• Title/Summary/Keyword: Meat yield

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Effects of Different Additives on the Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Holstein Steers (첨가물질의 급여가 홀스타인 거세우의 발육, 도체특성에 미치는 영향)

  • Cho, Won-Mo;Yang, Sung-Hak;Lee, Sang-Min;Jang, Sun-Sik;Kim, Hyeong-Cheol;Hong, Seong-Koo;Park, Woon-Yeoul;Kim, Hyun-Soo
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.22 no.2
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    • pp.161-166
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    • 2012
  • This study was performed to investigate the feeding effects of different additives on the growth performance and carcass characteristics of Holstein steers. Twenty-four Holstein steers, five months of age and 176.6 kg, were randomly allocated to three experimental groups of eight animals each for an 18-month feeding trial. The groups were control (not additive), T1 (fed zinc, vitamin C, and sulfur), and T2 (fed choline and lysine). The average daily gain was no different between the treatment groups during the growing to early fattening period, but it was significantly higher in the T1 group than the T2 group in the late fattening period (p<0.05). The final BW of the T1 group was relatively high in relation to the other groups, but was not significantly different. The additives had no effects on DMI during the experimental period; however, the feed conversion ratio of the T1 group in the late fattening period was significantly lower than that of the T2 group (p<0.05). The results of yield traits, carcass weight, and yield index were similar between groups, but back fat thickness and rib eye area were relatively lower in the T2 group than in the other groups. In terms of quality traits, meat color, texture, and maturity were not significantly different between the three groups. However, marbling score and appearance rate of high quality grade ($1^{++}$, $1^+$, and 1) were higher in the T1 group compared with the T2 group. Thus, the present results suggest that vitamin C, zinc, and sulfur supplementation may improve the growth performance and carcass characteristics of Holstein steers.

Effect of Dietary Crude Protein and Amino Acid Contents on Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics in Korean Native Ducks (사료의 조단백질 및 아미노산 함량이 토종오리의 성장과 도체 특성에 미치는 영향)

  • Kwon, Hyung Joo;Choo, Yun Kyung;Oh, Sung Taek;Kim, Hak Kyu;Kang, Chang Won;An, Byoung Ki
    • Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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    • v.40 no.4
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    • pp.351-359
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    • 2013
  • This study was undertaken to assess dietary crude protein (CP) and amino acid (AA) concentrations for growth performance and carcass characteristics in Korean native ducks. In a $2{\times}3$ factorial arrangement, 1-d-old Korean native male ducks were allotted to 6 dietary treatments in a completely randomized design. Experimental diets contained 23 or 21% CP with 1.31/1.09, 1.21/1.00, 1.11/0.91 and 1.11/0.91, 1.02/0.83, 0.92/0.75 AA (Lysine/Total sulfur amino acid, Lysine/TSAA), respectively, from 0 to 3 wk of age. From 4 to 8 wk of age, experimental diets had 19 or 17% of diet; each contained 1.00/0.79, 0.94/0.75, 0.88/0.71 and 0.88/0.71, 0.82/0.67, 0.76/0.63 AA (Lysine/TSAA), respectively. Each dietary treatment has 6 replicates and feed and water were provided ad libitum. Body weight (BW), feed intake and uniformity were measured at 3 wk and 8 wk and carcass characteristics were evaluated at 8 wk of age. As CP increased from 21 to 23%, the BW and BW gain significantly increased (P<0.05) during 0 to 3 wk of age. From 4 to 8 wk of age, BW, feed intake, BW gain, feed conversion rations (FCR) and uniformity were not different (P>0.05) between treatments. Carcass yield and relative weights of liver, spleen, right breast and leg per 100 of BW were not different (P>0.05) between treatments. The meat color, shear force value, cooking loss and pH were not affected by dietary treatments (P<0.05). Korean native ducks require relatively low levels of dietary CP and AA for late growth and carcass yield due to low daily weight gain. This suggests the possible differences in CP and AA needs between Korean native ducks and commercial breeds from foreign breeding companies, especially late growth stage.

