• 제목/요약/키워드: Meat Yield

검색결과 407건 처리시간 0.031초

돈육 후지를 머리고기로 대체한 햄버거 패티의 품질 특성 (Quality Characteristics of Replacing Pork Hind Leg with Pork Head Meat for Hamburger Patties)

  • 최윤상;전기홍;구수경;성정민;최현욱;서동호;김천제;김영붕
    • 한국식품조리과학회지
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    • 제32권1호
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    • pp.58-64
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    • 2016
  • 본 연구는 돈육 후지 부위를 영양학적으로 우수한 머리고기로 대체한 햄버거 패티의 품질 특성을 파악하여, 경제적이면서 고품질의 햄버거 패티를 개발하고자 연구를 실시하였다. 수분 함량, 명도, 적색도, 황색도, 가열수율 및 보수력은 머리고기 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 감소하는 추세를 나타냈으나, 지방 함량 및 회분 함량은 대조구와 머리고기를 첨가한 처리구간에 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 또한 머리고기 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 단백질 함량, pH, 직경감소율, 두께감소율 및 전단력은 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 관능적 특성도 색 및 풍미에서 대조구와 비교하여 15%까지 머리고기를 첨가한 처리구(T1, T2, T3)에서는 유의적인 차이가 인정되지 않았으며, 전체적인 기호도에서는 대조구와 비교하여 머리고기를 10%까지 첨가한 처리구에서 유의차가 나타나지 않았다. 따라서, 활용도가 낮은 돈육 부산물 중 머리고기를 활용하여 햄버거 패티를 제조할 시 머리고기의 첨가량이 10% 이하로 첨가하는 것이 햄버거 패티의 품질 및 관능적으로 우수한 식육제품을 제조할 수 있을 것으로 보여진다.

Effects of Stocking Density or Group Size on Intake, Growth, and Meat Quality of Hanwoo Steers (Bos taurus coreanae)

  • Lee, Sang-Moo;Kim, Jae-Yeon;Kim, Eun-Joong
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제25권11호
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    • pp.1553-1558
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    • 2012
  • This study was conducted to investigate the effects of stocking density or group size on feed intake, daily gain, and carcass characteristics of Hanwoo (Korean indigenous breed) steers reared from 7 months to 31 months of age. Thirty Hanwoo steers were divided into four groups with three replicates each (a total of 12 pens). In each group, one (G1), two (G2), three (G3), and four steers (G4) per pen were allocated as treatments. Pen size was $32.0m^2$, and therefore Hanwoo steers in G1, G2, G3, and G4 were reared under different space allowances, i.e. 32.0, 16.0, 10.6, and $8.0m^2$/steer, respectively. Steers were reared following a conventional beef cattle management method in Korea, and were offered a fixed amount of commercial concentrate with ad libitum forages. Results were subjected to analysis of variance with stocking density as the main effect, and significance was declared at p<0.05. Although total feed intake was not significantly altered, it numerically increased in animals of low stocking density (G1) compared to those subjected to high stocking density treatment (i.e. G4). Feed conversion ratio was higher (p<0.05) in G3 compared to G1 and G2. Animals in G1 (low stocking density) grew faster (p<0.05) than those of high stocking density (G3 and G4). Back fat thickness, meat yield index, and meat yield grade were similar among all levels of stocking density. However, longissimus muscle area was larger in G1 and G2 (p<0.01) compared to G3 and G4, and animals in G3 produced smaller carcasses (p<0.05). Carcass quality traits, including marbling score, meat color, fat color, texture, maturity and meat quality grade, as determined by a group of experts, were not significantly different among the treatments. In conclusion, lower stocking density resulted in increased feed efficiency, daily gain, and carcass weight in Hanwoo steers. However it remains unclear whether such differences are the results of stocking density or group size, or a combination of both. Nonetheless, these results confirm previous studies reporting a negative effect of increased stocking density on animal productivity. Further, animal welfare under an intensive farming system in relation to economical return is discussed.

