• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.3-10
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• 1978

Human Engineering has an intention of design to keep the best condition of man-machine system. Hitherto the conception of design has been used to include existing engineering, as mechanical engineering and electric engineering. But the manufactured goods which to be made these process seem to be fully equipped on physical function, but faults come out discountent repeatedly to users. Accordingly, the development of industrial design has been demanded for improving functional design. It is considered that industrial design has aesthetical sensation. In actually, it must be 1. to provide for utility and safety, 2. easy for maintenance, 3. cheap at cost. 4. possible for sales appeal, 5. and good on appearance. As taking into consideration above five conditions, however, for 삯e sake of comprehend to human being about operating method of machinery and equipment, it should be reflected to design what kind of training way will be needed. Also, it must be considered what a certain extent would be occurred tiredness to human being. in other words. it should be considered the design to be possible the reflect to principle of motion economy, It should not be made adoption of human ability for the designed machinery, it must be adopted the method to consider the design on presuppose about human ability. For study of these actual fact, this paper is summarized the essence of human engineering, and also to find out the methodology as humanistic engineering, It is, Particularly, subdivisionization of operation in flow operation is essential direction of mechanization. Generally. as developing the subdivisionization of operation, it will be lack of satisfaction on operation which worker take charge of. The subdivisionization of operation makes the operation to simple-repetitive, to lose the interest of worker and will be also come into question to the feeling of worker's livelihood. It is human's fundamental desire to have get skilful function or special technique. But the subdivisionization of operation hold in those human's fundamental desire and so that it will likely to lose the sorority of living by this fact. Accordingly, this paper have an operation to hold out the methodology on presuppose about human ability.

• 한국도서관정보학회지
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• 제13권
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• pp.85-111
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• 1986

Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) was first published in 1876. Since its first edition it has been revised, on an average, 6 years, and now it has become the widely used library classification system of which the scheme was translated in various languages. The purpose of this study is to find out the chief causes for the development of the DDC. The results of the study can be summarized as follows: 1. It allows materials to be shelved in a relative location as the collection expands. before the DDC was introduced, libraries used a fixed location for materials in which each item was assigned to a certain location set aside for a subject. 2. It is a practical system. The fact that it has survived many storms in the past hundred years and is still the most widely used classification scheme in the world today attests to its practical value. 3. The pure notation of arabic numerals is universally recognizable. People from any cultural or language background can adapt to the system easily. 4. The use of the decimal system enable infinite expansion and sub-division. And it has adaptability for use in libraries of various size and kinds because of its hierarchically expressive notation which permits varying degrees of inclusiveness and exclusiveness within its decimal structure. 5. The notation is simple and easily understood. The self-evident numerical sequence facilitates filing and shelving. And the mnemonic nature of the notation helps the readers to memorize and recognize the class numbers. 6. The relative index brings together different aspects of the same subject scattered in different disciplines. 7. We can avail of DDC numbers for specific titles easily because of its use by many central bibliographic services. 8. It is being continuously revised by a permanent office established in the library of congress in 1933. This office has been responsible for editing all editions of the DDC since the 16th (1958). And the periodic revision at regular intervals ensures the currentness of the scheme. 9. It has adaptability both for conventional (manual) shelf or classed catalogue analysis and also, through its meaningful nation, for retrieval through mechanization and computerized systems.