Synthesis and Functional Properties of Plastein from the Enzymatic Hydrolysates of Filefish Protein 2. General Properties and IR Spectrum of Plasteins (말쥐치육 단백질의 효소적 가수분해물을 이용한 Plastein의 합성 및 그 물성 2. Plastein의 일반적 성상과 IR Spectrum)

  • KIM Se-Kwon;LEE Eung-Ho
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.20 no.5
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    • pp.431-440
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    • 1987
  • In order to develop a new type of food source for the effective utilization of fish protein, plastein reaction was applied to improve the functional properties of filefish protein. Plasteins were synthesized from a peptic filefish protein hydrolysate by papain, pepsin, $\alpha-chymotrypsin$ and protease(from Streptomyces griceus) under the optimum conditions of previous paper). Also, L-glutamic acid diethylester and L-leucine ethylester were incorporated into plastein during the plastein reaction by papain. And, General composition, yield, molecular weight, amino acid composition, color and IR spectrum of plasteins were measured. The protein, ash and lipid content of the plasteins were $72\~78\%,\;7.4\~11.8\%\;and\;0.3\~0.9\%$ respectively. The yield of plasteins were papain $55.0\%,\;pepsin\;47.6\%,\;\alpha-chymotrypsin\;38.3\%,\;protease\;23.6\%$, glutamic acid-incorporated plastein (Glu-Plastein) $35.0\%$, and leucine-incorporated plastein (Leu-plastein) $45.7\%$. The glutamic acid and leucine content in Glu-plastein and Leu-plastein were $38.7\%,\;41,7\%$, respectively, while the contents in the peptic filefish protein hydrolysate were $16.01\%\;and\;8.16\%$, respectively. The amino acid compositions were similar to that of the original filefish muscle protein. The major molecular weights of the peptic hydrolysate estimated by gel filteration were 2,000 and 310, and those of plasteihs were 21,000 and 4,900 for papain, 24,000 for pepsin, 18,500 for $\alpha-chymotrypsin$ 6,700 for protease, 24,000 for Glu-plastein and 17,000 for Leu-plastein. The structural changes in freeze-dried filefish meat, the FPC and hydrolysate were not observed on the IR spectrum. But plasteins showed amide I band in $1,600\~l,700cm^{-1}$ range and resulted in a strong band in $800\~850\;cm^{-1},\;700\~750\;cm^{-1}\;and\;650\~700\;cm^{-1}$. The amide I band of Glu-plastein was wider than those of other plasteins and had also a small band at $1,440\;cm^{-1}$.

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Effect of pH Control on Physico-chemical Characteristics of Chicken Breast Surimi (닭가슴살 Surimi의 이화학적 특성에 미치는 pH 조절의 영향)

  • Jin Sang-Keun;Kim Il-Suk;Hur Sun-Jin;Park Ki-Hun;Ha Ji-Hee;Kang Seoc-Mo;Choi Yeung-Joon;Kim Jin-Soo
    • Food Science of Animal Resources
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    • v.26 no.1
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    • pp.64-69
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    • 2006
  • This study was conducted to determine the effect of pH adjustment on physico-chemical characteristics of chicken breast surimi. The chicken breast meat was ground with distilled water, of which pH was then adjusted to 2.5 (T1), 3.0 (T2), 10.5 (T3) and 11.0 (T4) for surimi manufacture, respectively. Water content was higher in order of T4>T1>T3>T2 (p<0.05). Crude protein and crude fat were higher in T3 and T4 compared with T1 and T2 (p<0.05). $L^*$ values, myofibrillar protein and water holding capacity of T2 and T4 were higher than those of T1 and T3 (p<0.05). T4 had the lowest yield among the treatments (p<0.05). T1 was higher in yield and pH, whereas breaking force and deformation were higher in T1 (p<0.05). $a^*$ was higher in order of T3>T2>T4>T1 and $b^*$ was lower in T1 compared with other treatments (p<0.05). In textural properties, the chewiness values of T2 and T3 were higher than those of T1 and T4, the hardness was higher in order of T2>T3>T4>T1 (p<0.05). Cohesiveness and gumminess of T1 showed higher values than those of other treatments (p<0.05). In sensory evaluation, the note for appearance was higher in T2 than other treatments (p<0.05), however other traits were not significantly different (p>0.05). Therefore, the alkaline processing (T4, pH 11.0) would be recommended.

