• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.32
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• pp.159-187
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• 2008

This article aims to investigate the change of theories of reading and its historical meaning in the later Joseon period. Three scholar who left major theories of reading are mainly analyzed for the sake of it. Park, Se-chae(1631-1695) was a Neo-Confucianist who had the theory of reading named Dokseo-Gungliron(讀書窮理論). It was totally based on the scheme of Neo-Confucianist instruction and concentrated on mastering the moral principles with relishing the sentences of the Confucian Canons. Jeong, Yak-yong(1762-1836) was a Practical learning scholar and then criticized the moral-centric theory of reading of Neo-Confucianism. He valued much of the Confucian Canons but also focused on erudite reading so as to enlarge practical knowledge. Hong, Gil-ju(1786-1841) was a stylist and presented a severe criticism against Neo-Confucianist theory of reading as much. He thought that what we could realize with reading are the principles of the individual, not of the whole. The change of theories of reading in the later Joseon period as above reveals us the fact that the intellectual history of that period was in the process of dynamical change.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.60 no.1
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• pp.9-18
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• 2022

In vitro studies are essential to predict the clinical performance of ceramic widely used as restorative materials. Traditional experiments such as fracture toughness and flexural strength have been used to evaluate the properties of brittle ceramics. However, these experiments have a limitation that the load conditions, failure patterns, and load values at which failure occurs are not similar to human occlusal force ranges or clinical failures. On the other hand, the edge chipping test (ECT), which was recently introduced to study chipping fracture of ceramics, has similar failure patterns to clinical trials. In addition, the failure loads from ECT were similar to human occlusal force. ECT can be usefully used in the study of ceramic properties. In this literature review, a more clinically meaningful experimental study of ceramics by examining the meaning and limitations of traditional ceramic failure tests and comparing them with ECT.

• Korea Science and Art Forum
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• v.19
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• pp.243-257
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• 2015

The Cultural Heritage Administration has selected Seoul Fortress Wall as the representative heritage of Korea to be applied for being registered as UNESCO World Heritage and announced the plan to restore and organize it, which has increased the interest to the Seoul Fortress Wall, the Historical Site No. 10. The great work to make the heritage value of Walls, 4 Big Gates and 4 Small Gates composing the Seoul Fortress wall with the length of 18.627 km to be recognized worldwide has limits if it is focused only on the physical restoration. It is because the Seoul Fortress Wall represents the long historical and cultural value as the space of life which connects closely the capital city and its vicinity. We need the plan to discover and utilize historical and cultural contents of Seoul Fortress Wall and its vicinity. Especially, Gwangheemun, which is one of the four Small Gates of Seoul Fortress Wall, is a precious cultural heritage which represents the transition of fortification technology of Chosun period as the space representing ordinary people. However, now Gwangheemun and its vicinity does not stand out the charm because of passive accessibility, landscape falling behind and absence of program. This made the lack of domestic and overseas tourists and the convenient space and various contents. This reality is because the value of space has been considered simply as a cultural heritage without considering the traditional, historical and cultural specificity. Therefore, this study is aimed to find the meaning and value of Gwangheemun by discovering its own latent intangible cultural, historical and artistic resource, and to find the way to connect with Gwangheemun, the existing tangible traditional architectural space and the way of vitalizing Gwangheemun as a new space.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.145-159
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• 2016

Objectives : The aim was to investigate the characteristics of low dose effect and non monotonic dose responses(NMDRs) and to predict the influence it might have on the health and medicine, traditional Korean medicine. Methods : By investigating recently published major literatures related to low dose effect and NMDRs, the definition, mechanism, major related fields, and the influence on public health and medicine has been categorized and summarized. Results : Although there are still heated debates about the definition of low dose, it implies the biological responses in environmental exposure level and the NDMDRs means the nonlinear relationship between the dose-response in the slope sign change. Also, it implies the new form of the curve showing a U, reverse U shape, and the slop sign constantly changing showing various forms. This mechanism is because the two acceptor shows opposing effects to toxic materials and the affinity is different along with the numerical value that increase and decrease being different. These characteristics generally appear in endocrine disrupters such as bisphenol A, agricultural pesticides, metal, and radiation. The research field in the public health and medical treatment is obesity, problems in metabolism, growth hormone treatment, climacteric treatment, breast cancer, intake of Korean traditional medicine for pregnancy, menopause and phytoestrogen. Conclusions : As a result of discussing implications, NMDRs is a particular effect in low dose and heated debates surround this response, research is being conducted surrounding the field of obesity, problems in metabolism, growth hormone treatment, climacteric treatment, breast cancer, intake of Korean traditional medicine for pregnancy, menopause, and phytoestrogen. More research and interest in needed as it can have a massive influence in the public health and medicine.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.60-69
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• 2012

