• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈E:수학교육논문집
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.201-227
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• 2022

한국 고등학교 학생들에게 적합한 수학불안 요인 측정도구를 개발하기 위하여 요인 탐색, 문항 개발, 타당도 및 신뢰도 검증의 단계로 연구를 실시하였다. 이를 위하여 문헌분석을 통해 기 개발되어 사용되어온 문항을 수정 보완하고, 학생들을 대상으로 한 개방형 조사를 통해 사교육 및 수학 교수 방법에 대한 시대적 배경을 반영한 신규 문항을 추가하였다. 개발된 측정문항에 대한 탐색적 요인분석과 확인적 요인분석을 통해 타당도를 검증하였으며, 연구 결과, 수학교과의 특성에 기인하는 불안 요인이 구체화되었고, 모둠학습이나 발표수업 등과 같은 교수학습 방법 등이 반영되었다.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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• 제56권4호
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• pp.407-434
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to develop and verify the TPACK measurement tool for middle and high school mathematics teachers in the Korean context. Also, by clarifying the relationship between subordinate factors of Mathematics teachers' TPACK, an attempt was made to provide suggestions on the designs and directions for the in-service and pre-service teacher education and the programs for improving mathematics teachers' TPACK in the future. In order to achieve this goal, TPACK factors of mathematics teachers were extracted by reviewing literature on PCK, MKT, and TPACK. Then, content validity, basic statistical survey, reliability verification, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equation model verification were conducted sequentially. At first, preliminary analysis was carried out on 79 mathematics teachers, and 76 items excluding the items with extreme value and reliability were included in the basic statistical analysis. And secondly, an exploratory factor analysis was conducted on 376 mathematics teachers, and this instrument consisted of 7 subordinate factors(CK, PK, TK, PCK, TCK, TPK, TPACK) and 61 items. Also by conducting confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation model test with 254 mathematics teachers, the measurement tool was confirmed the validity and reliability through statistically significant analysis. Then, the importance of integrated knowledge was confirmed by looking at the relationship between the TPACK factors of in-service mathematics teachers. The integrated knowledge(PCK, TCK, TPK) has played a crucial role in the formation of TPACK rather than the knowledge of CK, PK, and TK alone. Finally, the validity of TCK was confirmed through the structural equation modeling of TPACK. TCK not only directly affected TPACK, but also indirectly through TPK. According to these affirmative results, this measurement tool is claimed to be suitable for measuring the factors of Mathematics teachers' TPACK, and also the structural equation model can be regarded as a suitable model for analyzing the structural relationship of mathematics teachers' TPACK.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.298-306
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• 2005

Objectives : To develop measurement scales of Internet addiction, and propose a Korean Internet Addiction Index (K-IAI) and classification criteria for Internet addiction from the threshold scores developed. Methods : The identification of the concept of 'Internet addiction' was based on the literature review. To select the scales, an exploratory factor analysis was applied. A construct validation was tested by a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) with a structured equation model (SEM). In testing the validity of the classification criteria, ANOVA and non-recursive models with SEM were applied. Results : Out of 1,080 questionnaires distributed, 1,037 were returned,; a response rate of 96%. The Cronbach-$\alpha$ of all items was over 0.75. Using an exploratory factor analysis in the condition of a 6 factor constrain as the study model proposed, 23 of the initial 28 items were identified. In testing the discriminant and convergent validity of the selected 23 scales using CFA with SEM, the Internet addiction model explained about 93% of all variances of the data collected, and all the latent variables significantly explained the designated scales. A K-IAI was proposed using the T-scores of the sum of all factor averages. In the classification of users, the basic concept was a twostandard deviation approach of the K-IAI as the criteria of MMPI. The addiction group had a score ${\geq}70$ in the K-IAI, the pre-addiction group between ${\geq}50$ and <70, and the average user group <50. The Internet use times of the classified groups were statistically different in the ANOVA and multiple comparisons. Conclusions : The K-IAI is a reliable and valid instrument for measuring Internet addiction. Moreover, the taxonomy of the groups was also verified using various methods.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제20권8호
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• pp.1159-1165
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• 2010