Estimation of Characteristics and Methane Production Rate of Food Waste (음식물류 폐기물 특성 및 메탄 발생가능량 평가)

  • Lee, Min-Kyu;Kim, Kyung;Shin, Hyun-Gon;Bae, Ki-Hwan;Kim, Choong-Gon;Park, Joon-Seok
    • Clean Technology
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    • v.25 no.3
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    • pp.223-230
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    • 2019
  • This research was performed to evaluate the characteristics of food waste from 5 areas in Gangwon Province, Korea and to predict the $CH_4$ gas production rate. Food wastes were sampled in July and September, 2017. The amount of methane gas generation was evaluated through the biochemical methane potential (BMP) test and a calculation method using chemical composition. Average bulk density and pH of the food wastes were in the range of $0.758{\sim}0.850g\;cm^{-3}$ and 4.29 ~ 4.75, respectively. By physical composition, vegetables were the highest with 56.43 ~ 72.81% with fruits recording 5.31 ~ 8.95%, cereals 1.60 ~ 18.73%, fish and meat 4.47 ~ 12.11%, and filtrate 1.76 ~ 3.64%. The average water content was 69.30 ~ 75.87%, and VS and ash content were 22.50 ~ 27.98% and 1.63 ~ 2.48%, respectively. In addition, $BOD_5$, $COD_{Cr}$, and $COD_{Mn}$ were in the ranges of $17,690.3{\sim}33,154.9mg\;L^{-1}$, $106,212.3{\sim}128,695.5mg\;L^{-1}$, and $51,266.1{\sim}63,426.3mg\;L^{-1}$, respectively. The NaCl content ranged from 0.81 to 1.17%. The results of elemental analysis showed that the contents of C, H, O, N, and S were 44.87 ~ 48.1%, 7.12 ~ 7.57%, 40.13 ~ 43.78%, 3.22 ~ 4.14%, and 0.00 ~ 0.02%, respectively. In a comparison of the methane production yield per VS mass of food waste, there was no significant difference between the cumulative amount (${0.303{\sim}0.354m_{CH4}}^3\;{kg_{VS}}^{-1}$) by the BMP test and the theoretical amount (${0.294{\sim}0.352m_{CH4}}^3\;{kg_{VS}}^{-1}$) calculated by chemical composition.

Effect of Garlic Stalk Silage on Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Hanwoo Steers (마늘대 사일리지 급여가 한우거세우의 성장 및 도체특성에 미치는 영향)

