• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.240-249
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• 2020

This study reviews studies that used skin temperature in order to establish an emotion evaluation protocol based on skin temperature for home appliances. A survey of skin temperature evaluation papers was conducted by the following five stages: (1) keyword search, (2) title screening, (3) abstract screening, (4) full paper screening, and (5) relevance evaluation. Selected papers were reviewed for: purpose, recruitment criteria of participants, the number of participants, apparatus, procedure, measures, analysis methods, and major findings. Thermistor sensors and thermography are used for the measurement of skin temperature. Skin temperature sensors are attached to 4 - 10 locations on the body and their mean of skin temperature is calculated by Ramanatan's 4-point or Hardy & Dubois's 7-point method. Semantic differential (SD) method and thermography measuring facial surface temperature have been used for emotion evaluation. The SD method provides a set of adjective pairs related to a product and evaluates changes in emotion from the use of the product. The range of facial surface analyzed is defined in the thermal image and temperature changes before and after the evaluation are analyzed. The evaluation items of home appliances include form, color, material, aesthetics, satisfaction, novelty, convenience, pleasantness, and excellence. Many existing emotion studies using skin temperature do not apply physiological and psychological methods. This study provides basic data to establish a skin temperature and emotion evaluation protocol by examining literature for skin temperature and evaluation of sensitivity.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.194-199
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• 2012

In addition to single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP), copy number variation (CNV) is a major component of human genetic diversity. Among many whole-genome analysis platforms, SNP arrays have been commonly used for genomewide CNV discovery. Recently, a number of CNV defining algorithms from SNP genotyping data have been developed; however, due to the fundamental limitation of SNP genotyping data for the measurement of signal intensity, there are still concerns regarding the possibility of false discovery or low sensitivity for detecting CNVs. In this study, we aimed to verify the effect of combining multiple CNV calling algorithms and set up the most reliable pipeline for CNV calling with Affymetrix Genomewide SNP 5.0 data. For this purpose, we selected the 3 most commonly used algorithms for CNV segmentation from SNP genotyping data, PennCNV, QuantiSNP; and BirdSuite. After defining the CNV loci using the 3 different algorithms, we assessed how many of them overlapped with each other, and we also validated the CNVs by genomic quantitative PCR. Through this analysis, we proposed that for reliable CNV-based genomewide association study using SNP array data, CNV calls must be performed with at least 3 different algorithms and that the CNVs consistently called from more than 2 algorithms must be used for association analysis, because they are more reliable than the CNVs called from a single algorithm. Our result will be helpful to set up the CNV analysis protocols for Affymetrix Genomewide SNP 5.0 genotyping data.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제26권11C호
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• pp.51-63
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• 2001

분산 환경에서 멀티미디어 서비스가 활성화됨에 따라 다양한 멀티미디어 통신 기술 개발의 필요성이 제기되고 있다. 분산 환경에서 멀티미디어 스트림의 효율적인 전송과 멀티캐스팅 및 멀티미디어 응용의 상호운용성 등을 지원하기 위하여 개방형 멀티미디어 전용 통신 시스템의 개발과 멀티미디어 스트림의 제어 및 관리 방안의 제공이 요구되고 있다. 분산 환경에서 멀티미디어 스트림의 실시간 전송을 지원하기 위하여 RTP, RSVP, RTSP 등의 프로토콜들이 표준화된 바 있고, 멀티미디어 응용의 상호운용성과 스트림의 제어 및 관리 기능을 지원하기 위한 분산 처리를 위한 플랫폼으로서 OMG의 CORBA, DAVIC의 DSM-CC 등이 밭표된 바 있다. 본 논문에서는 멀티미디어 스트림의 실시간 전송, 제어 및 관리와 멀티미디어 응용의 상호운용성을 지원할 수 있는 CORBA 기반의 분산 멀티미디어 통신 시스템을 소개하고, 본 시스템과 VoD 시스템의 연동을 통한 QoS 측정 결과를 제시한다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제36권9A호
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• pp.801-808
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• 2011