간접 열량측정법은 호흡 시의 산소 소모량이나 이산화탄소나 질소의 배출량을 측정해 에너지 소모량을 측정하고, 산화작용의 열 방출량(칼로리소비)을 산출하여 측정한다. 지난 20년 내에 간접 열량측정법에서 사용된 laboratory와 computerized 시스템은 현저하게 발전되었으며, 특히 매 호흡의 변인의 산출을 가능하게 해주는 호흡당 시스템의 사용이 증가되었다. 많은 이전의 연구에서 호흡당 시스템은 간접 열량측정도구로 타당도와 신뢰도가 높아 실험에 적합하다고 평가 하였다. 본 연구는 간접 열량측정법의 가장 적합한 호흡당 시스템을 분석하고자 한다. 하지만 다른 모든 호흡당 간접열량측정계의 타당도와 신뢰도의 효과를 검증한 연구가 많지 않다는 문제점이 있다. 그러므로, 앞으로 연구에서는 호흡당 간접열량측정계의 가장 타당도와 신뢰도가 높은 적합한 측정도구가 필요하다고 사료된다.

• 의학교육논단
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.37-45
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• 2021

In light of the need for a tool to evaluate the clinical practice education environment as perceived by medical and nursing students, this study is was conducted to develop and validate the Korean version of the Undergraduate Clinical Education Environment Measure (K-UCEEM) as a measurement tool for managing the clinical practice education climate and quality of education. For validation, the UCEEM consisting of 25 items developed by Pia Strand in 2013 was adapted according to standard translation procedures. The K-UCEEM questionnaire was administered to 73 medical students and 135 nursing students who participated in clinical practice at one medical institution. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were conducted to confirm the validity of the instrument's structure. In order to determine referential validity, the relationships among stresses in clinical practice were examined, and differences in factor scores were compared by gender and college. It was confirmed that the scale of 24 items and five factors showed a moderate model fitness index. The reliability of the factors ranged from 0.786 to 0.867. In addition, all five factors were found to have negative correlations with the clinical practice stress sub-factor, and there were statistically significant differences by gender and college. Through this study, the validity and reliability of the K-UCEEM were verified. In the future, it is expected that further verification of the scale, as well as evaluation and improvement of the clinical practice education environment based on this scale, will occur.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.374-385
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• 2009

This study aims to develop an index of food security in order to assess food security status in Korea and to evaluate reliability and validity of the index. The index of food security was developed based on the US Household Food Security Survey Module (US-HFSS). After the US-HFSS was translated and back-translated, it was evaluated and modified by a focus interview for experts. The developed Korean Household Food Security Survey Module (K-HFSS) was tested by cognitive interviews and a pretest for general community population to assess its application for Korean population. For the reliability and validity of K-HFSS, the survey was conducted with 300 adults aged 40 years or more living in a rural community and 212 infants and toddlers living in an urban community. The reliability was assessed by Cronbach' alpha and the validity was evaluated by content validity, construct validity, and criterion-related validity. The questionnaire items of K-HFSS were partly modified, accounting for Korean social and cultural backgrounds and adapted by general community population. The reliability was relatively high, showing Cronbach' alpha coefficients ranged from 0.80 (for adults) to 0.87 (for infants and toddlers). The content and construct validities were all acceptable. The result of criterion-related validity showed that food security status was significantly related to the household income level. In conclusion, the K-HFSS would be used as a reliable and valid instrument to assess food security status in parts of the Korean population.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제17권8호
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• pp.2241-2258
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• 2023