  • Chu, G.M.;Lee, H.J.;Park, J.S.;Cho, H.W.;Ahn, B.H.
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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    • v.45 no.6
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    • pp.1007-1018
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    • 2003
  • This study was conducted to investigate the effect of feeding of garlic stalk silage on performance and carcass characteristics of Hanwoo steers. Feeding trial was conducted with 27 heads of Hanwoo steers and these animals were divided into two groups of control(rice straw) and garlic stalk silage. Animals consuming rice straw were fed concentrates and rice straw for 22 months from the 5 months of age and animals consuming garlic stalk silage were fed concentrates, rice straw and garlic stalk silage for 22 months from the 5 months of age. Animals fed rice straw and garlic stalk silage were fed 1.34 and 1.47, 1.69 and 1.74, 1.65 and 1.66% concentrates to body weight for the growing period, fattening period and finishing period, respectively. Animals fed rice straw and garlic stalk silage as roughage sources were fed 1.37 and 1.38, 0.65 and 0.63, 0.43 and 0.43% roughages to body weight for the growing period, fattening period and finishing period, respectively. Also, animals fed garlic stalk silage were offered 0.22 and 0.33% garlic stalk silage to body weight for the fattening and finishing period, respectively. Animals fed rice straw and garlic stalk silage as a roughage sources did not differ in average daily gain during the whole feeding periods. Animals of control group consumed less concentrates and roughage than those fed garlic stalk silage during the whole feeding periods. However, feed efficiency was not significantly different between both treatments. Beef yield including backfat thickness, eye muscle area and carcass weight was slightly lower in the animals fed garlic stalk silage than in the animals fed rice straw even though there were no differences between both treatments. However, beef quality including beef color, fat color, texture, maturity and marbling score was slightly higher in the garlic stalk silage-fed animals than in the animals fed rice straw although there were not statistically different between both treatments. Animals consuming garlic stalk silage was significantly(p<0.05) lower in shear value than those fed rice straw. Amino acid composition including essential amino acid and non-essential amino acid was not different between animals fed rice straw and garlic stalk silage. Eye muscle area of animals fed garlic stalk silage contained slightly higher oleic acid, less linoleic acid and arachidonic acid and more linolenic acid than that of animals fed rice straw only as a roughage sources. So eye muscle area of animals fed garlic stalk silage contained more mono-unsaturated fatty acid than that of animals fed rice straw and $\omega$6/$\omega$3 ratio was narrower in the animals fed garlic stalk silage than in the animals fed rice straw. Economic income was higher by 20% in the animals fed garlic stalk silage than in the animals fed rice straw. Therefore, It may be concluded that feeding of garlic stalk silage as a roughage sources to steers during the fattening period seems to improve meat quality, fatty acid composition and economic income.

The Influence of Carcass Traits on Carcass Price in Mature Hanwoo Cow (한우 암소에서 도체형질과 도체가격간의 상관관계)

  • Kim, Dae-Jung;Lee, Chang-Woo;Lee, Chae-Young;Kim, Jong-Bok
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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    • v.52 no.2
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    • pp.157-164
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    • 2010
  • We investigated the influence of carcass traits on carcass price for Hanwoo cow using multiple regression and path analyses. Data for carcass traits and price were collected on mature Hanwoo cow raised in private farms in Kangwon province that were slaughtered in 2008. A total of 96 animals with the average slaughter age of 51 months were used in the current study. Of the carcass traits studied, marbling score (MAR), dressing percentage (DP), and eye-muscle area (EMA) showed moderate and positive correlations with auction price (AP), while correlation coefficients of meat yield index (MINDEX) with AP were low or even negligible. In multiple regression analyses of AP and carcass price (CP) on cold carcass weight (CWT), back fat thickness (BFT), EMA, MAR, and DP, estimates of $R^2$ were 69.86 and 85.43%, respectively. Partial regression coefficients for CWT, BFT, EMA, MAR and DP were -0.028, -0.106, 0.107, 0.814, and 0.075 in the equation of AP and 0.561, -0.060, 0.083, 0.590, and 0.051 in the equation of CP. In path analyses, MAR's total contribution on the variation of AP was largest (0.667), and the total contributions of MAR and CWT on the variation of CP were 0.403 and 0.397. The current study suggested that marbling was the most influential trait on the variation of auction price, and marbling and cold carcass weight were critical traits on the variation of carcass price.

Effects of Floor Type and Increasing Market Weight on Performance and Pork Quality of Finishing Pigs (돈방바닥과 출하체중 증가가 비육돈의 생산효율과 돈육품질에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim D. H.;Kang J. D.;Ha D. M.
    • Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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    • v.11 no.3
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    • pp.153-160
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    • 2005
  • This study was conducted to determine the effect of floor type of finishing building and increasing market weight of finishing Pigs on Performance, carcass traits and pork quality. Four hundred and forty-four finishing pigs were confined and administered with different floor type(concrete slat and bedded with sawdust) and increasing market weight(110kg to 130kg) of finishing building. The result obtained from this study were summarized as follows; 1. There was no significant difference between the floor type of finishing building in the body weight gain, feed intake and gain per feed. And also increasing market weight of finishing pigs was not affected the performance of finishing pigs. 2. Increasing market weight of finishing pigs affect the carcass yield. The market weight at 130kg showed more amount of each cut of carcass, especially the belly portion was higher, but backfat thickness was not different. 3. Carcass traits did not show any significant difference due to the difference of market weight of finishing pig and floor type of finishing building. 4. There was no significant difference in the chemical compositions and meat color of pork loin between the floor type of finishing building and increasing market weight of finishing pigs.

