children who came from three different families that had been living in a Midwestern college-town in the U. S. for less than two years. Research methods include analysis of interviews, video-taped sessions and photos of children's drawings. The children were asked about their American cartoon viewing habits as well as critical questions after watching two episodes of their favorite cartoons-Pok$\acute{e}$mon and SpongeBob. The analysis revealed that on one hand popular culture played an important role in helping children to adjust to a new culture and in motivating them to learn English. Further, the children believed that watching American cartoons was helping them improve their English skills. On the other hand, it appeared that they were not accustomed to being asked critical questions and thinking critically while watching American cartoons. Participation in the study increased the children's familiarity with critical questions and critical thinking to varying degrees. Pedagogical implications and suggestions for teachers are discussed.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.36
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• pp.97-122
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• 2014

During the Edo-period [江戶時代 1603-1867], Japan accepted the modern western science and culture while trading with Holland since 1609, and also through the influx of optical instruments in the $18^{th}$ century the culture of viewing pictures began to be developed. Especially, the peep-boxes and their pictures had been imported from China and Holland since the mid 1750s when they were flourished. The peep-box was rapidly and widely spread. Soon after, the peep-boxes and pictures had begun to be produced in Japan (megane [眼鏡] and megane-e [眼鏡繪]) since 1770s when the early visual culture settled down in Kyoto and Tokyo etc. The visual culture developed with the peep-box contains two remarkable factors in the cultural history of the $18^{th}$ century Japan. First, the peep-boxes became the popular device of visual entertainment, and opened the first phase of the modern visual culture before the advent of photography and cinema in the mid and end of the $19^{th}$ century. Secondly, the peep-box played a role of an educative media as a 'window to the unknown world' in the $18^{th}$ century Japan, by showing various pictures of many European cities. Through the peep-box pictures the 'western images' were spread and knowledges of Japanese about the west increased, although they were recognized just as 'Holland's images' without differentiation in each country.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.528-536
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• 2016

The aim of this study was to understand the difference between the image of social-workers and nurses perceived by middle school and high school students, and determine the experience related to social workers and the role of social workers projected in the media. The subjects of this study were 386 students of middle and high school located in S city. Data were collected from Oct. 15, 2013 to Nov. 23, 2013 and analyzed using the SPSS win 18.0 program. A comparison of the image of nurses and social workers in two groups showed that middle school students tended to have a more positive image of nurses than high school students, and the image of nurses appeared to be more positive than that of social workers. As a result of analyzing the contents exposed in media, the students received most of their information on social workers from TV. Therefore, it is necessary to have a strategy to help students choose a major or a job by reinforcing mass media monitoring based on TV, which may have a major impact on the image of social workers and provide them with the correct information on the profession.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.239-249
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• 1999

The role of amino acids in culture media for IVF-ET was examined in a total of 76 cycles. Patients received clomiphene citrate (CC) followed by hMG or GnRH-a combined with gonadotropins (FSH/hMG) for controlled ovarian hyperstimulation. Severe male (<$4{\times}10^6$ motile sperm) or age factor (>39 y) patients were excluded in this study. Pregnancy was classified as clinical if a gestational sac or fetal cardiac activity was seen on ultrasound. No significant differences were found in age, duration of infertility, follicle size, the level of $E_2$ on the day of hCG injection, the mean number of oocytes retrieved, total motile sperm count, fertilization rate and the mean number of embryos transferred between bHTF (without amino acids) and mHTF (with amino acids) groups. However, total ampules of gonadotropins were higher (p<0.01) in mHTF group than bHTF group. Significantly (p<0.05) more clinical pregnancies were recorded in mHTF group (13/30) compared with bHTF group (9/46). The multiple pregnancy rates were 11.1% in bHTF group and 7.7% in mHTF group. There were one ectopic pregnancy in mHTF group and one heterotopic pregnancy in bHTF group. Abortion rates were 22.2% in bHTF group and 7.7% in mHTF, respectively. The ongoing pregnancy or livebirth rate was significantly (p<0.05) higher in mHTF group (12/30) than bHTF group (7/46). These results suggest that the addition of amino acids in culture media is essential for culture of zygotes in vitro and adjustment of energy substrates in phosphate-free culture media appears to be beneficial for human IVF-ET procedure.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.385-396
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• 2006

For the regeneration of periodontal tissues, the microenvironment for new attachment of connective tissue fibers should be provided, At this point of view, cementum formation in root surface plays a key role for this new attachment. This study was performed to figure out which factor promotes differentiation of cementoblast Considering anatomical structure of tooth, we selected the cells which may affect the differentiation of cementoblast - Ameloblast, OD11&MDPC23 for odontoblasts, NIH3T3 for fibroblsts and MG63 for osteoblasts. And OCCM30 was selected for cementoblast cell line. Then, the cell lines were cultured respectively and transferred the conditioned media to OCCM30. To evaluate the result, Alizarin red S stain was proceeded for evaluation of mineralization. The subjected mRNA genes are bone sialoprotein(BSP), alkaline phosphate(ALP) , osteocalcin(OC), type I collagen(Col I), osteonectin(SPARC ; secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine). Expression of the gene were analysed by RT-PCR, The results were as follows: 1. For alizarin red S staining, control OCCM30 didn't show any mineralized red nodules until 14 days. But red nodules started to appear from about 4 days in MDPC-OCCM30 & OD11-OCCM30. 2. For results of RT-PCR, ESP mRNAs of control-OCCM30 and others were expressed from 14 days, but in MDPC23-OCCM30 & OD11-OCCM30 from 4 days. Like this, the gene expression of MDPC23-OCCM30 & OD11-OCCM30 were detected much earlier than others. 3. For confirmation of odontoblast effect on cementoblast, conditioned media of osteoblasts(MG63) which is mineralized by producing matrix vesicles didn't affect on the mineralized nodule formation of cementoblasts(OCCM30). This suggest the possibility that cementoblast mineralization is regulated by specific factor in dentin matrix protein rather than matrix vesicles. Therefore, we proved that the dentin/odontoblast promotes differentiation/mineralization of cementoblasts. This new approach might hole promise as diverse possibilities for the regeneration of tissues after periodontal disease.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.46
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• pp.420-448
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• 2009

