• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.690-697
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• 2017

Despite the benefits associated with the use of food waste (FW), there are mixed consumer perceptions regarding pork quality harvested from pigs fed FW. Twenty crossbred pigs were selected for the present study. Ten pigs were fed a conventional diet (control group), and the other 10 pigs were given a conventional diet and FW (FW group) during different growth stages. Meat quality in the FW group showed deteriorative qualities with higher lightness and yellowness synonymous to pale soft exudative meat. Drip loss in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group (p<0.01). The contents of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the FW group were higher and those of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids were lower than those in the control group. The contents of thiobarbituric acid were significantly different between the control and FW groups (p<0.05). There was also a significant difference between the control and FW groups in terms of off-flavor (p<0.05) after sensory evaluation. To conclude, the off-flavor noted, including other inferior pork quality traits, in the FW group implies that FW should not be used as swine feed.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.23-27
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• 2008

The Korean native black pig (KNP) have several desirable meat qualities, which are highly demanded by Koreans in spite of its slow growth rate, low feed efficiency, and small litter size. The aim of this study was to evaluate meat quality and fatty acid composition of KNP at different slaughter weight in order to provide information to industry. Ninety female KNP of the same age (220 days) were divided into three groups by live body weights (30 pigs per each group); live weight of 50$\sim$59 kg (T1), 60$\sim$69 kg (T2) and 70$\sim$80 kg (T3), respectively. After slaughtering the longissimus dorsi muscle (LD) and backfat from each group were obtained after 24 hr chilling. Crude protein content and shear force of LD from T3 was higher than that from T1 and pH of LD was significantly lower in that from T1 than from T2 and T3. Color measurement indicated that LD of T2 group had a higher $L^*$-value and lower $a^*$-value than those of T1 and T3. Slaughter weight of KNP generally did not affect the fatty acid composition of LD and backfat but the content of oleic acid (C18:1) of T2 in LD was significantly higher than those of T1 and T3. The results may provide basic information to industry to promote the production and processing of KNP, and assist in meeting the Korean consumer's demand.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.414-419
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• 2008

A feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of the addition of corn distiller's dried grains with solubles (DDGS) to broiler diets on growth performance and meat characteristics. A total of 3,200 d-old, unsexed Cobb-500 broiler chicks were randomly allotted to 16 pens (replicates), with 200 chicks per pen. There were four diet treatments (0, 5, 10, and 15% DDGS), and four replicates per treatment. From 8 to 21 d of age, the birds were fed broiler starter diets containing similar energy (TMEn 3,100 kcal/kg) and protein (21.6%) contents. From 22 to 35 d of age, they were fed grower diets containing similar nutrients (3,150 kcal/kg, 19.5% crude protein). No significant difference was found in growth performances among the four treatments. As the DDGS level increased, the concentration of unsaturated fatty acids in meat increased (p<0.05). The color scores of breast and thigh muscles were not significantly influenced by DDGS, however, the yellowness of shank increased significantly by the addition of DDGS. The hardness of breast and thigh meats was not affected by the addition of DDGS. It was shown that the use of DDGS in broiler diets up to 15% could decrease the feed cost by replacing part of corn and soybean meal, without any negative effect on growth performance and meat qualities.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권9호
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• pp.1374-1383
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• 2003

The effect of applying edible coating and addition of antioxidants (butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) plus butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) in a 1:1 ratio) on pork patties were investigated prior to achieve desired physico-chemical, microbiological and sensory qualities. For this, five treatments were conducted as (i) control (neither coated nor antioxidants treated); (ii) coated without antioxidants treated; (iii) coated and antioxidants added in the batter mix only (100 ppm); (iv) coated and antioxidants added in meat mix (100 ppm) only; and (v) coated and antioxidants added both in the batter mix (50 ppm) and the meat mix (50 ppm). Addition of antioxidants both in the batter mix and the meat mix significantly (p<0.05) reduced the microbial loads and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) values. The TBA values significantly (p<0.05) increased up to day 14 and then progressively increased with the advancement of each interval of storage days up to 28 days. Total plate count significantly (p<0.05) increased with the increase in storage days.Coliform and Staphylococcus aureus were absent throughout the storage days in all samples. Staphylococcus aureus however, were present in the control group at day 14 and in enrobed (coated) patties (without antioxidants treated) at 28th day. Addition of antioxidants to batter mix and meat mix did not substantially enhance bacteriostatic activity. Application of coatings and antioxidants retarded the loss of firmness, flavor, changes in appearance and color, and also other sensory attributes. Control patties were better with respect to microbial quality and TBA values but had poorer sensory quality than coated patties.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.759-765
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• 2005