• 산업공학
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.193-207
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• 1998

The agriculture and fishery share in the Korean GDP is continuously decreasing after 1960s. Furthermore the proportion of these industries in the GDP has diminished as low as 10 percent in recent years. However, the stockbreeding sector in these industries are considerably expanded. More than 50 percent of the whole farmhouses are involved in the livestock farming, and the stock farming portion is steadily increased in its size and scope. Thus, the mechanization and the automization of stockbreeding equipments are greatly required to reduce down production cost, as well as to win the competitiveness in the global market. From this aspect, developed in this paper is a stockbreeding management system (SMS) for dairy cattle, which can be used in small and medium sized dairy farms. First, the basic schema of the stockbreeding management system are addressed in view of stockbreeding management for individual dairy cattle. Electronic identification (EI) systems and sensory devices have changed stockbreeding management strategy from group stock control into individual stock control manner. The SMS receives stock body measurement data through the sensory devices such as weight, temperature, and milk conductivity meters. A common database then integrates those measuring data together so that the SMS can determine the appropriate solution on each stock's breeding such as feeding and milking. Thus, each stock can be supervised by a sophisticated SMS that provides the best solution to the stockbreeding throughout the stock's whole life-cycle. Secondly. six major submodules of the SMS, based on the EI and sensory devices, are proposed. They are individual stock management, disease management, health management, feeding management, milking management, and a propagation management submodule. Finally, a prototype system for the SMS is demonstrated. The system is developed using Delphi 2 client-server system run under the Windows 95 environment.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제23권10호
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• pp.143-150
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• 2009

봉형접지극은 타 접지전극 형태에 비해 쉬운 시공성으로 국 내외적으로 배전계통에 보편적으로 사용하고 있는 접지극 형태이다. 따라서 보다 나은 봉형접지극의 시공성 향상을 위해 형태 변형, 형상 개량, 재질 개선 등 많은 연구가 진행되고 있다. 그러나 접지공사는 다양한 토질을 대상으로 이루어지기 때문에 봉형접지극 자체에 대한 개선으로는 시공성 향상에 한계가 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 봉형접지극의 직렬 및 병렬 시공을 기계화(중공스크루로드 이용)함으로써 소정의 접지저항값을 효과적으로 확보할 수 있는 공법에 관한 연구이다. 본 연구 결과를 축약하면 같은 조건하(동일한 대지저항율, 동일한 접지동봉 개수, 동일한 직렬 또는 병렬 시공, 동일한 접지저항저감제, 물 공급)에서 현재 적용하고 있는 항타(심타)공법과 기계화공법에 대하여 새롭게 제시된 기계화공법으로 인한 접지저항값의 저감 효과를 비교하였다. 제안된 기계화공법이 항타공법에 비해 비교적 안정된 접지저항 저감 효과를 얻었다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.201-210
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• 1976

Only 22.7% of total land area is arable land in Korea, it is anticipated that the increased land utilization of present arable land and enlargement of arable land through the reclamation of hillside and tidal land will be of great importance for the support of increased population in the future. Followings are the prediction of increased land utilization ratios, increased arable land through the reclamation of hillside and tidal land, and the increase] in fertilizer demand up to the year of 2000. 1. On the assumption that irrigation facilities, farm mechanization, and cropping systems would be improved remarkably by the year of 2000, the land utilization ratios of paddy land and upland are estimated to be 179% and 193% respectively. 2. Increments of fertilizer demand due to increased land utilization ratios, are estimated to be 2, 290 M/T in 1980, 70, 611 M/T in 1990, and 153, 619 M/T in 2000, when the amounts of fertilizers per unit area are fixed at present lrevels. 3. Increments of fertilizer demand due to the expansion of arable land through the reclamation of 516,330 ha of hillside land and 160,568 ha of tidal land, which are the present estimation of the reclaimable areas, are estimated as 32,960 M/T in 1980, 136,320 M/T in 1990, and 366,861 M/T in 2000. 4. Total increments of fertilizer demand due to the increased land utilization of arable land and the expansion of arable land through the reclamation of hillside and tidal lands in 2000's are estimated as 196,285 M/T for N, 147,351 M/T for $P_2O_5$, and 176,844 M/T for $K_2O$.