This study developed digital literacy instruments and tested their effectiveness on college students' perceptions of AI technologies. In creating a new digital literacy test tool, we reviewed the concept and scale of digital literacy based on previous studies that identified the characteristics and measurement of AI literacy. We developed 23 preliminary questions for our research instrument and used a quantitative approach to survey 318 undergraduates. After conducting exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, we found that digital literacy in the age of AI had four ability sub-factors: critical understanding, artificial intelligence social impact recognition, artificial intelligence technology utilization, and ethical behavior. Then we tested the sub-factors' predictive powers on the perception of AI's usefulness and ease of use. The regression result shows that the most common powerful predictor of the usefulness and ease of use of AI technology was the ability to use AI technology. This finding implies that for college students, the ability to use various tools based on AI technology is an essential competency in the AI era.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.65-76
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• 2024

Purpose : This study aimed to develop and validate a reliable tool, the Korean physical therapists' work environment scale (K-PTWES), for assessing the work environment of Korean physical therapists. The study also sought to examine the validity and reliability of the instrument. Methods : This methodological study involved the development and testing of the measurement tool. The conceptual framework was established through a literature review and in-depth interviews with clinical physical therapists. A total of 40 meaningful statements emerged from this process, leading to the generation of 29 primary items. Following a content validity test, 29 items were selected for the preliminary tool. Data were collected from 220 physical therapists across various job roles and unit types, such as outpatient and inpatient physical therapy rooms in domestic hospitals, with more than one year of experience. The final analysis included data from all 220 physical therapists. Results : Varimax rotated principal component analysis was employed for validities, revealing four factors: organizational support, working system, sustainable development, and relationship with coworkers, explaining a total variance of 54.97 %. The Cronbach's α coefficient for the final tool was .939, indicating high reliability. Conclusion : In this study, we developed a measurement tool reflecting the characteristics of the Korean physical therapists' work environment scale (K-PTWES). Our findings highlight the tool demonstrated both validity and reliability. Utilizing this tool is expected to contribute to understanding the work environment of Korean physical therapists and fostering a healthy work environment. Based on our findings, we recommend, firstly, conducting research on the work environment and related factors of physical therapists working in diverse settings using the K-PTWES. Secondly, future studies should focus on validating the tool's criterion-related validity, as it was not addressed in this research.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.633-641
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• 2016

Two identical Particle Into Liquid Samplers-Total Organic Carbon (PILS-TOC) were operated to measure fine particle Water Soluble Organic Carbon (WSOC) for one week on Feb. in 2016. The dual instrument operations provided validated WSOC concentrations to have a continuous WSOC measurement during the sample analysis period. Both PILS-TOC instruments were operated downstream of an carbon denuder to remove positive adsorption artifacts associated with semi-volatile organic compounds. Comparison of WSOC showed good agreement each other. The linear regression had a coefficient of determination ($r^2$) of 0.92 and a regression slope of 1.01 for the first period. The lower collection efficiency due to lower steam temperature is discussed. In addition, the potential primary source related to WSOC based on the comparison of black carbon (BC) concentrations is explained. The results of good agreement between two PILS-TOC measurements can provide the validation of WSOC cooperations and knowledge regarding the origins of WSOC and their behaviors.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2005년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2005
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• pp.593-596
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• 2005

The MSC is a remote sensing instrument with very high performance that is to be installed on KOMPSAT2 satellite. The MSC consists of EOS (Electro-Optic Subsystem), PMU (Payload Management Unit) and PDTS (Payload Data Transmission Subsystem). PMU controls and monitors all the other payload units by sending commands and collecting telemetry. PMU is in charge of interfacing between payload system and satellite bus system. PMU gets commands from ground-station via OBC (On-Board Computer) that is a main controller of the satellite bus system and sends telemetry to the ground-station via OBC. There is a processor module, called SBC (Single Board Computer) in the PMU. The SBC is a main controller of the MSC system. The main roles of the SBC are payload mission management, command validation and execution, telemetry collection and monitoring, ancillary data handling, event reporting, power control of payload sub-units and communication with these units. Intel's 80486DX2 processor has been used for the SBC. Due to the fact that the SBC plays important roles for imaging mission execution and handles a lot of control data that is required for payload operation, it is required to make analysis of the CPU load when it is in maximum operation mode. In this paper, the analysis and measurement results of the SBC throughput in the maximum operation mode.