Effect of the Length of Feed Withdrawal on Weight Loss, Yield and Meat Color of Broiler

  • Kim, D.H.;Yoo, Y.M.;Kim, S.H.;Jang, B.G.;Park, B.Y.;Cho, S.H.;Seong, P.N.;Hah, K.H.;Lee, J.M.;Kim, Y.K.;Hwang, I.H.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제20권1호
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    • pp.106-111
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    • 2007
  • The current study was conducted to determine the optimum length of feed withdrawal for pre-harvest broilers. A total of three hundred broilers were sampled from an industrial population, and 30 chicks for each weight group (e.g., 1.5 and 2.5 kg) were randomly assigned to feed withdrawal treatments for 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 h. Weight loss, yield, muscle pH, objective meat color and weights of gastro intestinal contents, crop, gizzard, provenriculus, small intestine, caecum, and rectum were determined. Live weight loss was significantly (p<0.05) increased as length of feed withdrawal extended. A significant (p<0.05) carcass yield for both 1.5 and 2.5 kg groups coincided after 9 and 6 h feed withdrawal, respectively. Net weights of intestinal contents for crop and gizzard were significantly (p<0.05) reduced by 6 h, and the reduction for proventriculus and small intestine occurred from 3 h. A noticeable effect of feed withdrawal on pH for breast muscle at 3 h postmortem occurred only when chicks were fasted for 3 h of which pH (6.05) was significantly (p<0.05) higher than that for other groups including the control (5.74). There was a linear tendency of higher lightness (Hunter L* value) numerically for chicks fasted for longer periods. The highest coefficient of determinations of regression models to estimate weight loss as a function of fasting period and body weights were achieved, when the models included both linear and quadratic terms for fasting period, and linear term for both 1.5 ($R^2=0.76$) and 2.5 kg ($R^2=0.78$) body weight groups. Given the practical aspect, approximately 1.5 kg of body weight is dominant, weight loss could be predicted by the following function; live weight $loss=26.6-0.28{\times}(fasting period)^2+12.34{\times}pasting\;period-0.012{\times}body\;weight$, $R^2=0.76$. Current data implied that the optimum fasting time for pre-slaughter chicks varied depending on slaughter weight; 6 and 9-h fasting were recommendable for 2.5 and 1.5 kg chicks, with little effect on objective meat color.

Reduction of slaughter age of Hanwoo steers by early genotyping based on meat yield index

  • Jeong, Chang Dae;Islam, Mahfuzul;Kim, Jong-Joo;Cho, Yong-Il;Lee, Sang-Suk
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제33권5호
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    • pp.770-777
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    • 2020
  • Objective: This study was conducted to determine early hereditary endowment to establish a short-term feeding program. Methods: Hanwoo steers (n = 140) were equally distributed into four groups (35/group) based on genetic meat yield index (MYI) viz. the greatest, great, low, and the lowest at Jukam Hanwoo farm, Goheung. All animals were fed in group pens (5 animals/pen) with similar feed depending on the growth stage. Rice straw was provided ad libitum, whereas concentrate was fed at 5.71 kg during the growing period (6 to 13 mo) and 9.4 kg during the fattening period (13 to 28 mo). Body weight (BW) was measured at two-month intervals, whereas carcass weight was determined at slaughtering at about 31 months of age. The Affymetrix Bovine Axiom Array 640K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chip was used to determine the meat quantity-related gene in the blood. Results: After 6 months, the highest (p<0.05) BW was observed in the greatest MYI group (190.77 kg) and the lowest (p<0.05) in the lowest MYI group (173.51 kg). The great MYI group also showed significantly (p<0.05) higher BW than the lowest MYI group. After 16 and 24 months, the greatest MYI group had the highest BW gain (p<0.05) and were therefore slaughtered the earliest. Carcass weight was significantly (p<0.05) higher in the greatest and the great MYI groups followed by the low and the lowest MYI groups. Back-fat thickness in the greatest MYI group was highly correlated to carcass weight and marbling score. The SNP array analysis identified the carcass-weight related gene BTB-01280026 with an additive effect. The steers with the allele increasing carcass weight had heavier slaughter weight of about 12 kg. Conclusion: Genetic MYI is a potential tool for calf selection, which will reduce the slaughter age while simultaneously increasing carcass weight, back-fat thickness, and marbling score.

