• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.315-324
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• 2001

Mechanochemical effects that occurred in the fine grinding process of quartz particles using planetary ball mill was investigated. Quartz particles have been frequently utilized for optical materials, semiconductor molding materials. We determined that grinding for a long time can be create amorphous structures from the crystalline quartz by Mechanochemical effects. But, to be produced nano-composite particles that the critical grinding time reached for composite materials in a short time. Henceforth, a qualitative estimation must be conducted on the filler for EMC(Epoxy molding compound) materials. It can be produced mechanochemically treated composite materials and also an integrated grinding efficiency considering of the nano-composite amorphous structured particles. The mechanochemical characteristics were evaluated based on particle morphology, size distribution, specific surface area, density and the amount of amorphous phase materials into the particle surface. The grinding operation in the planetary ball mill can be classified into three stages. During the first stage, initial particle size was reduced for the increase of specific surface area. In the second stage, the specific surface areas increased in spite of the increase in particle size. The final stage as a critical grinding stage, the ground quartz was considered mechanochemically treated particles as a nano- composite amorphous structured particles. The development of amorphous phase on the particle surface was evaluated by X-ray diffractometry, thermal gravity analysis and IR spectrometer. The amount of amorphous phase of particles ground for 2048 minutes was 85.3% and 88.2% by X-ray analysis and thermal gravity analysis, respectively.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.83-88
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• 2002

The mechanochemical milling of Mg and $Mg_2Ni$ alloys were carried out to examine the enhancement of hydrogen storage properties of Mg alloys. The hydroge characteristics of the ball-milled products were evaluated with a Sievert-type apparatus and electrochemical test. Various intermediate compounds were obtained by chemical reactions induced during the ball milling of Mg of $Mg_2Ni$ alloys with C, Ni, $Ni_2Cl$ and $Ca_2Cl$. The system of $Mg_2Ni$ with 10 wt% C improved markedly the kinetics of hydrogen absorption, while the hydrogen capacities were practically unchanged. The hydrogen storage alloys such as Mg-Ca can be successfully.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.297-305
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• 2017

In this study, the activity and structural properties of catalysts prepared by mechanochemical method under dry condition were studied. A dry milling was used as a mechanochemical method. The precursors of vanadium were $NH_4VO_3$ and $V_2O_5$. The activity and characterization of the catalysts prepared by dry milling were compared with those prepared by impregnation. In addition, the correlation between the catalytic activity and the structural characteristics was observed through XRD, Raman, and $H_2$-TPR analysis. As a result, the monomeric vanadate species exhibited excellent redox characteristics, which were confirmed to be related to the catalytic activity.

• Proceedings of the Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.25-25
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• 2003

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.13 no.4 s.57
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• pp.243-249
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• 2006

Yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) powders were synthesized via mechanochemical solid reaction using $Y_2O_3$ with three types of aluminum compounds. $Y_2O_3$ reacted mechanochemically with all A1 compounds and formed YAM (yttrium aluminum monoclinic), YAG and YAP (yttrium aluminum perovskite) phases depending on the starting materials. The ground samples containing ${\gamma}-A1_2O_3$ showed the best reactivity, whereas the ground sample containing A100H, which had the largest surface area, exhibited pure YAG after calcination at $1200^{\circ}C$. The sample containing Al had the least reactivity, producing YAP along with YAG at $1200^{\circ}C$. The types and grinding characteristics of the starting materials and grinding time are believed to be important factors in the mechanochemical synthesis of YAG.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.59-64
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• 2004

The performance of fuel cell electrode depends on the characteristics of the catalyst support material. This paper deals with the use of CNF(carbon nanofibre) and CNT(carbon nanotube) as platinum catalyst support. The CNF and CNT were synthesized with catalyst treated by mechanochemical process and were prepared by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. The platinum supported on CNF and CNT for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) application. In result, the best I-V characteristic was verified by the prepared MEA(membrane electrode assembly) from twisted CNF that had a diameter of 65 nm.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.21-29
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• 2024

Globally, the demand for electric vehicles (EVs) is surging due to carbon-neutral strategies aimed at decarbonization. Consequently, the demand for lithium-ion batteries, which are essential components of EVs, is also rising, leading to an increase in the generation of spent batteries. This has prompted research into the recycling of spent batteries to recover valuable metals. In this study, we aimed to selectively leach and recover lithium from the cathode material of spent LFP batteries. To enhance the reaction surface area and reactivity, the binder in the cathode material powder was removed, and the material was subjected to heat treatment in both atmospheric and nitrogen environments across various temperature ranges. This was followed by a mechanochemical process for aqueous leaching. Initially, after heat treatment, the powder was converted into a soluble lithium compound using sodium persulfate (Na₂S₂O₈) in a mechanochemical reaction. Subsequently, aqueous leaching was performed using distilled water. This study confirmed the changes in the characteristics of the cathode material powder due to heat treatment. The final heat treatment in a nitrogen atmosphere resulted in a lithium leaching efficiency of approximately 100% across all temperature ranges.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.344-344
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• 2008