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Effects of dietary supplementation with fermented spent mushroom substrates of the winter mushroom (Flammulina velutipes) on growth performance, carcass traits, and economic characteristics of Hanwoo steers (발효 팽이버섯 수확후배지의 급여 수준이 한우 거세우의 비육과 도체성적 및 경제성 분석에 미치는 영향)

  • Moon, Yea-Hwang;Cho, Woong-Ki;Kim, Hyun-Jung;Kim, Ji-Eun;Kim, Bo-Ram;Kim, Hye-Soo;Cho, Soo-Jeong
    • Journal of Mushroom
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    • v.15 no.4
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    • pp.223-228
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    • 2017
  • This study was conducted to investigate the effects of fermented spent mushroom substrates (F-SMS) of Flammulina velutipes on growth performance, carcass traits, and economic characteristics of Hanwoo steers. A yeast strain (Saccharomyces sp. UJ14) and Bacillus strain (Bacillus sp. UJ03) isolated from fresh spent mushroom substrates of Flammulina velutipes were used as probiotics to prepare F-SMS. Twenty-four Hanwoo steers (14 months old) were allocated to three dietary treatments via a randomized block design and were slaughtered at 30 months of age. These treatment groups included Control (TMR), T1 (TMR containing 10% of F-SMS) group, and T2 (TMR containing 30% of F-SMS). Body weight gain was not influenced by the experimental diets. DM and TDN intakes in the finishing period were significantly (p < 0.05) greater in group T1 than in other groups. CP intake was significantly (p < 0.05) greater in group T2 than in other groups during the whole experimental period. Among carcass traits, rib-eye area and back fat thickness tended to increase with F-SMS supplementation. The appearance rate (%) of a meat yield more than grade A was the highest in group T1. The net profits increased by 1.2% and 13.3% in groups T1 and T2, respectively. In conclusion, if a proper feeding program (including feed safety) can be ensured, spent mushroom substrates of Flammulina velutipes can prove to be a highly profitable feed source for Hanwoo steers.

Evaluation of Genetic Ability for Meat Quality in Hanwoo Cow (육질개량을 위한 한우번식우의 유전능력평가)

  • Won, Jung-Il;Kim, Jong-Bok;Lee, Jeong-Koo
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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    • v.52 no.4
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    • pp.259-264
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    • 2010
  • This study was carried out to estimate genetic parameters and breeding values of Hanwoo cows for carcass traits. Carcass records were collected from Korean steers raised at the private farms located in rural area of Gangwon-do and slaughtered from December 2004 to June 2008 at the three slaughter houses near fattening farm. The results obtained in this study were summarized as follows; The means and standard deviations of the carcass traits were $5.57{\pm}2.01$ for marbling score (MS), $10.87{\pm}4.06mm$ for backfat thickness (BFT), $87.87{\pm}9.07cm^2$ for eye muscle area (EMA), $426.75{\pm}49.27kg$ for carcass weight (CW), and $65.80{\pm}3.80$ for yield index (YI). Heritability estimates using single trait analyses were 0.36 for MS, 0.35 for BFT, 0.24 for EMA, 0.29 for CW, and 0.40 for YI, respectively. Genetic correlation coefficients of MS with BFT, EMA, CW, and YI were -0.21, 0.30, -0.21 and 0.30, and those of BFT with EMA, CW and YI were -0.12, 0.57 and -0.97, and those of EMA with CW and YI were 0.32 and 0.27, respectively. And genetic correlation of CW with YI was -0.62. Single trait selection for MS might lead to reducing BFT, but might be an obstacle to increase CW due to negative genetic correlations of MS with BFT and CW.