This paper aims at advancing the understanding of human communication by reflecting the role of the consciousness of time in television communication. As the past, the present and the future are not independent realities, but co-exist in the human consciousness, the 'experience' and the 'expectation' are used as two essential conceptual tools which explain the mechanism of operation of the consciousness of time. The man anticipates the future based on the experience updated in the present, and chooses a present action and feels an emotion according to the expectation. The consciousness of time is extended to the symbolic instrument of time and the dominant vision of the world in the process of the socialization. The role of the consciousness of time in television communication is analyzed in both genres of information and fiction based on the media characteristics of television. The information and the fiction genres oppose to each other according to their relationships to the reality, but it turned out that their effects of communication such as enjoyment and novelty depends in common on the way of using the televiewer's consciousness of time.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.65-71
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• 2017

In this paper, we propose a design method for the construction of LTE-based small unmanned aerial vehicle control system to quickly and reliably collect multiple small unmanned aerial vehicle position information simultaneously flying all over the country. In particular, the main requirements are the network (N/W), hardware (H/ W), software(SW), Database(DB), development architecture, and business needs. To satisfy these requirements, N/W, H/W, SW, DB design, and architectural design plan were suggested regarding the design requirements of a small UAV system. To effectively control the small unmanned multi-party system in the system design, the architecture is divided into the front-end service area and the back-end service area according to the function and role of the unit system. In the front-end service area that grasps and controls the position and state of small unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), we have studied the design part that can be expanded to N through TCP/IP network by applying Client PC method.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.139-149
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• 2014

This study attempts to explore the inter-media agenda setting effect between television and Twitter based on the framework of the two-step flow theory. Twitter's increasingly important role in political communication can be effectively addressed by examining the process by which Twitter users form their opinions on television debate program. Content analyses of Twitter discussions after television debate of the Korean presidential candidates provided interesting insights into how Twitter's opinion leaders reflect on the televised debates. The results show that Twitter mentions rather focus on personality traits of the candidates while television debates emphasize the candiates' policy issues. Specifically, Twitter users mainly concentrated on the political ideology and morality of the candidates. In sum, Twitter seems to have its own way of influencing the public opinion separately from the television.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.220-229
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• 2013

Recently, the volume of knowledge information in the form of electronic media is quickly increasing in the library field along with the advancement of electronic communication technology. Libraries have both printed data and electronic data and are faced with the issue of corresponding with the access and use of knowledge information in terms of the space. This study is for building the layout of a sustainable knowledge information space based on the view that the library is the official infrastructure of the knowledge information based society. It is intended to analyze the meaning of knowledge information in the modern society, characteristics in the spatial organization and the transmission of knowledge information. The goal of this study is to understand and forecast the spatial structure where users access knowledge information and exchange with one another and developing the direction and guidelines for the spatial plan that today's libraries prefer through this analysis. For this, this study firstly prepared the base for the research on library space which can be considered as the physical realization of such concepts, through the theoretical review about the knowledge information and social concepts as well as characteristics of modern society. Also, it seized the characteristics in the transmission of knowledge information by conducting a structural analysis of the information service such as knowledge information and space, space and information media, space and space through the cases of 10 public libraries. The analysis resulted in basic data including the system of organizing knowledge information, system of knowledge information transferring elements and structure, and layout pattern of each library. These results are deemed meaningful for the promotion of communication with the user through the exchange, creation, and experience of knowledge information, the social role of today's public library.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.161-171
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of parents knowledge on oral health status toward their children. This study was carried out to investigate and analyze the cognitive degree of dental subjects and general public who have an experience to be treated for their dental knowledge, operative dentistry, and dental prothesis in the oral health care through the questionnaires. The results are as follows : 1 : In questioning the frequency in the visitation of dental clinic, 68.8% usually go to see dentists, if children's teeth have trouble. It was the reason that economical standard and educational level were enhanced as before. 57.6% took a kind of medical measures. 2 : In surveying the preference of dentists’ age or gender, 56.9% preferred younger dentists to older or female dentists. On the contrary, 56.9% children want younger dentists, and 64.8% children want female dentist doctor. As a conclusion, the preference of dentists’ age or gender is relevant with a view to remove big horror, which can be evoked by dental measures. 3 : In questioning the possession amount of decayed teeth, 45.8% have more than four. Usually those parents who have children filled their decayed teeth with artificial or installed with dental prosthesis. As a conclusion, age is relevant in this study in p<0.05 level. 4 : In asking for efficient starting-year of tooth brushing, 42.6% said that 2 or 3 year age is the most efficient, and especially 80.6% teach children to learn brushing themselves. (P<0.05). As a conclusion, the voluntary brushing can be good behaviour for good dental health. 5 : In surveying the way they obtained dental information, 38.9% were given form mass media, but 90% were once not delivered with the education of dental health. Because parents have been known narrow and deficient information of dental health through mass media, experts in dental health have to deliver help their parents to be delivered with systematical dental information. The conclusion of this study can be summarized that parents' role is very important to their children's tooth health and the education program for systematical dental information should be delivered to their parents.