한우 CLMN 유전자 exon 8번 영역의 신규 단일염기다형과 근내지방도의 연관성에 관한 연구 (A Novel SNP in the Exon 8 Region of the CLMN Gene and Its Association with Marbling Score in Hanwoo)

  • 신성철;정의룡
    • 생명과학회지
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    • 제29권12호
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    • pp.1314-1320
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    • 2019
  • 본 연구는 한우 CLMN 유전자 exon 8번 영역의 단일염기다형과 육량 및 육질형질과의 연관성을 평가하기 위해 수행하였다. 또한, 한우 등심조직에서 근육 내 지방함량의 극명한 차이를 나타내는 고지방육 그룹과 저지방육 그룹 간 CLMN 유전자의 발현양상을 비교 분석하였다. 그 결과 CLMN 유전자는 고지방육 그룹에서 더 높게 발현되었다. 한우 CLMN 유전자의 exon 8번 영역에서 총 9개의 단일염기다형을 검출하였으며, 이들 SNP의 유전자형과 육량 및 육질형질과의 연관성을 평가하기 위해 direct-sequencing 분석을 통하여 각 개체별 SNP genotyping을 수행하였다. 그 결과, exon 8번 영역 내에 존재하는 g.23249G>C SNP가 근내지방도 형질과 유의적인 연관성이 있는 것으로 분석되었다 즉, CC 및 GC 유전자형을 가진 개체들은 GG 유전자형을 가진 개체들에 비해 유의적으로 더 높은 근내지방도를 갖는 것으로 분석되었다. 연관불평형 분석을 통해 CLMN 유전자의 haplotype을 구성하고 육량 및 육질형질과의 연관성을 분석한 결과 근내지방도와 유의적 연관성이 입증되었다. 즉, CC-CC haplotype(g.23249G>C and g.23465T>C SNPs)을 가진 개체들이 CT 및 GT haplotype을 갖는 개체들에 비해 유의적으로 더 높은 근내지방도를 갖는 것을 확인하였다. 따라서 본 연구에서 발굴된 CLMN 유전자의 SNP는 육량과 육질형질이 우수한 한우를 선발하기 위한 분자 마커로 활용 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

Comparison of Drying Yield, Meat Quality, Oxidation Stability and Sensory Properties of Bone-in Shell Loin Cut by Different Dry-aging Conditions

  • Cho, Soohyun;Kang, Sun-Moon;Kim, Yun-Seok;Kim, Young-Chun;Ba, Hoa Van;Seo, Hyun-Woo;Lee, Eun-Mi;Seong, Pil-Nam;Kim, Jin-Hyoung
    • 한국축산식품학회지
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    • 제38권6호
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    • pp.1131-1143
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    • 2018
  • This study aimed to investigate the drying yield, meat quality, oxidation stability and sensory properties of Hanwoo beef loin subjected to different dry-aging conditions. A total of 54 Hanwoo beef loins (bone-in, $6^{th}-13^{th}$ ribs) with fat cover at 2 d postmortem were assigned to four groups and hung in a dry-aging room at a controlled temperature ($2^{\circ}C-4^{\circ}C$), humidity (65%-85%) and air velocity (3 m/s). Four treatment conditions were tested; the respective temperature, humidity and treatment duration are as follows: T1, $2^{\circ}C$, 85%, 60 d; T2, $2^{\circ}C$, 65%, $20d+2^{\circ}C$, 75%, $20d+4^{\circ}C$, 85%, 20 d; T3, $2^{\circ}C$, 75%, $20d+4^{\circ}C$, 85%, 40 d; T4, $4^{\circ}C$, 85%, 60 d. The drying yield, total aerobic counts and fat contents increased, whereas the moisture content, meat color (CIE $L^*$, $a^*$, and $b^*$), and Warner-Bratzler shear force values decreased significantly during the aging period for all treatments (p<0.05). The cooking loss (%) did not change significantly until 40 d, and it was significantly higher in T1 and T4 than in T2 and T3 at 60 d (p<0.05). The water-holding capacity, pH and lipid oxidation [thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) values] increased during aging (p<0.05). The sensory scores for tenderness, juiciness, flavor, and overall acceptability of dry-aged loin muscles increased as the aging period increased. T2 and T3 had significantly higher sensory scores and T1 had significantly lower scores for tenderness, juiciness, flavor, and overall acceptability at 20, 40, and 60 d for loin muscles (p<0.05).