최근 들어, 압전 세라믹스 제조기술의 급속한 발전으로 기계, 전자뿐만 아니라 휴대용 전자기기의 초소형 적층형 압전모터 및 압전변압기 같은 고품질 압전소자의 개발에 있어 특히 소자의 소형화에 따라 나노크기의 분말제조가 연구의 주류를 이루고 있다. 현재 이러한 나노크기의 세라믹스 제조에 사용되는 방법으로는 화학적 공침법, 졸겔법, 수열반응, 그리고 고에너지 볼밀법등이 보고되고 있다. 볼밀링 공정은 세라믹제조 시 필수 불가결한 공정이나 일반적으로 미세화에 그 한계가 있어 $1{\mu}m$이하의 입자크기를 가지는 분말은 제조가 곤란한 것으로 인식되어 왔다. 그러나 고에너지 볼밀을 이용한 볼밀링은 원료의 변형, 파괴 등과 같은 원료의 물리적 변화 뿐만 아니라 원료를 구성하는 원자/분자 구조에 영향을 미쳐 원료의 화학적 특성의 변화를 유발한다. 이러한 화학적 특성의 변화는 이종 원료간의 화학 반응성을 향상시켜 밀링 중에 새로운 화학종의 생성을 유발하게 되는데 이러한 현상을 mechanochemical 효과라 한다. 이러한 mechanochemical 효과는 나노 분말 입자의 제조뿐만 아니라, 분자설계, 재료합성, 자원처리 및 리사이클링 등에도 그 적용이 시도되고 있다. 이러한 mechanochemical 효과를 이용하여 분말을 미세화 함으로써 저온 소결과 재료특성 향상을 기대해 볼 수 있다. 따라서, 이번 연구에서는 우수한 압전 특성을 가진 PMN-PNN-PZT조성을 가지고 시편을 제작하였으며, 고에너지 볼밀시간에 따라 그 압전 및 유전특성을 조사하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.86-91
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• 2004

$LiCoO_2$ cathode powders with round particle shaped and nano grain sized of 70-300nm were synthesized by a mechanochemical method. The surface of Li-Co precursor prepared by freeze drying method was modified by $K_2SO_4$ coating and ball milling was used for the coating process. The precursor was crystallized to high temperature form of $LiCoO_2$ at $800^{\circ}C$ and the grain growth was inhibited by the $K_2SO_4$ coating effect. The $K_2SO_4$ coating was not decomposed at $800^{\circ}C$ and prevented the contact in the Li-Co precursor particles. The nano-sized $LiCoO_2$ powder had tetragonal phase and it affected the Li diffusion through the surface of particles. It means that the anode materials for hight performance battery should be satisfied not only small particle size but phase contol on the surface of particles. In this study, the powder characteristics and rate capabilities were compared with a commercial powder and the nano-sized $LiCoO_2$ powder fabricated by the mechanochemical method. And the crucial factor which affects on battery performance was also examined.

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.172-176
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• 2005

Recently, many researches on the high-voltage 5 V class cathode material have focused on $LiNi_{0.5}Mn_{1.5}O_4$, where $Mn^{3+}$ in the existing $LiMn_2O_4 (Li[Mn^{3+}][Mn^{4+}]O_4)$ is replaced by $Ni^{2+}(Li[Ni^{2+}]_{0.5}[Mn^{4+}]_{1.5}O_4)$ in order to utilize $Ni^{2+}/Ni^{4+}$ redox reaction in the 5V region. The partial substitution of Mn in $LiMn_2O_4$ for other transition metal element, $LiM_yMn_{1-y}O_4$(M=Cr, Al, Ni, Fe, Co, Cu, Ga etc) is known as a good solution to overcome the problems associated with $LiMn_2O_4$ like the gradual capacity fading. In this study, we synthesized $LiNi_{0.5}Mn_{1.5}O_4$ through a mechanochemical process and investigated its morphological, crystallographic and electrochemical characteristics. The results showed that 4 V peaks had been found in the cyclic volammograms of the synthesized powders due to the existence of $Mn^{3+}$ from the incomplete substitution of $Ni^{2+}$ for $Mn^{3+}$ implying that the mechanochemical activation alone was not good enough to synthesize an exact stoichiometric compound of $LiNi_{0.5}Mn_{1.5}O_4$. The synthetic condition of mechanochemical process, such as type of starting materials, ball-mill and calcination condition was optimized for the best electrochemical performance.