This study was carried out to investigate the feeding effects of fermented wild grape by-product on pork meat qualities. The samples consisted of the pork not fed fermented wild grape byproduct(FWG-X) and the pork fed fermented wild grape byproduct(FWG-O). The moisture, crude protein, crude fat and crude ash were not significantly different between samples. The cholesterol and TBARS of FWG-O were lower than those of the FWG-X, and the salt soluble protein extractability of FWG-O was higher than that of the FWG-X(p<0.05). The calorie, cooking loss, water holding capacity, pH and volatile basic nitrogen were not significantly different between FWG-X and FWG-O. The meat colors of the a and b value of FWG-O were higher than those of the FWG-X, and in case of the fat color, the a value of FWG-O was higher than that of the FWG-X. The hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess, chewiness and shear force were not significantly different between FWG-X and FWG-O. The total amino acid contents of FWG-X and FWG-O were 74.35 and 69.59g/100g protein, respectively, The raw meat color of FWG-O was higher than that of the FWG(p<0.01), and the cooked meat color(p<0.05), taste(p<0.001), flavor(p<0.001), juiciness(p<0.01) and palatability(p<0.01) were superior to those of the FWG-X. This study showed that fermented wild grape by-product decreased the cholesterol content and lipid oxidation with enhancing the sensory score.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.43-52
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• 1978

It is well known that water holding capacity plays an important role in processing such meat products as frankfurter-type sausage and fish meat paste products as kamaboko and fish sausage. Consumer qualities of meat products, such as appearance, flavor, as well as drip and shrinkage on cooking, depend greatly on the degree of water binding. In this paper, the water holding capacities of fish paste and salt added paste of white corvenia, Argyrosomus argentatus and file fish, Novodon modestus were measured by centrifuging and press method before and after cooking. And the effects of the addition of phosphates and starch to enhance water binding and stabilize gel formation were also discussed. In addition, the experimental conditions which are suitable to determine the water binding of fish meat paste product were suggested. The results were expressed in percent of water absorbed by the filter paper when pressed or released by pressor or centrifuge to the weight of sample. From the results. a proper condition to measure the water holding capacity of fish meat paste was that 3.0 g of sample which was previously added with 10 percent water was centrifuged at 13,400 G or 12,000 rpm for 15 minutes for the centriguging method and for press method, 0.3 g sample with 10 percent of water added was extracted by an oil pressor at $30\;kg/cm^2$ for 1 minute. Water holding capacity of fresh paste of white corvenia was relatively higher than that of file fish and the difference between species of fish was greater than the difference between measurments by two methods. Sodium chloride had a great effect on enhancing the water holding capacity of fish meat paste giving better effect when 3.0 percent of salt was added. Phosphates used except calcium phosphate revealed a certain enhancement in water binding, yielding best effect at 0.3 percent addition, and metaphosphate seemed to be more effective in order. The addition of corn starch, however, appeared to be not so effective for enhancement of water binding in fresh-salt-added fish meat paste but in cooked fish paste which might be attributed to absorption of water by starch grain and swelling during the heating and consequently enforced gel strength of cooked fish paste. And the water holding capacity of cooked fish paste was proportionally related to its gel strength.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.117-121
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• 2007

To optimize the mixing ratio of ingredients to obtain the best sensory qualities, a response surface methodology with a central composite design was performed on hot water extracts using crucian carp Carassius carassius treated with diluted vinegar (pH 5.24-5.30). The optimal solutions for four parameters (overall acceptability, odor, flavor, and taste) were obtained using the second-order response surface regression models. The optimal formulation appeared to be 124.15 g of ginger and 96.09 g of garlic with 1 kg of ground crucian carp meat based on the desirability function technique.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.191-195
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• 2003