• 복식
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• 제15권
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• pp.217-231
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• 1990

The purposes of this study were to research 1) the background of origination, 2) the process of development and 3) the influences to modern clothing culture of American sportswear. The most Influential sportswear designers in America from beginning period to present : such as Claire McCardell, Calvin Klein, Ralph Lauren and Donna Karan were selected to study their life and achievements in the world sportswear market. The Results were as follows : 1) World War I & II have caused the greatest changes to modern history America became the center of world economy, society and culture. Politically, they have influenced democracy world-wide and raised the social status of women. The free American women enjoyed sports, Jazz drinking and car-driving. The advanced technology have accelerated mechanization and mass-production to the fashion industrv. 2) The above historical backgrounds have caused to change women's clothing to casual, practical and simple form. Dorothy Shaver at Lord & Taylor began promoting American designers who created the original American spirit. Claire McCardell created the seperated American sportswear to become world-wide fashion. Calvin Klein and Ralph Lauren, the sportswear designers who have the unique American feeling have come to have riches and fames equal to the top designers in Paris. 3) The American sportswear and fashion industry influenced Paris Mode, the traditional Haute Couture to open Pret-a-porter-a-porter. The concept of seperated coordination in American sportswear have promoted the advanced marketing techniques and merchandising systems to modern ready-to-wear industry. Fashion in 1980s have increased the mutual interdepedence between the American sportswear industry and the creative Paris Mode. And then, the fashion world in 1990s and 21C will be changed and developed on the basis of American sportswear mechanism.

• 드라이브 ㆍ 컨트롤
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.35-41
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• 2023

Radish and Chinese cabbage are the most produced and consumed vegetables in Korea. The mechanization of harvesting operations is necessary to minimize the need for manual labor. This study to develop and evaluate the performance of a multi-purpose driving platform that can apply modular Radish and Chinese cabbage harvesting devices. The multi-purpose driving platform consisted of driving, device control, engine, hydraulic, harvesting, conveying, and loading part. Radish and Chinese cabbage harvesting conducted using the multi-purpose driving platform each harvesting module. The performance of the multi-purpose driving platform was evaluated the field efficiency and loss rate. The total Radish harvesting operation time 34.3 min., including 28.8 min., of harvesting time, 1.9 min., of turning time, and 3.6 min., of replacement time of bulk bag. During Radish harvesting, the field efficiency and average loss rate of the multi-purpose driving platform were 2.0 hr/10a and 3.1 %. Chinese cabbage harvesting operation 49.3 min., including 26.6 min., of harvesting time, 4.6 min., of turning time, and 18.1 min., of replacement time of bulk bag. During Chinese cabbage harvesting, the field efficiency and average loss rate of the multi-purpose driving platform 2.1 hr/10a and 0.1 %. Performance evaluation of the multi-purpose driving platform that harvesting work was possible by installing Radish and Chinese cabbage harvest modules. Performance analysis through harvest performance evaluation in various Radish and Chinese cabbage cultivation environments is necessary.

• 예술인문사회 융합 멀티미디어 논문지
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.885-892
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• 2018

18세기 1차 산업혁명 이후로부터 여러 차례에 걸쳐 혁명적 산업 변화가 이루어졌다. 4차 산업혁명은 지능과 정보가 융합된 형태로 전개되는 새로운 형태의 산업혁명이다. 사회, 문화, 경제, 교육 시스템은 접속과 경험이라는 커다란 주제 안에서 전개될 것으로 예상된다. 4차 산업혁명의 특징적 요소인 지능적 기계화의 흐름 속에서, 인간과 기계의 분업화라는 관점은 반드시 필요하다. 도구에 관한 것은 기계와 인공지능에게 맡기고 인간은 본질적인 문제를 바라보아야 한다. 4차 산업혁명의 패러다임과 기술발전의 흐름 속에서 교육의 관점은 근본적으로 변화되어야 한다. 암기력을 기반으로 하는 소유의 개념이 아닌, 접속과 활용의 능력을 길러주는 교육으로 나아가야 한다. 로봇과 인공지능이 많은 부분을 담당할 수 있으므로 인간은 기계가 할 수 없는 토론, 협업, 의사소통, 감성, 예술성이라는 영역에 주목할 필요가 있다. 4차 산업혁명은 인간과 기술의 융합, 인문학과 과학기술의 융합이다. 융합적 교육과 독서가 중요하다.