The project on Geonjisan Universal Design Forest Trail in Jeonju City was designed and constructed by an NGO called 'Jeonbuk Forest for Life' which was a winner for the '2008 Open Competition by the 'Committee for Greening Society' established in Korea Land Corporation. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the design satisfaction of UD forest trail. Post Occupancy Evaluation (POE) method was applied to measure the user satisfaction and the total number of users. The main result of the study were as follows: the major users of the Geonjisan UD forest trail were people aged over 60 years old(37%) and the main purpose of trail usage were to 'walk and rest'(51.5%) and to 'exercise and rehabilitation' (40.6%). Furthermore, the overall user rating for the UD forest trail design was "satisfied"(3.91 point in 5-point Likert Scale). The three most influencing factors of the overall user satisfaction were facility management, user conflict, and trail width and slope. About forty-five people were found to be End-user in the UD forest trail while six people were found as End-user in non-UD trails. Most importantly, the number of End-user observed on the UD forest trail was greater than the number found in non-UD forest trail. The result implies that the UD forest trail attracts more End-users and provides opportunity for gathering and interaction with the other users. Moreover, the satisfaction rate for the UD forest trail landscape is found to be high in Likert scale, which we can assume that the well-grown existing trees and topographic features as well as appropriately designed wood-paths influence the high satisfaction rate of the users. The POE of UD forest trail revealed the importance of universal design concept due to its convenient uses of the handicapped, old, weak, pregnant woman or children.

• Trans-
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• v.1
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• pp.45-66
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• 2016

The study uses the image technique of the movie (analysis) since there are limited analyses and data of the dance film's (cinematic) grammar. The films are limited to the Wim Vandekeybus's Blush. From the analysis of the one film, films are directed using basic movie grammars. Although the films are of the same genre, it differs from the method of using image techniques as well as the director's personal art preference. The cinematic grammars enhance the effect of the movement and it emphasizes the objectives to deliver the audience true meaning of the films. Dance film is not a simple word combination of dance and film to record new type of art; dance is used for the movie's artistic and aesthetic enhancement. To find out dance is the language and important expressive tool of the dance film, at the same time cinematic grammar enhances effect of dance and objective of the film, the study uses image technique analysis. These are the results of dance film analysis by using image techniques. Firstly, Dance film can transcend time and space. Secondly, The creative director could emphasize some part that the audience should focus on to clearly deliver the intention of the choreographer. Lastly, To popularize the dance genre. If the dance film produces with more diversified stories than the resent, it will be a part of a cultural industry and could create profits. Dance film might lose the sense of realism, which is the main characteristic of the stage art; however it could feel the beauty of the film through the mise en scene.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.525-535
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to compare the of ash and minerals contents in different types of soybeans (Baektae, Seoritae, Heuk Tae and Seomoktae) with different cooking methods. Raw, boiled and pan-fried soybean samples were prepared by the Rural Development Administration. Samples were digested by using a microwave and analyzed using ICP-OES and ICP-MS for determining the ash and minerals contents. Ash content in four raw soybeans ranged from 5.07 to 5.59 g/100g. There was no significant difference in the ash contents in raw and pan-fried soybeans (p>0.05). However, the ash content of boiled soybeans was 9 to 14% lower than that of raw soybeans (p<0.05). The minerals contents of Baektae and Seomoktae were high and the major minerals of various soybeans were K, P, Mg, and Ca, which accounted for ash 60.80-65.61%, 20.73-24.26%, 6.90-8.46% and 5.79-8.60%, respectively. The mineral contents of soybeans were significantly different depending on the type of cultivar (p<0.05), but the tendency was not constant. Because the process of soaking and boiling of soybeans made the soluble minerals elute, the ash and mineral contents were reduced. And process of pan-frying of soybeans make Because process of soaking and boiling of soybeans make soluble minerals elute (Ed- this section is very confused and seems to have 2 sentences combined: please check your intended meaning), the ash and mineral contents were reduced. As the soybeans are cooked by pan-frying, the water in the soybeans is evaporated and the mineral content is concentrated or kept constant. These results can serve as the basic data of mineral content during processing and cooking of soybeans.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.139-146
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• 1997