본 논문은 무선랜 메쉬 네트워크 링크 품질 측정 정확성 향상을 위한 MBAP(Multi-rate Broadcast Active Probing) 방법을 제안한다. 라우팅을 위한 척도로 홉수를 주로 사용하는 MANET과 달리 메쉬 네트워크는 ETX, ETT 등의 링크 품질 기반의 척도를 주로 사용한다. ETX. ETT 등의 측정을 위해 기존 연구들에서는 단일 전송률 브로트캐스트 기반의 측정 방법을 사용한다. 하지만 이 방법은 다양한 전송률을 가질 수 있는 무선랜 링크의 품질을 제대로 반영하지 못하며 이는 적절하지 못한 경로 선택으로 귀결될 수 있다. MBAP는 다양한 전송률의 브로드캐스트를 사용함으로써 우선 링크 품질 측정의 정확성을 향상시켰다. 우리는 MBAP를 리눅스 기반의 링크계층에서 구현하였으며 실험을 통해 그 효용성을 검증하였다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.271-277
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• 2016

Objectives: In this study, we evaluated the influence of different radiant exposures provided by single-peak and polywave light-curing units (LCUs) on the degree of conversion (DC) and the mechanical properties of resin cements. Materials and Methods: Six experimental groups were established for each cement (RelyX ARC, 3M ESPE; LuxaCore Dual, Ivoclar Vivadent; Variolink, DMG), according to the different radiant exposures (5, 10, and $20J/cm^2$) and two LCUs (single-peak and polywave). The specimens were made (7 mm in length ${\times}$ 2 mm in width ${\times}$ 1 mm in height) using silicone molds. After 24 hours of preparation, DC measurement was performed using Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. The same specimens were used for the evaluation of mechanical properties (flexural strength, FS; elastic modulus, E) by a three-point bending test. Data were assessed for normality, after which two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc Tukey's test were performed. Results: No properties of the Variolink cement were influenced by any of the considered experimental conditions. In the case of the RelyX ARC cement, DC was higher when polywave LCU was used; FS and E were not influenced by the conditions evaluated. The LuxaCore cement showed greater sensitivity to the different protocols. Conclusions: On the basis of these results, both the spectrum of light emitted and the radiant exposure used could affect the properties of resin cements. However, the influence was material-dependent.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제80권4호
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• pp.344-350
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• 2017

Bronchial asthma is a disease characterized by the condition of airway hyper-responsiveness, which serves to produce narrowing of the airway secondary to airway inflammation and/or various spasm-inducing stimulus. Nonspecific bronchoprovocation testing is an important method implemented for the purpose of diagnosing asthma; this test measures the actual degree of airway hyper-responsiveness and utilizes direct and indirect bronchoprovocation testing. Direct bronchoprovocation testing using methacholine or histamine may have superior sensitivity as these substances directly stimulate the airway smooth muscle cells. On the other hand, this method also engenders the specific disadvantage of relatively low specificity. Indirect bronchoprovocation testing using mannitol, exercise, hypertonic saline, adenosine and hyperventilation serves to produce reactions in the airway smooth muscle cells by liberating mediators with stimulation of airway inflammatory cells. Therefore, this method has the advantage of high specificity and also demonstrates relatively low sensitivity. Direct and indirect testing both call for very precise descriptions of very specific measurement conditions. In addition, it has become evident that challenge testing utilizing each of the various bronchoconstrictor stimuli requires distinct and specific protocols. It is therefore important that the clinician understand the mechanism by which the most commonly used bronchoprovocation testing works. It is important that the clinician understand the mechanism of action in the testing, whether direct stimuli (methacholine) or indirect stimuli (mannitol, exercise) is implemented, when the testing is performed and the results interpreted.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신학회 2013년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.984-987
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• 2013

수처리 계측제어 시스템에서 네트워크의 재난대비나 유선망에 대한 백업개념 등으로 Ad-hoc 통신망 구축시 각 노드간의 송수신 데이터에 대한 높은 수준의 신뢰성과 보안성이 확보 되어야 한다. 이에 대해 일정 규모의 시설물이 집중된 폐쇄적 수처리 시설물의 FA망에 대한 Ad-hoc 통신망 구축시 일반적인 통신 프로토콜을 적용하기 보다는 사회기반 공공 설비인 수처리 시스템의 특성과 고정밀 산업플랜트와 같은 시간제약성을 고려하여, ZRP를 이용한 H-ARQ와 공정제어 명령 통신 프레임의 OTP를 활용한 별도의 특정 프로토콜을 적용함으로써 시설물 운영의 신뢰성과 보안성을 확보하고자 한다.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.233-259
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• 2017