• 농촌계획
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.131-138
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• 2016

Recently, the cultivated area is reduced, the ratio of upland-field in the total cultivated area is increasing relative appeared in 36.2% in 1990 from 43.7% in 2013. If upland-field can be applied well designed-infrastructure, good income crop production is possible, however, maintenance of infrastructure and a significant portion of the upland-field is maintained under insufficient infrastructure. While imports of agricultural products expanded since the 2000s in progress, looking at the self-sufficiency of upland-field crops, it is reduced to from 90% to 42% for the pepper, it is from 90% to 74% for the garlic, cereals is reduced from 42% by 26%. As a result of these conditions, the competitiveness of farmers has weakened, the risk to meet the challenges of this area of production and supply reduction increased. This study was the first to conduct a basic evaluation index, data analysis and evaluation of indicators to diagnose the agricultural production capacity of the upland field. 12 kinds classified index of producing conditions from the natural environment and eight factors for the cultivation and production capabilities have developed for the assessment of productivity of upland-field (especially Kimchi cabbage). Through this regional imbalance was found, based on the production capabilities conditions are good in Haenam, Gangneung, Pyeongchang. 3 Regions have been low and the lowest Youngwol to 0.8992. Climate(Cultivation conditions) indicators of Mungyeong region is the highest, relatively low areas were in Taebaek. In particular, it is determined to be preferred that the area required for the enhancing the production environment based on providing the convenience for the producing and maintenance of the first production area. It is necessary Increasing part of mechanization, agro-industrial competitiveness through aggressive management plans for facilities as required in the process of post-harvest storage, processing, distribution line can be improved.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.30-40
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• 1992

The area of grassland established and the arable land in forage production have been decreased recently in Korea. As a result, forages available from the grassland and the arable land provided only 40% of the total roughage consumed by cattle in 1991, compared with 54% in 1989. The decreasing trend of the forage production has been impinged on by a number of legislative. socio-economic. technical and other constraints negatively affecting grassland and forage development. Consequently. effective systems and strategies are quite necessary to have sustainable grassland farming in Korea. In spring and autumn, temperatures are too low for subtropical forage crops, and the summer monsoon climate is another serious limitation to the use of cool-season species. Therefore it is an imperative that not only the research-based grassland development but also the forage crop production should be strongly supported by the government authorities to overcome such climatic limitations. Private forest land holdings are of relatively small units in Korea. Accordingly. it is necessary and important to enlarge the forest land holdings per farm to develop as economic units of grassland. For this the government should introduce new policy measures such as for example: long-term leases of Sorest land and the idle arable land of absentee owners ; rational rental system of national and public forest lands; integrating livestock and forest production. All the laws and regulations standing in the way of the grassland development in forest lands should be modified and revised to open the way for much easier development of grassland. It is also proposed that a high level of financial incentives -hould be provided for structural improvements for the grassland development. They may be: mechanization facilitation, construction of new roads relating to grassland, and land exchange and consolidation. And it is basically necessary that financial enumeration or profits must be garanteed in order to motivate farmers to keep up farming continuously. For more efficient grassland development in mountainous areas, reorganization of Alpine Experiment Station and NAB1 Namwon Branch Station may be needed. Research should be strengthened for completion of pasture mixtures, development of maximum forage production methods with a view to saving labor and reducing production costs, introduction of grazing and forage conservation techniques. and utilization of rice straw as more palatable and nutritious forage source. In order to have more efficient and effective transfer of advanced forage production technologies to livestock farmers the user-clients. it is also essential that special training measures should be given to livestock farmers through making greater use of specialized research and extension workers.