Priming has been used to establish a better standing in practice as controling the seed moisture content after sowing. The experiment was done to measure the effect of priming (material ; concentration ; period) and light quality (red ; white ; dark) after sowing on seed germination and radicle elongation of Campanulaceae (Platycodon grandiflorum ; Codonopsis lanceolata ; C. pilosula) to give an information on their earlier standing establishment. The germination test was carried out with 12 hours irradiation for 9 days after priming treatment. In the darkness, the mean germination rate of all the species was decreased in the order to P. grandiflorum, C. pilosula, C. lanceolata. Their germination and radicle elongation became more inclined when primed with $Ca(CO_3)_2$ or with 50 to 150mM than with $KNO_3$ or no priming although there was no difference between priming periods. Under irradiation during their seed germination, however, the former order was changed to P. grandiflorum, C. lanceolata, C. pilosula because light quality treatment given after priming reduced the rate of C. pilosula but enhanced that of C. lanceolata. Although light quality forced after priming did not affect the mean germination rate of P. grandiflorum, it increased earlier or alltime germination of C. lanceolata or C. pilosula, respectively. White light after priming repressed germinations of C. lanceolata and C. pilosulai but increased earlier germinatin of P. grandiflorum, meaning that seed germination and radicle elongation of Campanulaceae could be determined by light quality treated after priming.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.236-241
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• 2016

The Schizosaccharomyces pombe $sdu1^+$ gene, belonging to the PPPDE superfamily of deubiquitinating enzyme (DUB) genes, was previously shown to encode a protein with ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase (UCH) activity and to participate in the response against oxidative and nitrosative stresses. This work focused on the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent regulation of the S. pombe $sdu1^+$ gene. UCH activities, encoded by the $sdu1^+$ gene, were attenuated in the S. pombe cells exposed to $H_2O_2$, superoxide radical-generating menadione (MD), and nitric oxide (NO)-generating sodium nitroprusside (SNP). Reduced glutathione (GSH) and its precursor N-acetylcysteine (NAC) were able to significantly enhance the UCH activities in the absence or presence of $H_2O_2$. However, the influences of both GSH and NAC on the ROS levels in the absence or presence of $H_2O_2$ were opposite to their effects on the UCH activities under the same conditions. The UCH activities in the Sdu1-overexpressing S. pombe cells were also diminished under exposure to $H_2O_2$, MD and SNP, but still remained to be higher than those in the vector control cells. In brief, it is proposed that the S. pombe $sdu1^+$ gene is regulated by ROS in a negative manner, the meaning of which largely remains elusive.

• Korean Association of Arts Management
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• no.59
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• pp.33-72
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• 2021

I intended to discuss the new phase of the publicness of museums in a digital environment with the Goole Arts & Culture Project. To this end, I critically examined the instrumental approaches and technological optimism in the application of digital technology to museums, and scrutinized the recent museological issues, particularly the revision or curtailment of the museum's publicness amid the spread of neoliberal policy, which have been omitted within those technological approaches. This is because the meaning of Google Art & Culture can be considered more effectively through an extended theoretical reconstruction. Based on these theoretical discussions, I critically reviewed how the "non-profit," an important concept that defines the publicness of museums, was adopted and utilized as an business strategy by Google. As a result, I wanted to reveal that the neoliberalization of museums, the failure of the government's public function, the crisis of museum's publicness, and Google's "non-profit" strategy have been closely related. Armed with advanced digital technology, the GAC project appropriated the publicness of museums as a useful profit-making model. As such, now the concept of publicness of museums is at a point of more controversial and radical transformation than ever before.