Interaction effects of glycine equivalent and standardized ileal digestible threonine in low protein diets for broiler grower chickens

  • Paschal Chukwudi Aguihe;Amanda Barroso Castelani;Camilo Ivan Ospina-Rojas;Eustace Ayemere Iyayi;Paulo Cesar Pozza;Alice Eiko Murakami
    • Animal Bioscience
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    • 제37권6호
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    • pp.1053-1064
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    • 2024
  • Objective: This study aims to investigate the interactive effect of a glycine equivalent (Glyequi) and standardized ileal digestible threonine (SID Thr) levels in low crude protein diets on performance, blood biochemistry, pectoral muscular creatine content and oxidative stability of meat in broiler chickens from 21 to 42 days. Methods: A total of 1,500, twenty-one-day-old Cobb-Vantress male broiler chickens were distributed in a completely randomized 5×3 factorial arrangement of Glyequi×SID Thr with five replicates of 20 birds each. Fifteen dietary treatments of 16.5% CP were formulated to contain five levels of total Glyequi (1.16%, 1.26%, 1.36%, 1.46%, and 1.56%) and three levels of SID Thr (0.58%; 0.68% and 0.78%). Results: Interaction effects (p<0.05) of Glyequi and SID Thr levels were observed for weight gain, carcass yield, pectoral muscular creatine content and serum uric acid. Higher levels of Glyequi increased (p = 0.040) weight gain in 0.58% and 0.68% SID Thr diets compare to the 0.78% SID Thr diet. The SID Thr level at 0.68% improved (p = 0.040) feed conversion compared to other SID Thr diets. Levels of Glyequi equal to or above 1.26% in diets with 0.78% SID Thr resulted in birds with higher (p = 0.033) pectoral muscular creatine content. The breast meat yield observed in the 0.68% SID Thr diet was higher (p = 0.05) compared to the 0.58% SID Thr diet. There was a quadratic effect of Glyequi levels for pectoral pectoral muscular creatine content (p = 0.008), breast meat yield (p = 0.030), and serum total protein concentrations (p = 0.040), and the optimal levels were estimated to be 1.47%, 1.35%, and 1.40% Glyequi, respectively. The lowest (p = 0.050) concentration of malondialdehyde in the breast meat was found in 0.68% SID Thr diets at 1.36% Glyequi. Conclusion: The minimum dietary level of Glyequi needed to improve performance in low crude protein diets is 1.26% with adequate SID Thr levels for broiler chickens.

Effect of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase α(ACACA) Gene on Carcass Traits in Hanwoo (Korean Cattle)