Investigations on simulated near-surface atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) in an open-jet facility are carried out by conducting experimental tests on small-scale models of low-rise buildings. The objectives of the current study are: (1) to determine the optimal location of test buildings from the exit of the open-jet facility, and (2) to investigate the scale effect on the aerodynamic pressure characteristics. Based on the results, the newly built open-jet facility is well capable of producing mean wind speed and turbulence profiles representing open-terrain conditions. The results show that the proximity of the test model to the open-jet governs the length of the separation bubble as well as the peak roof pressures. However, test models placed at a horizontal distance of 2.5H (H is height of the wind field) from the exit of the open-jet, with a width that is half the width of the wind field and a length of 1H, have consistent mean and peak pressure coefficients when compared with available results from wind tunnel testing. In addition, testing models with as large as 16% blockage ratio is feasible within the open-jet facility. This reveals the importance of open-jet facilities as a robust tool to alleviate the scale restrictions involved in physical investigations of flow pattern around civil engineering structures. The results and findings of this study are useful for putting forward recommendations and guidelines for testing protocols at open-jet facilities, eventually helping the progress of enhanced standard provisions on the design of low-rise buildings for wind.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.7-13
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• 2017

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the inter-rater and intra-rater reliability of rehabilitative ultrasound imaging (RUSI) for measurement of muscle thickness with changes in angles of the gluteus maximus (GM) at rest and during contraction. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Twenty-two healthy men volunteered for this study. GM muscle images were obtained in the resting position and during prone hip extension with knee flexion at hip abduction angles of $0^{\circ}$ and $30^{\circ}$, respectively. Two examiners randomly measured the thickness of the GM twice in three different positions. The first position was a comfortable prone position. The second position was prone hip extension with knee flexion (PHEKF) to $90^{\circ}$. The third position was achieved by hanging a 1-kg weight on the ankle of the lifted leg during PHEKF with the angle of the lifted leg the same as the second position. Intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs), standard error measurements, and minimal detectable changes were used to estimate reliability. Results: The intra-rater reliability ICCs (95% confidence interval) of the GM were >0.870, indicating good reliability. Inter-rater reliability ICCs ranged from 0.668 to 0.913. The reliability of measurements of muscle thickness at each position was similar to the reliability of the angle change. Differences in muscle thickness and ratios for each position with $0^{\circ}$ and $30^{\circ}$ of hip abduction were not statistically significant. Conclusions: In the present study, the intra-rater reliability of muscle thickness measurements of the GM was good, and the inter-rater reliability was moderate to good. Reliable RUSI measurements of wide and large muscles, such as the GM muscle at rest and during contraction, are feasible. Further investigation is required to establish the reproducibility of the protocols presented in this study.

• 한국초등수학교육학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.621-641
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• 2017

장의존-장독립 인지 양식의 학습자가 수학 과제 유형별 의사소통 과정에서 나타내는 특성을 파악하여 학습자의 인지 양식과 수학 과제 유형이 수학적 의사소통에 미치는 영향을 파악하는 것이 본 연구의 목적이다. 이를 위해 학생의 인지 양식과 수학학습 성취 수준, 성별을 고려하여 초등학교 6학년 학생 8명을 장의존-장독립의 4인 1모둠으로 편성하였다. 각 모둠에 4가지 유형의 수학 과제를 제시하고 수학적 의사소통 과정을 통해 협력하여 해결하도록 하였다. 학생들의 수학적 의사소통 과정은 수학적 의사소통 활성화와 말하기, 듣기 과정의 특징으로 나누어 분석하였다. 그 결과 인지적 수준이 높은 수학 과제는 학생들의 유의미한 수학적 의사소통 활성화에 긍정적 영향을 미쳤다. 그리고 학습자의 인지 양식에 따른 과제 접근 방법의 차이는 말하기, 듣기 의사소통 과정에 영향을 주었다.