We investigated the effects of gamma irradiation on the microbiological, chemical and sensory qualities of bulgogi, a traditional Korean meat product. Gamma irradiation reduced the number of coliform bacteria and bacterial colonies counted in Salmonella-Shigella selective agar to a non-detectable level. Thermophillic microorganisms (mainly Bacillus spp.) in bolgogi refrigerated for 20 days were also significantly reduced by 3 log cycles by 2.5 to 7.5 kGy of irradiation, compared to the control. Electron donating ability and shear force of ready-to-cook bulgogi was not significantly affected by gamma irradiation. Irradiation increased the 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) value. The irradiated, raw, ready-to-cook bulgogi had significantly higher scores in color and appearance than those of non-irradiated controls from sensory evaluation. The overall acceptance of cooked bulgogi had higher scores in non-irradiated or 2.5 kGy-irradiated bulgogi than the 5.0- or 7.5-kGy irradiated counterparts. In conclusion, irradiation at 2.5 kGy is recommended as a method to improve shelf-life, safety, and to achieve acceptable quality of ready-to-cook bulgogi without any adverse changes in the sensory characteristics.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.839-848
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 인진쑥의 건조 분말을 육성기－비육기의 거세돈 및 암퇘지(LY×D)의 평균체중이 50.37kg일 때부터 출하시까지 90일간 처리하였을 때 도체특성, 일반성분, 콜레스테롤 함량, 육질특성에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위해 실시하였다. 일반사료에 인진쑥 분말을 급여사료 기준으로 C(0%), T1(0.5%), T2(1.0%), T3(1.5%) 처리하였다. 도체중의 경우 T2 및 T3의 증체량이 대조구보다 유의적으로 높게 나타났으나(p<0.05), 등지방 두께 및 도체 등급의 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 수분, 지방, 회분, 콜레스테롤 함량은 시험구간의 유의적인 차이가 나타나지 않았으나(p>0.05), T2 및 T3의 단백질 함량이 대조구보다 유의적으로 높은 값을 나타내었다(p<0.05). pH, WHC, 가열감량신선육 및 지방의 전단가의 유의적인 차이가 나타나지 않았다(p>0.05). 육색 및 지방의 백색도(CIE L*)는 T2 및 T3가 유의적으로 높게 나타났으나(p<0.01), 육색 및 지방의 적색도(CIE a*) 및 황색도(CIE b*)가 유의적인 차이가 나타나지 않았으며(p>0.05), 전단가의 유의적인 차이가 나타나지 않았다(p>0.05).

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.352-362
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• 1985

고등어를 원료로 하여 어묵을 제조할 때의 최적가공조건을 밝히기 위하여, 원료어의 저장조건 및 선도, 원료육의 수세조건, 알칼리 세척처리, 원료육의 혈합육비율, 고기풀의 setting조건, 가열온도 및 시간, 냉동고기풀의 저장 기간 등이 어묵형성능 및 그 물성에 미치는 영향에 대하여 연구검토하였다. 1. 원료어를 $25^{\circ}C$에 저장한 것은 선도 및 어묵형성능의 저하가 급격하여 어묵의 겔강도의 경우 5시간 저장한 것은 대조구의 약 l/2, 15시간 저장한것은 약 1/5로 떨어지고, 절곡시험, 관능검사 및 terture에 있어서도 비슷한 경향을 나타내었다. 원료어를 빙장한 것은 저장 1일째 까지는 비교적 어묵형성능이 유지되었으나, 저장 2일을 넘어서면 크게 감소하였다. $-3^{\circ}C$에서 partial freezing을 한 것과 특히 $-20^{\circ}C$에서 동결저장한 것은 어묵형성능의 저하가 비교적 완만하여 겔강도의 1일 평균저하율은 전자는 약$6.5\%$, 후자는 약 $4.5\%$를 나타내었다. 전반적으로 저장 기간에 따른 어묵형성능의 저하는 고등어가 정어리에 비하여 비교적 완만하였다. 2. 원료육을 3회 수선한 것은 지방은 약 $55\%$, 수용성단백질은 약 $60\%$가 제거되었으며, 어묵의 물성도 3회 수세한 것이 가장 양호하였고 5회 이상의 수세를 한 것은 물성이 약간 떨어지는 경향을 나타내었다. 3. 원료육의 알칼리 세척에 있어서 $0.5{\sim}0.7\%$ 탄산수소나트륨용액으로 세척하는 경우가 어묵형성능이 가장 양호하였으며, 이 때의 원료육의 pH는 $6.9{\sim}7.0$이었다. 4. 원료육의 혈합육비율이 $5\%$만 되어도 어묵의 물성은 크게 저하하였으며, 혈합육혼화에 따른 어묵물성의 저하는 정어리의 경우에 비하여 훨씬 크게 나타났다. 5. 고기풀의 setting조건은 $5^{\circ}C$에서는 15시간, $30^{\circ}C$에서는 2시간 처리하는 경우가 어묵형성능이 가장 좋았다. 6. setting한 원료육의 가열조건은 $90^{\circ}C$에서 40분간 가열하는 경우가 어묵형성능이 가장 좋았다. 7, 고등어 냉동 고기풀은 $-30^{\circ}C$에서 30일간 동결저장하여도 어묵형성능에 큰 변화를 나타내지 않았으나, 50일간 저장한 것의 겔강도는 대조구의 약 $87\%$를 나타내었다.