  • Shin, Sung-Chul;Heo, Jae-Pil;Chung, Eui-Ryong
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제24권6호
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    • pp.744-751
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    • 2011
  • Meat production and quality traits in beef cattle are largely affected by genetic factors. Acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase-${\alpha}$ (ACACA) plays a key role in the regulation and metabolism of fatty acid biosynthesis in mammalian animals. The gene encoding ACACA enzyme was chosen as a candidate gene for carcass and meat traits. In this study, we investigated effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ACACA gene on beef carcass and meat traits in Hanwoo (Korean cattle) populations. We have sequenced a fragment of intron I region of the Hanwoo ACACA gene and identified two SNPs. Genotyping of the two SNP markers (g.2344T>C and g.2447C>A) was carried out using PCR-SSCP analysis in 309 Hanwoo steers to evaluate their association with carcass and meat production traits. The g.2344C SNP marker showed a significant increasing effect on LW (p = 0.009) and CW (p = 0.017). Animals with the CC genotype had higher CW and LW compared with TT and TC genotypes (p<0.05). The g.2447A SNP marker was associated with higher MC (p = 0.019). Animals with the AA genotype had higher MC than animals with CC and CA genotypes (p<0.05). Although the degree of linkage disequilibrium (LD) was not strong between g.2344T>C and g.2447C>A in the LD analysis, four major haplotype classes were formed with two SNP information within the ACACA gene. We constructed haplotypes using the HaploView software package program and analyzed association between haplotypes and carcass traits. The haplotype of ACACA gene significantly affected the LW (p = 0.027), CW (p = 0.041) and MC (p = 0.036). The effect of h1 haplotype on LW and CW was larger than that of h3 haplotype. Animals with the h1 haplotype also had greater MC than did animals with h2 haplotype. Consequently, the ACACA gene could be useful as a DNA marker for meat production traits such as carcass yield and meat contents in Hanwoo.

The Incidence of Muscle Abnormalities in Broiler Breast Meat - A Review

  • Huang, Xi;Ahn, Dong Uk
    • 한국축산식품학회지
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    • 제38권5호
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    • pp.835-850
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    • 2018
  • The dramatic improvements in the growth rate and breast muscle size and yield in broilers through the intensive genetic selection, and the improvement in nutrition and management over the past 50 years have introduced serious abnormalities that influenced the quality of breast meat. The abnormalities include pale-soft-exudative (PSE) conditions, deep pectoral muscle (DPM) myopathy, spaghetti meat (SM), white striping (WS), and woody breast (WB) that have serious negative implications to the broiler meat industry. The incidences of PSE and DPM have been known for several decades, and their prevalence, etiology and economic impact have been well discussed. However, other abnormalities such as SM, WS and WB conditions have been reported just for few years although these conditions have been known for some time. The newly emerging quality issues in broilers are mainly associated with the Pectoralis major muscles, and the incidences have been increased dramatically in some regions of the world in recent years. As high as 90% of the broilers are affected by the abnormalities, which are expected to cause from $200 million to $1 billion economic losses to the U.S. poultry industry per year. So, this review mainly discusses the histopathological characteristics and biochemical changes in the breast muscles with the emphasis on the newly emerging abnormalities (SM, WS, and WB) although other abnormalities are also discussed. The impacts of the anomalies on the nutritional, functional, mechanical and sensory quality of the meat and their implications to the poultry industry are discussed.

Effects of Tethering and Loose Housing on the Meat Quality of Hanwoo Bulls

  • Lee, Sung Ki;Panjono, Panjono;Kang, Sun Moon;Jung, Youn Bok;Kim, Tae Sil;Lee, Ik Sun;Song, Young Han;Kang, Chang-Gie
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제21권12호
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    • pp.1807-1814
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    • 2008
  • This study was carried out to investigate the effects of housing system on the carcass and meat qualities of Hanwoo (Korean cattle) bulls. Fourteen 6 months-old male calves were randomly divided into two groups. The first group was individually tethered using double neck-bar tethers. The second group was collectively loose-housed in the pen. They were raised for 15 months prior to slaughter. At 24 h post-slaughter chilling, the carcasses were weighed and evaluated by official grader for carcass traits. At 48 h post-slaughter chilling, the M. longissimus at the $12-13^{th}$ thoracic vertebra from each carcass was collected and stored at $4{\pm}0.2^{\circ}C$ for 7 days for meat quality analysis. There were no significant differences in dressing percentage and carcass yield index between groups. Meat from loose bulls had lower marbling score (p<0.05) and fat content (p<0.01) but higher PUFA concentration (p<0.001) than that from tethered bulls. There were no significant differences physical and sensory properties, aroma pattern, TBARS value, metmyoglobin concentration and CIE color values during refrigerated storage between groups. Compared to tethering, loose-housing bulls produced lower fat content and healthier meat without different physical properties, acceptability, and lipid and color stabilities.